Retinoids are compounds with pleiotropic functions, selectively targeting certain skin structures. They are vitamins which must be derived from diet because retinol(vitamin A) is not synthesized in the body, and also they are hormones with intracrine activity, because retinol is transformed into molecules that bind to nuclear receptors, exhibit their activity, and are subsequently inactivated. Enhanced healing of full-thickness skin wounds has been demonstrated in early wound healing studies. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose is to observe the chemical and histologic effects of topical retinoid derivatives(0.05%) applied directly to the dermal wound of guinea pig. METHODS: We prepared five kinds of retinoid derivative, applied each one on the wound on back of guinea pig. After 4 and 8 weeks, each wound was observed under microscope and analyzed for the amount of the collagen. RESULTS: Among the newly developed retinoid derivatives, PVP-RA(ester form) was the most effective in wound healing of the dermal damaged guinea pig. CONCLUSION: Retionid derivatives were effective in dermal wound healing if well prepared.
Animals ; Collagen ; Diet ; Guinea Pigs ; Polyethylene* ; Polyvinyls* ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; Retinoids ; Skin ; Tretinoin* ; Vitamin A ; Vitamins ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*

Anaphylaxis is a severe systemic allergic reaction that can be fatal in some patients. Identifying the cause of anaphylaxis is very important, because this disease is preventable. Food is one of the most frequent causes of anaphylaxis. Allergy to chicken meat is uncommon, and only a few cases have been reported on anaphylaxis to chicken meat. We herein report on a 7 year-old girl who had anaphylaxis to chicken meat, which was diagnosed with an oral food challenge.
Anaphylaxis ; Chickens ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Meat ; Polyenes

New treatment strategies to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been introduced recently. We report and review the effect of Panax ginseng extract administration in a 7 year-old boy with drug naive ADHD. We administered Panax ginseng extract 1,800 mg/day to him for 8 weeks. There were improvement of scores in Attention Diagnostic System, Clinical Global Improvement, Conner's ADHD Rating scale and Dupaul ADHD Rating scale.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Panax ; Polyenes

Polyolefin plastics are a group of polymers with C-C backbone that have been widely used in various areas of daily life. Due to their stable chemical properties and poor biodegradability, polyolefin plastic waste continues to accumulate worldwide, causing serious environmental pollution and ecological crises. In recent years, biological degradation of polyolefin plastics has attracted considerable attention. The abundant microbial resources in the nature offer the possibility of biodegradation of polyolefin plastic waste, and microorganisms capable of degrading polyolefin have been reported. This review summarizes the research progress on the biodegradation microbial resources and the biodegradation mechanisms of polyolefin plastics, presents the current challenges in the biodegradation of polyolefin plastics, and provides an outlook on future research directions.
Plastics/metabolism* ; Polymers/metabolism* ; Polyenes ; Biodegradation, Environmental

BACKGROUND: Retinoids exert a wide range of effects on cell growth and development and have important effects on keratinocytes differentiation in vvc and in vitro. Besides the effects on epithelial differeotiation, modulation of cellular and amoral responses of lymphocytes, changes in natural killer and T-killer cell activities and riodulation of antigen presenting properties were shown by retionds. OBJECTIVE: We studied to investigate the immunologic role of etinoids. METHODS: With foreskin. the effects of 13-cis retinoic acid and etretinate on interferony induced HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression of kratinocytes were!ev luated. RESULTS: 1. When keratinocytes were grown in low calcium media, priliferation was inhibited only with 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid. 8 x 10 , 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid and 8 x 10 , 8 x 10, 8 x 10 M of etretinate had no effect on keratinocytes roiferation. When cultured in 0.15 mM calcium media or 1.0 mM calcium media, 13-cis retino acid and etretinate had no effection keratinocytes proliferation. 2. Keratinocytes HLA-DR expression was decreased with 8 x 10 , 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid in 0.15 mM carcium media and 8 x 10 , 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid in 1.0 mM calcium media. Etretinate had no effect on keratinocytes HLA-DR expression. 3. Keratinocytes ICAM- 1 expression was increased with 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid in low calcium. media. When cultured on 0.15 mM carcium media, ICAM-1 expression was increased with 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid and tetinate. When cultured in 1.0 mM calcium media, ICAM-1 expression was increased with 8 x 10, 8 x 10 , 8 x 10 M of 13-cis retinoic acid and 8 x 10, 8 x 10 , 8 x 10 M of etretinate. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that retiniods have an immunomodulating effect as well as effects on epithelial differentiation. Clarification of the mechanism of increased expression of ICAM-1 and decreased expression of HLA-DR remains to the proved.
Acitretin ; Calcium ; Etretinate ; Foreskin ; Growth and Development ; HLA-DR Antigens ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Interferons* ; Keratinocytes* ; Lymphocytes ; Retinoids* ; Tretinoin

INTRODUCTION: Research on dental bone graft material has been actively conducted. Recently, demineralized dentin matrix material has been developed and introduced. This study examined the effect of demineralized dentin matrix material on bone healing. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The patients who received no treatment after extraction were used as the control group and patients who underwent demineralized dentin matrix material application in the extraction socket after extraction were used as the experimental group. Panorama radiography was performed at the baseline and at 3.5 months after graft material placement and CT was taken at 3.5 months after graft material placement for a radiologic evaluation. Bony tissue specimens were collected from the alveolar crest in the middle of the extraction socket using a 2 mm trephine bur after 3.5 months for the histology and hostomorphometric study. RESULTS: 1. On the panoramic view, a higher bone density was observed in the subject group. 2. On the panoramic view, the bone density increased significantly in the extraction socket, from the baseline to 3.5 months: a 7 and 10 gray-level scale was observed in the control and experimental group, respectively (P<0.05). 3. The CT view evaluation at 3.5 months revealed significantly higher bone density in the subject group than the control group (P<0.05). 4. The histological findings showed more active new bone and lamellar bone formation in the subject group. Dentin with osteoinduction ability and enamel with osteoconduction ability appeared. 5. On histomorphometric analysis, the subject group showed significantly more new bone, lamellar bone area and lower soft tissue area (P<0.05). The difference between the groups was significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Bone healing was improved after the application of demineralized dentin matrix material and there was active new bone and lamellar bone formation.
Bone Density ; Bone Regeneration ; Dental Enamel ; Dentin ; Humans ; Osteogenesis ; Polyenes ; Transplants

A melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a uncommon osteolytic pigmented neoplasm that primarily affects the jaws of newborn infants. Most patients (> 90%) present with the tumor in the first year of life. Approximately 65% form in the maxilla, 11% in the mandible, 5% in the brain and elsewhere. MNTI is normally benign, but up to 15% may recur and a few have metastasized. Approximately 200 cases of MNTI have been reported but only 2 of them presented as multifocal. A case of MNTI in a 7 month old boy was encountered. The chief complaint was maxillary anterior ridge swelling. The incisional biopsy findings were MNTI. Two months after the first operation, mild swelling of another site was observed. The infant was examined periodically since undergoing two procedures with no recurrence. This case demonstrates the possibility of a multicentric MNTI. We report a multicentric MNTI with a review of the relevant literature.
Biopsy ; Brain ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaw ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Neuroectodermal Tumor, Melanotic ; Polyenes ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: To report the ophthalmologic examination of an infant who has cri du chat syndome with exotropia and facial abnormalities. CASE SUMMARY: A 7 - month - old infant was confirmed as having cri du chat syndrome by a chromosomal study. He showed mild developmental retardation and eyeball deviation. This male infant underwent ophthalmic evaluations, including an extraocular examination, measurement of deviation, ocular movement test, interepicanthal distance, and fundus examination. As a result, facial abnormalities were found, including telecanthus and epicanthal folds. The infant had intermittent exotropia of 40 prism diopters according to the Hirschberg test and optic atrophy according to the fundus examination. CONCLUSIONS: Cri du chat syndrome manifests with many different ocular symptoms, including hypertelorism, telecanthus, epicanthal folds, and exotropia.
Craniofacial Abnormalities ; Cri-du-Chat Syndrome ; Exotropia ; Humans ; Hypertelorism ; Infant ; Male ; Optic Atrophy ; Polyenes

Brainstem encephalitis is a rare disease and patients typically present with symptoms of areflexia, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. We experienced a case of brainstem encephalitis in a 7 years old girl, who presented with diplopia and headache. It can be reliably confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and CSF analysis. We report a case of brainstem encephalitis in a child, with a brief review of literature.
Ataxia ; Brain Stem ; Child ; Diplopia ; Encephalitis ; Headache ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Polyenes ; Rare Diseases

An inverted appendix is a rare condition that develops in conjunction with pathologic or anatomic conditions, such as polyps, worms, carcinomas, mucoceles, fecaliths, or post-appendectomy. There are few reports of congenital inverted appendices. The clinical symptoms can range from no symptoms to acute or chronic lower abdominal pain, as in appendicitis. An inverted appendix can be diagnosed by barium enema, colonoscopy, ultrasound, and CT scan, but few cases are reported pre-operatively. Indeed, most cases are diagnosed intra-operatively. Because an inverted appendix is often misdiagnosed as a polyp during colonoscopy, it is important to differentiate an inverted appendix from a polyp or tumor for therapeutic planning. We report herein a 76-year-old woman who had no clinical symptoms of a congenital inverted appendix which had been observed without any treatment or symptoms over a 7 year period.
Abdominal Pain ; Aged ; Appendicitis ; Appendix ; Barium ; Colonoscopy ; Enema ; Fecal Impaction ; Female ; Humans ; Intussusception ; Mucocele ; Polyenes ; Polyps