No abstract available.
Poland Syndrome* ; Poland*

No abstract available.
Poland Syndrome* ; Poland*

The combined congenital malformation of partiaI or complete absence of the pectoralis main muscle and webbing of the fingers, on the same side, was first described by Poland in 1841. The syndrome is not hereditary and is of unknown origin and is affects male more frequently than female. The clinical features are variable but always include congenital aplasia of the stemorostal head of the pectoralls major muscle and syndactyly. The syndectely should be treated by the age of one year and complened before the preschool age. A case of Poland's syndrome is presented with a brief review of literatures.
Female ; Fingers ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Poland Syndrome ; Poland ; Syndactyly

Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Poland Syndrome

BACKGROUNDSince its first description in 1841, numerous variations and treatments of Poland's syndrome (congenital deficiency of the pectoralis major muscle associated with brachysyndactyly) have been reported. None of the reports, however, involved female Chinese patients.

METHODSA retrospective study of 24 female patients was conducted to guide the selection of methods of surgical reconstruction. The patients were divided into three groups according to the degree of thoracic tissue development. Type I (mild): Limited tissue loss which can be treated with simple filling with autologous fat and/or an artificial breast implant. Type II (moderate): Moderate thoracic tissue hypoplasia where the breast parenchyma can still offer adequate implant coverage. Mammoplasty using a latissimus dorsi muscular flap with an implant was performed in this group. The flap was used to fill the infraclavicular hollow, and the implant was placed in the dual-plane pocket. Type III (severe): Severe thoracic tissue hypoplasia, without sufficient parenchyma to offer implant coverage. A latissimus dorsi muscular flap was used to form a total submuscular pocket in which an implant was placed.

RESULTSThe numbers of Type I, II, and III patients were 15, 3, and 6, respectively. All of the flaps and injected fat demonstrated good survival. Satisfactory cosmetic results were exhibited during the follow-up period of 1 to 9 years.

CONCLUSIONSAlthough this group of patients showed varied conditions, they can be roughly divided into three types according to the degree of thoracic tissue development. In our experience, this classification is simple and useful in choosing the breast reconstruction options.

The chest wall deformity associated with Poland's syndrome is a very rare anomaly which consists of congenital unilateral absence of the sternal head of the pectoralis major muscle and various abnormalities of the upper extremity. Other clinical features associated with Poland's syndrome include deficiency or absence of the breast and nipple, deficiency of subcutaneous fat and axillary hair, and abnormalities of costal cartilages and anterior ends of ribs. The origin remains uncertain, but is considered not to be hereditary. Poland's syndrome may pose a serious psychologic and cosmetic problem, early recognition and surgical correction may prove beneficial. A 37 year old patient with Poland's syndrome was encountered and underwent satisfactory surgical correction.
Adult ; Breast ; Cartilage ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Hair ; Head ; Humans ; Nipples ; Poland Syndrome* ; Poland* ; Ribs ; Subcutaneous Fat ; Thoracic Wall ; Upper Extremity

PURPOSE: Poland syndrome is rare disease which is characterized by absence of unilateral pertoralis major muscle accompanied by ipsilateral syndactyly or brachydactyly, which was described first by Alfred Poland in 1841. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed the physical examination, laboratory test and radiologic evaluation to 18 year old male, who complaint asymmetry of right anterior chest. RESULTS: We diagnosed the Poland syndrome due to absence of right pectoralis major muscle and brachydactyly of right hand. CONCLUSION: Current authors report a patient who had hypopalsia of pectoralis muscles, which needed differential diagnosis with pectoralis major rupture.
Brachydactyly ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles ; Pectoralis Muscles ; Physical Examination ; Poland ; Poland Syndrome ; Rare Diseases ; Rupture ; Syndactyly ; Thorax

Poland syndrome is characterized by an absent of the pectoralis major muscle, with ipsilateral defect of the upper extremity, usually syndactyly. The incidence of this syndrome has been estimated at 1 per 32,000 persons and more than 400 patients have been described worldwide after Alfred Poland's report. but there was no report of Poland syndrome associated with Diabetic Mellitus in childhood. Recently, we experienced a 14 year-old female patient who showed typical Poland syndrome, a left pectoralis muscle hypoplasia and left synbrachydactyly, associated with Diabetes mellitus complicated by ketoacidosis.
Adolescent ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ketosis ; Pectoralis Muscles ; Poland Syndrome* ; Poland* ; Syndactyly ; Upper Extremity

Poland syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by unilateral chest wall hypoplasia and ipsilateral upper extremity abnormalities, usually on the right side. It can be combined with other anomalies such as scapular deformity of the affected side, and hypoplasia or absence of nipple. Typical surgery for a Poland syndrome patient aims to correct the chest wall defect and/or other abnormalities. Ventilation problem such as paradoxical chest movement can occur during anesthesia. We report management of general anesthesia of a Poland syndrome patient with right chest wall defect undergoing inframammary fold reposition and liposuction.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Lipectomy ; Nipples ; Poland ; Poland Syndrome ; Thoracic Wall ; Thorax ; Upper Extremity ; Ventilation

Poland syndrome produces deformities of the breast and chest wall that can be highly disfiguring in young women. Incision from traditional surgical approaches can be unsightly, especially if a muscle harvest is used as part of the reconstruction. We report a case of a 19-year-old woman with Poland syndrome. In her case we used minimally invasive techniques to reconstruct her hypoplastic breast. A single midaxillary vertical incision was used to harvest and then transfer the latissimus muscle for breast reconstruction. Relatively, symmetric breast was achieved and the scar was well hidden by the arm. The aesthetic results were satisfactory.
Arm ; Breast* ; Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Female* ; Humans ; Mammaplasty* ; Poland Syndrome* ; Poland* ; Superficial Back Muscles ; Thoracic Wall ; Young Adult