Carbonoxyd generated from uncompleted fire of organic products. There were two pathological conditions of carboneoxyd (C) intoxication, including acute intoxication: patients were unconscious after inhaling only 1-2 times and the chronic intoxication was common in which patients experienced headache and nausea... the occupational diseases were increasingly because of the environmental pollution was increasing. This study introduced some preventive solutions such as good waste disposal, reduction of traffic facilities and smoking. It should use the antitoxic mask and examine the health periodically.
Poisoning ; epidemiology

Study on the whole case reports of patients with acute poisoning have been treated at Thanh Nhan hospital in Hanoi during the past 3 years (from January 1996 to December 1998). The results: acute poisoning were more frequently at Thanh Nhan hospital. There were 1230 acute intoxicated patients acquired 2% in comparison with the total patients of the Internal Pediatric Emergency and acquired 13.23% in comparison with the total inpatients at the hospitals. Relative factors and the main causes of acute poisoning: most of patients were inhabitants in Hanoi, in which those in town. The majority of cases were between 16-29 years old, then 30-49 years and over 60 years. Males were distinctly more than females. The major in these patients were free labourers. Suicide was the most causes of acute poisoning. The poisons were entered essentially in the gastro-intestinal tract by oral route 80.1%, intravenous penetration acquired 17.86%, by respiratory route 1.79%, skin and mucosal. The major toxic substances were opium, opiates, seduxen, alcohol, gacdenan, ratpoisons and insecticide
Poisoning ; Epidemiology ; Therapeutics

Arsenic pollution in tube well water was observed at both Red river and Mekong river deltas with different levels. The average concentrations were determined as 1.3 µg/L; 6.8 µg/L; 72 µg/L; 165 µg/L; 277 µg/L; 421.5 µg/L at Triton (Angiang); Tuliem (Hanoi); Tanhong (Dongthap); Thanhtri (Hanoi); Hoaiduc (Hatay) and Lynhan (Hanam) respectively. Filtration groundwater by sand has removed a major portion of arsenic. The arsenic accumulation in hair sample is useful biomarker for assessment of chronic intoxication of arsenic form drinking and daily use water. It is proved by closely correlation between arsenic contents in hair and consumed water (R2= 0.935). More detail screening of arsenic pollution in tube well water, evaluation of health effect and education for people to use free arsenic water are the most important approaches.
Arsenic ; Poisoning ; Water ; Epidemiology

A description and analysis were realized to determine the intoxication of lead and arsenic in workers who were exposed to various enviromental factors in Thai Nguyen colored metallurgy factories. These workers had > 5 years old professional age in the field of exploiting and processing the metal. Study showed a high level of intoxication. The mean value of urine ALA oscillated in the range from 7.15 – 7.8 mg/l. There were 20-51 cases with pathological manifestation of lead and arsenic intoxication in the years 1998-2000.
Lead Poisoning/epidemiology ; Lead ; Arsenic Poisoning/epidemiology ; Epidemiology

Acute Disease ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; epidemiology

Barium ; poisoning ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans

Accidents, Occupational ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Poisoning ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo analyze severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to organic solvents reported in China between 1989 and 2003, and to study the characteristics of severe acute occupational poisoning accidents and provide scientific evidences for prevention and control strategies.

METHODSThe data from the national occupational poisoning case reporting system were analyzed with descriptive methods.

RESULTS(1) There were 58 severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to organic solvents for 15 years with 393 workers poisoned and 48 workers died. The total poisoning rate was 51.2%, and the total mortality was 12.2%. The average poisoning age was (30.9 +/- 8.8) years old and the average death age was (30.6 +/- 12.0) years old. (2) There were 11 types of chemicals that caused these poisoning accidents, and most of the accidents were caused by benzene and homologs. (3) Most of the accidents occurred in manufacture, chemical industry, construction industry, transportation and storage industry, service and commerce. The risk was higher in some jobs than in others, such as paint spraying and cleanout. The poisoning accidents occurred more frequently from April to July each year. (4) The main causes of the accidents were poor ventilation (23.6%), lack of personal protection equipment (21.2%), lack of safety education (19.2%), and lack of safety work practice (15.8%) etc.

CONCLUSIONThe ventilation at the workplace involved in organic solvents should be maintained and the skin contacting directly with the organic solvents should be avoided, and it is encouraged to replace the poison with the nontoxic or lower toxic chemicals.

Accidents, Occupational ; Adult ; Benzene ; poisoning ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Organic Chemicals ; poisoning ; Paint ; poisoning ; Solvents ; poisoning ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics of acute poisonings caused by various poisons in Guangxi, China.

METHODSA retrospective investigation was performed in 5859 cases of acute poisonings who were admitted to 63 hospitals in 11 cities, as well as 531 types of poisons involved. The poisons were categorized into 6 groups; each group of cases was stratified by the rural or urban settings, frequency of poisoning, and cause of poisoning to analyze the numbers of cases and constituent ratios.

RESULTSMost types of poisons (68.74%) belonged to drugs (217 types) and pesticides (148 types). Most cases of poisonings (61.63%) were caused by pesticides (n = 2547) and chemicals (n = 1064). Pesticides, poisons of plant origins, and poisons of animal origins were responsible for most of the cases in rural settings; 88.46%, 79.10%, and 66.74% of the cases of these poison categories happened in rural settings. Chemicals, drugs, and other poisons were responsible for most of the cases in urban settings; 70.20%, 61.74%, and 63.73% of the cases of these poison categories happened in urban settings. The numbers of cases in 5-year-poisoning groups were the highest in all categories of poisons, accounting for 85.24%, 88.57%, 55.16%, 70.79%, 68.36%, and 66.44%of cases of respective categories. Most cases of poisonings by chemicals, poisons of animal origin, and other poisons were accident-related (86.24%, 72.66%, and 46.71%of the poison categories). Most cases of poisonings by pesticides and drugs were suicide-related (59.39% and 33.52% of the poison categories). Most cases by poisons of plant origin were caused by accidental ingestion (70.36% of the poison category).

CONCLUSIONMost of the acute poisonings in Guangxi area are caused by pesticides and chemicals; the most common causes of poisoning are accidents, accidental ingestion, and suicide. There are significant differences in the causes of acute poisonings between the urban and rural settings.

Accidents ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; epidemiology ; Poisons ; analysis ; Retrospective Studies

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; epidemiology