Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree ; Polydactyly ; genetics

Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree ; Polydactyly ; genetics ; pathology

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by retinopathy, obesity, and polydactyly. So far 21 candidate genes have been discovered, and mutations of such genes can all cause the BBS phenotype. As one of the main features of the disease, the obesity in BBS has been associated with leptin resistance and abnormal adipogenesis. However, its molecular etiology is not yet completely clear. Here the molecular mechanism of BBS-associated obesity is reviewed.
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome ; genetics ; Humans ; Obesity ; genetics ; Phenotype ; Polydactyly ; genetics

Foot ; surgery ; Hand ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Polydactyly ; genetics ; surgery

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic basis for a child featuring short stature and postaxial polydactyly. METHODS: A child who presented at Ningbo Women & Children's Hospital in May 2021 due to the"discovery of growth retardation for more than two years" was selected as the subject. Peripheral blood samples of the child and his parents were collected for the extraction of genomic DNA. Whole exome sequencing was carried out for the child, and candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing of his family members. RESULTS: The child was found to harbor a heterozygous c.3670C>T (p.Q1224) variant of the GLI2 gene, which may lead to premature termination of protein translation. The variant was not detected in either parent. CONCLUSION The child was diagnosed with Culler-Jones syndrome. The c.3670C>T (p.Q1224*) variant of the GLI2 gene probably underlay the disease in this child.
Child ; Female ; Humans ; Fingers ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics* ; Polydactyly/genetics* ; Toes ; Zinc Finger Protein Gli2/genetics*

Adult ; Aged ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree ; Polydactyly ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To report on the clinical characteristics of a family of short-rib polydactyly syndrome type III and its pathogenic variants. METHODS: Muscle samples from the the third fetus was collected after the induction of labor, and peripheral blood samples of its parents and grandparents were also collected. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out for the pedigree. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing of the family. RESULTS: The proband was found to harbor a c.9819+1G>A variant and a c.4625C>A variant of the DYNC2H1 gene, which were respectively inherited from its mother and father. Sanger sequencing verified that the family has fit the autosomal recessive inheritance. CONCLUSION The c.9819+1G>A and c.4625C>A variants of the DYNC2H1 gene probably underlay the short-rib polydactyly syndrome type 3 in the proband.
Child ; Cytoplasmic Dyneins/genetics* ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Ribs ; Short Rib-Polydactyly Syndrome/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the pathogenic variant of preaxial polydactyly in a Chinese Han pedigree and identify the cause of polydactyly. METHODS: The peripheral blood DNA of the proband and her parents was extracted. The polydactyly-related genes were detected by trio whole exome sequencing, and the suspected pathogenic gene was screened out. Sanger sequencing was applied to other members of the pedigree. RESULTS: The results of gene sequencing showed that the LMBR1 gene had a heterozygous variant of c.423+4909(IVS5)C>T in 6 patients of the pedigree. The same variant was not detected in family members with normal phenotype. Based on the ACMG guidelines, c.423+4909(IVS5)C>T of the LMBR1 gene was predicted to be pathogenic (PM1+PM2+PP1-S(PS)+PP4+PP5). CONCLUSION The heterozygous C>T variant at position 4909 of intron 5 of the LMBR1 gene probably underlies the disease in this pedigree.
China ; Female ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Polydactyly/genetics* ; Thumb ; Whole Exome Sequencing

OBJECTIVETo analyze HOXD13 gene in polydactyly in dispersion type of Fujian Han population in order to know whether there is mutation in HOXD13.

METHODSAll members were evaluated physically and radlologically. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of the patients who were treated from Dec. 2012 to Apr. 2013, their parents, grandparents, and normal volunteers from our department. The polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) , agarose gel electrophoresis and DNA sequence analysis were adopted to analyze HOXD13 from six cases with polydactyly and forty normal volunteers.

RESULTSAll patients had no family history. A heterozygous synonymous mutation, c. 291 C > T( p. A60A), was detected in exon 1 of the HOXD13 Gene in five of the polydactyly patients. Similar mutation was not detected in one brachy dactyly patient and the forty normal volunteers.

CONCLUSIONA heterozygous synonymous mutation, c.291C > T (p. A60A), of the HOXD13 gene may be related with polydactyly in dispersion type of Chinese han population.

China ; Exons ; Heterozygote ; Homeodomain Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Polydactyly ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transcription Factors ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of a child with Pallister-Hall syndrome (PHS). METHODS: DNA was extracted from peripheral blood sample from the child and subjected to whole exome sequencing. Suspected variants were verified by Sanger sequencing of his family members. RESULTS: Genetic testing revealed that the child has harbored a heterozygous c.3320_3330delGGTACGAGCAG (p.G1107Afs×18) variant of the GLI3 gene. Neither parent was found to carry the same variant. CONCLUSION The c.3320_3330delGGTACGAGCAG (p.G1107Afs×18) frameshift variant of the GLI3 gene probably underlay the pathogenesis of PHS in this child. Genetic testing should be considered for patients featuring hypothalamic hamartoma and central polydactyly.
Humans ; Child ; Pallister-Hall Syndrome/genetics* ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Zinc Finger Protein Gli3/genetics* ; Polydactyly/genetics* ; Hamartoma/pathology* ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics*