Herbicides ; poisoning ; Humans ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; complications ; therapy

Along with global environmental pollution resulting from economic development, heavy metal poisoning in children has become an increasingly serious health problem in the world. It can lead to renal injury, which tends to be misdiagnosed due to the lack of obvious or specific early clinical manifestations in children. Early prevention, diagnosis and intervention are valuable for the recovery of renal function and children's good health and growth. This paper reviews the mechanism of renal injury caused by heavy metal poisoning in children, as well as the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and prevention and treatment of renal injury caused by lead, mercury, cadmium, and chromium.
Cadmium Poisoning ; Child ; Chromium ; poisoning ; Heavy Metal Poisoning ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; Lead Poisoning ; Mercury Poisoning ; Poisoning ; complications

Humans ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; complications ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; complications ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; complications ; Subcutaneous Emphysema ; complications

Carbon monoxide (CO) has the toxic effects of tissue hypoxia and produces various systemic and neurological complications. The main clinical manifestations of acute CO poisoning consist of symptoms caused by alterations of the cardiovascular system such as initial tachycardia and hypertension, and central nervous system symptoms such as headache, dizziness, paresis, convulsion and unconsciousness. CO poisoning also produces myocardial ischemia, atrial fibrillation, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, erythrocytosis, leucocytosis, hyperglycemia, muscle necrosis, acute renal failure, skin lesion, and changes in perception of the visual and auditory systems. Of considerable chinical interest, severe neurological manifestations may occur days or weekes after acute CO poisoning. Delayed sequelae of CO poisoning are not rare, usually occur in middle or older, and are clinically characterized by symptom triad of mental deterioration, urinary incontinence, and gait disturbance. Occasionally, movement disorders, particularly parkinsonism, are observed. In addition, peripheral neuropathy following CO poisoning usually occurs in young adults.
Animal ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/complications/*physiopathology ; Human

Arsenic Poisoning ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria ; complications

Erythromelalgia ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Mercury Poisoning ; complications ; Middle Aged

Dichlorvos ; toxicity ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ; complications ; Humans ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; complications

Adult ; Female ; Gas Poisoning ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Aspergillosis ; complications

Aged ; Chlorpyrifos ; Dermatitis, Occupational ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Insecticides ; poisoning ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; complications

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Chlorpyrifos ; Humans ; Insecticides ; poisoning ; Male ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; complications ; Rhabdomyolysis ; chemically induced