Retinoids are compounds with pleiotropic functions, selectively targeting certain skin structures. They are vitamins which must be derived from diet because retinol(vitamin A) is not synthesized in the body, and also they are hormones with intracrine activity, because retinol is transformed into molecules that bind to nuclear receptors, exhibit their activity, and are subsequently inactivated. Enhanced healing of full-thickness skin wounds has been demonstrated in early wound healing studies. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose is to observe the chemical and histologic effects of topical retinoid derivatives(0.05%) applied directly to the dermal wound of guinea pig. METHODS: We prepared five kinds of retinoid derivative, applied each one on the wound on back of guinea pig. After 4 and 8 weeks, each wound was observed under microscope and analyzed for the amount of the collagen. RESULTS: Among the newly developed retinoid derivatives, PVP-RA(ester form) was the most effective in wound healing of the dermal damaged guinea pig. CONCLUSION: Retionid derivatives were effective in dermal wound healing if well prepared.
Animals ; Collagen ; Diet ; Guinea Pigs ; Polyethylene* ; Polyvinyls* ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; Retinoids ; Skin ; Tretinoin* ; Vitamin A ; Vitamins ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*

New treatment strategies to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been introduced recently. We report and review the effect of Panax ginseng extract administration in a 7 year-old boy with drug naive ADHD. We administered Panax ginseng extract 1,800 mg/day to him for 8 weeks. There were improvement of scores in Attention Diagnostic System, Clinical Global Improvement, Conner's ADHD Rating scale and Dupaul ADHD Rating scale.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Panax ; Polyenes

Anaphylaxis is a severe systemic allergic reaction that can be fatal in some patients. Identifying the cause of anaphylaxis is very important, because this disease is preventable. Food is one of the most frequent causes of anaphylaxis. Allergy to chicken meat is uncommon, and only a few cases have been reported on anaphylaxis to chicken meat. We herein report on a 7 year-old girl who had anaphylaxis to chicken meat, which was diagnosed with an oral food challenge.
Anaphylaxis ; Chickens ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Meat ; Polyenes

Polyolefin plastics are a group of polymers with C-C backbone that have been widely used in various areas of daily life. Due to their stable chemical properties and poor biodegradability, polyolefin plastic waste continues to accumulate worldwide, causing serious environmental pollution and ecological crises. In recent years, biological degradation of polyolefin plastics has attracted considerable attention. The abundant microbial resources in the nature offer the possibility of biodegradation of polyolefin plastic waste, and microorganisms capable of degrading polyolefin have been reported. This review summarizes the research progress on the biodegradation microbial resources and the biodegradation mechanisms of polyolefin plastics, presents the current challenges in the biodegradation of polyolefin plastics, and provides an outlook on future research directions.
Plastics/metabolism* ; Polymers/metabolism* ; Polyenes ; Biodegradation, Environmental

BACKGROUND: Retinoids exert a wide range of effects on cell growth and development and have important effects on keratinocytes differentiation in vvc and in vitro. Besides the effects on epithelial differeotiation, modulation of cellular and amoral responses of lymphocytes, changes in natural killer and T-killer cell activities and riodulation of antigen presenting properties were shown by retionds. OBJECTIVE: We studied to investigate the immunologic role of etinoids. METHODS: With foreskin. the effects of 13-cis retinoic acid and etretinate on interferony induced HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression of kratinocytes were!ev luated. RESULTS: 1. When keratinocytes were grown in low calcium media, priliferation was inhibited only with 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid. 8 x 10 , 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid and 8 x 10 , 8 x 10, 8 x 10 M of etretinate had no effect on keratinocytes roiferation. When cultured in 0.15 mM calcium media or 1.0 mM calcium media, 13-cis retino acid and etretinate had no effection keratinocytes proliferation. 2. Keratinocytes HLA-DR expression was decreased with 8 x 10 , 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid in 0.15 mM carcium media and 8 x 10 , 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid in 1.0 mM calcium media. Etretinate had no effect on keratinocytes HLA-DR expression. 3. Keratinocytes ICAM- 1 expression was increased with 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid in low calcium. media. When cultured on 0.15 mM carcium media, ICAM-1 expression was increased with 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid and tetinate. When cultured in 1.0 mM calcium media, ICAM-1 expression was increased with 8 x 10, 8 x 10 , 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid and 8 x 10, 8 x 10 , 8 x 10 M of etretinate. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that retiniods have an immunomodulating effect as well as effects on epithelial differentiation. Clarification of the mechanism of increased expression of ICAM-1 and decreased expression of HLA-DR remains to the proved.
Acitretin ; Calcium ; Etretinate ; Foreskin ; Growth and Development ; HLA-DR Antigens ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Interferons* ; Keratinocytes* ; Lymphocytes ; Retinoids* ; Tretinoin

INTRODUCTION: Research on dental bone graft material has been actively conducted. Recently, demineralized dentin matrix material has been developed and introduced. This study examined the effect of demineralized dentin matrix material on bone healing. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The patients who received no treatment after extraction were used as the control group and patients who underwent demineralized dentin matrix material application in the extraction socket after extraction were used as the experimental group. Panorama radiography was performed at the baseline and at 3.5 months after graft material placement and CT was taken at 3.5 months after graft material placement for a radiologic evaluation. Bony tissue specimens were collected from the alveolar crest in the middle of the extraction socket using a 2 mm trephine bur after 3.5 months for the histology and hostomorphometric study. RESULTS: 1. On the panoramic view, a higher bone density was observed in the subject group. 2. On the panoramic view, the bone density increased significantly in the extraction socket, from the baseline to 3.5 months: a 7 and 10 gray-level scale was observed in the control and experimental group, respectively (P<0.05). 3. The CT view evaluation at 3.5 months revealed significantly higher bone density in the subject group than the control group (P<0.05). 4. The histological findings showed more active new bone and lamellar bone formation in the subject group. Dentin with osteoinduction ability and enamel with osteoconduction ability appeared. 5. On histomorphometric analysis, the subject group showed significantly more new bone, lamellar bone area and lower soft tissue area (P<0.05). The difference between the groups was significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Bone healing was improved after the application of demineralized dentin matrix material and there was active new bone and lamellar bone formation.
Bone Density ; Bone Regeneration ; Dental Enamel ; Dentin ; Humans ; Osteogenesis ; Polyenes ; Transplants

An inverted appendix is a rare condition that develops in conjunction with pathologic or anatomic conditions, such as polyps, worms, carcinomas, mucoceles, fecaliths, or post-appendectomy. There are few reports of congenital inverted appendices. The clinical symptoms can range from no symptoms to acute or chronic lower abdominal pain, as in appendicitis. An inverted appendix can be diagnosed by barium enema, colonoscopy, ultrasound, and CT scan, but few cases are reported pre-operatively. Indeed, most cases are diagnosed intra-operatively. Because an inverted appendix is often misdiagnosed as a polyp during colonoscopy, it is important to differentiate an inverted appendix from a polyp or tumor for therapeutic planning. We report herein a 76-year-old woman who had no clinical symptoms of a congenital inverted appendix which had been observed without any treatment or symptoms over a 7 year period.
Abdominal Pain ; Aged ; Appendicitis ; Appendix ; Barium ; Colonoscopy ; Enema ; Fecal Impaction ; Female ; Humans ; Intussusception ; Mucocele ; Polyenes ; Polyps

An inverted appendix is a rare condition that develops in conjunction with pathologic or anatomic conditions, such as polyps, worms, carcinomas, mucoceles, fecaliths, or post-appendectomy. There are few reports of congenital inverted appendices. The clinical symptoms can range from no symptoms to acute or chronic lower abdominal pain, as in appendicitis. An inverted appendix can be diagnosed by barium enema, colonoscopy, ultrasound, and CT scan, but few cases are reported pre-operatively. Indeed, most cases are diagnosed intra-operatively. Because an inverted appendix is often misdiagnosed as a polyp during colonoscopy, it is important to differentiate an inverted appendix from a polyp or tumor for therapeutic planning. We report herein a 76-year-old woman who had no clinical symptoms of a congenital inverted appendix which had been observed without any treatment or symptoms over a 7 year period.
Abdominal Pain ; Aged ; Appendicitis ; Appendix ; Barium ; Colonoscopy ; Enema ; Fecal Impaction ; Female ; Humans ; Intussusception ; Mucocele ; Polyenes ; Polyps

We immobilized carbonic anhydrase (CA) onto the surface of membrane oxygenator of polymethyl pentene (PMP) to enhance the removal of carbon dioxide in blood by two steps. We first introduced hydroxyl groups onto PMP surface by water plasma treatment, and then coupled CA onto PMP surface by using cyanate bromide (CNBr) as a crosslinker. After plasma treatment, the contact angle with water and chemical composition of PMP surface were characterized by analysis system of surface contact angle and XPS. Using p-nitrophenyl acetate (p-NPA) as a substrate, the activity, concentration, storage stability and re-usability of immobilized CA on PMP hollow fibers were studied by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The preliminary data showed that hydroxyl groups could be introduced on the surface of PMP by water plasma treatment, and CA with catalysis activity could be successfully introduced onto PMP surface in high immobilization efficiency. The activity of covalently immobilized CA increased with the increase of concentration of CNBr, and the maximum was 73% of the theoretical activity of CA spread on PMP surface in monolayer in studied range. Covalently immobilized CA showed higher reusability compared to physically adsorbed CA, and higher storage stability compared to free CA in solution at 37 degrees C. The method would be used potentially in the membrane oxygenator to improve the capacity of removal of carbon dioxide in blood in the future.
Carbonic Anhydrases ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Enzymes, Immobilized ; Membranes, Artificial ; Oxygenators, Membrane ; Polyenes ; chemistry

A 7 year-old girl had developed multiple bald patches on her scalp for two months and was treated as alopecia areata or trichotillomania at another institution. Biopsy findings of the scalp lesion showed catagen follicles, trichomalacia and pigment clumps in the hair canals with little inflammatory cell infiltrates. Careful history revealed the patient had had "a magic perm" - a hair-straightening perm - one month before the bald patch began to develop. The condition could be called "a magic perm alopecia" as a form of cosmetic traumatic alopecia. The alopecic lesions showed further extension for three to four months. The lesions were beginning to recover five months after they first developed.
Alopecia ; Alopecia Areata ; Biopsy ; Cosmetics ; Hair ; Humans ; Magic ; Polyenes ; Scalp ; Trichotillomania