Carbonoxyd generated from uncompleted fire of organic products. There were two pathological conditions of carboneoxyd (C) intoxication, including acute intoxication: patients were unconscious after inhaling only 1-2 times and the chronic intoxication was common in which patients experienced headache and nausea... the occupational diseases were increasingly because of the environmental pollution was increasing. This study introduced some preventive solutions such as good waste disposal, reduction of traffic facilities and smoking. It should use the antitoxic mask and examine the health periodically.
Poisoning ; epidemiology

Study on the whole case reports of patients with acute poisoning have been treated at Thanh Nhan hospital in Hanoi during the past 3 years (from January 1996 to December 1998). The results: acute poisoning were more frequently at Thanh Nhan hospital. There were 1230 acute intoxicated patients acquired 2% in comparison with the total patients of the Internal Pediatric Emergency and acquired 13.23% in comparison with the total inpatients at the hospitals. Relative factors and the main causes of acute poisoning: most of patients were inhabitants in Hanoi, in which those in town. The majority of cases were between 16-29 years old, then 30-49 years and over 60 years. Males were distinctly more than females. The major in these patients were free labourers. Suicide was the most causes of acute poisoning. The poisons were entered essentially in the gastro-intestinal tract by oral route 80.1%, intravenous penetration acquired 17.86%, by respiratory route 1.79%, skin and mucosal. The major toxic substances were opium, opiates, seduxen, alcohol, gacdenan, ratpoisons and insecticide
Poisoning ; Epidemiology ; Therapeutics

Arsenic pollution in tube well water was observed at both Red river and Mekong river deltas with different levels. The average concentrations were determined as 1.3 µg/L; 6.8 µg/L; 72 µg/L; 165 µg/L; 277 µg/L; 421.5 µg/L at Triton (Angiang); Tuliem (Hanoi); Tanhong (Dongthap); Thanhtri (Hanoi); Hoaiduc (Hatay) and Lynhan (Hanam) respectively. Filtration groundwater by sand has removed a major portion of arsenic. The arsenic accumulation in hair sample is useful biomarker for assessment of chronic intoxication of arsenic form drinking and daily use water. It is proved by closely correlation between arsenic contents in hair and consumed water (R2= 0.935). More detail screening of arsenic pollution in tube well water, evaluation of health effect and education for people to use free arsenic water are the most important approaches.
Arsenic ; Poisoning ; Water ; Epidemiology

A description and analysis were realized to determine the intoxication of lead and arsenic in workers who were exposed to various enviromental factors in Thai Nguyen colored metallurgy factories. These workers had > 5 years old professional age in the field of exploiting and processing the metal. Study showed a high level of intoxication. The mean value of urine ALA oscillated in the range from 7.15 – 7.8 mg/l. There were 20-51 cases with pathological manifestation of lead and arsenic intoxication in the years 1998-2000.
Lead Poisoning/epidemiology ; Lead ; Arsenic Poisoning/epidemiology ; Epidemiology

Acute Disease ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; epidemiology

Barium ; poisoning ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans

Accidents, Occupational ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Poisoning ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo analyze severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to organic solvents reported in China between 1989 and 2003, and to study the characteristics of severe acute occupational poisoning accidents and provide scientific evidences for prevention and control strategies.

METHODSThe data from the national occupational poisoning case reporting system were analyzed with descriptive methods.

RESULTS(1) There were 58 severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to organic solvents for 15 years with 393 workers poisoned and 48 workers died. The total poisoning rate was 51.2%, and the total mortality was 12.2%. The average poisoning age was (30.9 +/- 8.8) years old and the average death age was (30.6 +/- 12.0) years old. (2) There were 11 types of chemicals that caused these poisoning accidents, and most of the accidents were caused by benzene and homologs. (3) Most of the accidents occurred in manufacture, chemical industry, construction industry, transportation and storage industry, service and commerce. The risk was higher in some jobs than in others, such as paint spraying and cleanout. The poisoning accidents occurred more frequently from April to July each year. (4) The main causes of the accidents were poor ventilation (23.6%), lack of personal protection equipment (21.2%), lack of safety education (19.2%), and lack of safety work practice (15.8%) etc.

CONCLUSIONThe ventilation at the workplace involved in organic solvents should be maintained and the skin contacting directly with the organic solvents should be avoided, and it is encouraged to replace the poison with the nontoxic or lower toxic chemicals.

Accidents, Occupational ; Adult ; Benzene ; poisoning ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Organic Chemicals ; poisoning ; Paint ; poisoning ; Solvents ; poisoning ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo describe the epidemiological characteristics of acute pesticide poisoning in Shaoxing, China during 2006-2011 and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of pesticide poisoning.

METHODSThe data on pesticide poisoning in Shaoxing during 2006-2011 were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and were then analyzed.

RESULTSA total of 2024 cases of acute pesticide poisoning were reported in Shaoxing during 2006-2011, and 44 cases were missed, accounting for 2.1% (44/2068) of all cases. Among the 2024 cases, 119 (5.9%) died; the fatality rates of productive poisoning and unproductive poisoning were 1.0% (3/289) and 6.7% (116/1735), respectively. The reported cases included 1038 (51.3%) females and 986 (48.7%) males, and there were no significant differences in the ratio between male and female cases of acute pesticide poisoning from 2006 to 2011 (χ2 = 9.16, P = 0.10). The 2024 cases had a mean age of 47.0±18.7 years; the male cases had a significantly higher mean age than the female cases (50.7±19.0 vs 43.4±17.8 years, t = 9.01, P < 0.001). Among the 2024 cases, 289 (14.3%) suffered productive poisoning, and 1735 (85.7%) suffered unproductive poisoning. In the 986 male cases, 219 (22.2%) suffered productive poisoning; in the 1038 female cases, 968 (93.3%) suffered unproductive poisoning. The pesticides that caused poisoning included insecticide (86.7%, 1754/2024), herbicide (5.1%, 104/2024), rodenticide (3.6%, 72/2024), and bactericide, mixed preparation, biochemical pesticides, and other four categories of pesticides (4.6%, 94/2024); of the 1754 cases caused by insecticide, 1455 (83.0%) were attributed to organophosphorus insecticide.

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of unproductive acute pesticide poisoning is high in Shaoxing, and it mainly affects females. Most cases of acute pesticide poisoning are aged 30∼60 years. Insecticide is the main cause of poisoning. It is necessary to enhance health knowledge popularization and safety management of pesticides.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; epidemiology

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; epidemiology