BACKGROUND/AIMS: There are no studies that looked into the bubble eliminating efficacy of polyethylene glycol with ascorbic acid (PEGA), which has been one of the shortcomings of polyethylene glycol (PEG). In this study, we compared newly introduced PEGA regimen by adding either simethicone or 1 L of water. METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled study was carried out at Dongguk Universtiy Gyeongju Hospital from July 2014 to September 2014. A total of 90 patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups; PEGA group (n=30) which served as control, simethicone addition group (n=30) to which simethicone 400 mg was additionally prescribed, and water addition group (n=30) to whom additional 1 L of water was given. Cleansing effectiveness, gas elimination efficacy, side effects, and patient satisfaction were compared between the groups. RESULTS: PEGA group demonstrated the highest cleansing effectiveness, but there was no statistically significant difference among the groups. Simethicone addition group showed significantly lesser amount of bubbles than the other groups (2.57±2.05 vs. 1.10±1.83 vs. 2.60±2.84, p=0.017). The rates of side effects in each group were 20.00% vs. 16.77% vs. 53.33%. Water addition group had significantly more side effects than the PEGA group and the simethicone addition group (p=0.003). The patient satisfaction score of each group was 3.37±0.85 vs. 3.73±0.74 vs. 3.20±0.66 with simethicone addition group showing significantly higher satisfaction than water addition group (p=0.020). CONCLUSIONS: PEGA bowel preparation agent showed satisfactory bowel cleansing despite the decrease in dosage, and addition of simethicone resulted in better bubble elimination.
Adult ; Ascorbic Acid/*chemistry ; Cathartics/adverse effects/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Colon/*drug effects ; Colonoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Compliance ; Polyethylene Glycols/adverse effects/*chemistry/pharmacology ; Prospective Studies ; Simethicone/*chemistry ; Water/*chemistry

Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) are widely used in many scientific and industrial fields despite the lack of proper evaluation of their potential toxicity. This study examined the effects of acute exposure to SNPs, either alone or in conjunction with ovalbumin (OVA), by studying the respiratory systems in exposed mouse models. Three types of SNPs were used: spherical SNPs (S-SNPs), mesoporous SNPs (M-SNPs), and PEGylated SNPs (P-SNPs). In the acute SNP exposure model performed, 6-week-old BALB/c female mice were intranasally inoculated with SNPs for 3 consecutive days. In the OVA/SNPs asthma model, the mice were sensitized two times via the peritoneal route with OVA. Additionally, the mice endured OVA with or without SNP challenges intranasally. Acute SNP exposure induced significant airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness, particularly in the S-SNP group. In OVA/SNPs asthma models, OVA with SNP-treated group showed significant airway inflammation, more than those treated with only OVA and without SNPs. In these models, the P-SNP group induced lower levels of inflammation on airways than both the S-SNP or M-SNP groups. Interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, IL-1beta and interferon-gamma levels correlated with airway inflammation in the tested models, without statistical significance. In the mouse models studied, increased airway inflammation was associated with acute SNPs exposure, whether exposed solely to SNPs or SNPs in conjunction with OVA. P-SNPs appear to be relatively safer for clinical use than S-SNPs and M-SNPs, as determined by lower observed toxicity and airway system inflammation.
Animals ; Asthma/*chemically induced/pathology ; Female ; Inflammation/*chemically induced/pathology ; Interferon-gamma/analysis ; Interleukins/analysis ; Lung/drug effects/*pathology ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nanoparticles/*adverse effects/chemistry ; Ovalbumin/adverse effects ; Polyethylene Glycols/adverse effects/chemistry ; Silicon Dioxide/*adverse effects/chemistry ; Surface Properties

Antiviral Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Fatigue ; chemically induced ; Fever ; chemically induced ; Headache ; chemically induced ; Hepatitis C ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Pain ; chemically induced ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Recombinant Proteins ; Ribavirin ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use

In this work, we developed PEO-PPO-PEO micelles loaded with irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11) using breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibitory material PEO20-PPO70-PEO20, and studied its mechanism of decreasing CPT-11 induced delayed diarrhea and intestinal toxicity. BCRP-overexpressing MDCKII (MDCKII/BCRP) cells were used to evaluate the effect of PEO20-PPO70-PEO20 and PEO-PPO-PEO micelles on transmembrane transport of CPT-11 in vitro. The biliary excretion, delayed diarrhea and intestinal damage of CPT-11 loaded PEO-PPO-PEO micelles of rats were investigated. The results showed that the obtained micelles could decrease the biliary excretion of CPT-11, ameliorate delayed diarrhea and intestinal toxicity of rats through inhibiting BCRP-mediated CPT-11 efflux. PEO-PPO-PEO micelles were promising carriers to reduce intestinal toxicity of CPTs.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family G, Member 2 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics ; Bile ; secretion ; Biological Transport ; Camptothecin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacokinetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Diarrhea ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Dogs ; Drug Carriers ; Intestines ; drug effects ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; Male ; Micelles ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Polyethylene Glycols ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Propylene Glycols ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley