AIMTo synthesize oxazolindinone derivatives and test their antibacterial activities.

METHODS3-Halo-4-methylaniline was acylated with benzyl chloroformate, followed by cyclization with (R)-glycidyl butyrate, acylation with methanesulfonyl chloride, substitution with NaN3, reduction with H2 + Pd/C or P(OMe)3 + HCl, acylation with Ac2O, and bromination with NBS to form bromides VIIIa and VIIIb, Substitution of the bromides with various amines including aliphatic amine and aromatic amine provided the target compounds IXa and IXb. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the target compounds was tested.

RESULTSFifty one new compounds were designed and synthesized. And their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and elemental analyses or MS. Some physical constants such as [alpha]D25 were reported also. Compounds VIIb, IXa1, IXa2, IXa7, IXb1, IXb3, IXb10, IXb16 and IXb23 had moderate in vitro antibacterial activity against G+ bacteria but they were less active than linezolid or norfloxacin.

CONCLUSIONInsertion of methylene group between 4-position of phenyl and morpholinyl group in linezolid derivatives can not increase the antibacterial activity.

Acetamides ; pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Linezolid ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Structure ; Oxazolidinones ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Staphylococcus ; drug effects ; Streptococcus ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo detect the zinc content in serum, seminal plasma and spermatozoa of asthenozoospermic and oligoasthenozoospermic patients, and analyse the relationship between zinc changes and sperm density as well as sperm motility.

METHODSSperm quality analysis was made according to the WHO standard of Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Human Semen and Sperm-cervical Mucus Interaction (4th edition), and then 90 asthenozoospermic patients, 60 oligoasthenozoospermic patients and 20 fertile men with normal sperm quality were screened out as the objects to be researched. The zinc content in their blood, seminal plasma and spermatozoa was detected by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. And then a statistical analysis was made on the test results.

RESULTSThe blood zinc content among the 3 groups had no significant difference; the seminal plasma zinc of asthenozoospermic and oligoasthenozoospermic patients were significantly lower than that of fertile men (P < 0.05); the spermatozoa zinc content of oligoasthenozoospermic patients was significantly higher than that of asthenozoospermic patients and fertile men (P < 0.01), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThere may be a positive relationship between the feebleness of sperm production and motility of asthenozoospermic and oligoasthenozoospermic patients and the lower content of seminal plasma zinc; however, the relationship between the higher spermatozoa zinc content and the function of sperm production and sperm motility is still not clear, on which a further study should be made.

Adult ; Asthenozoospermia ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Oligospermia ; metabolism ; Semen ; chemistry ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa ; chemistry ; Zinc ; analysis ; blood

OBJECTIVETo introduce a new flap for the repair of soft tissue defects in the hand.

METHODSThe distally pedicled ulnar flap is based on the ascending branch of the upper-wrist cutaneous branch of the ulnar artery. The retrograde flow is ensured by the dorsal carpal arch via the descending branch.

RESULTSFrom 2000 to 2003, the flap was used to treat 8 cases of hand defects, including 3 dorsal defects, 2 palmar defects and 3 the first web defects. All flaps survived and the appearance was satisfactory.

CONCLUSIONSThe reverse forearm flap pedicled with the ulnar branch of the ulnar artery provides a long vascular pedicle. The donor site scar is aesthetically acceptable.

Adult ; Female ; Forearm ; surgery ; Hand Injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Ulnar Artery ; surgery ; Wrist

Objective: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of a medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet on patients with drug-resistant epilepsy over a period of 1 year and 8 months. Methods: Patients with refractory epilepsy on a medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet were prospectively enrolled. Their clinical condition and the effectiveness of the ketogenic diet were followed-up every month for 1 year. Adverse events and the reasons for discontinuing the diet were recorded. Results: Fifty-three patients (27 males and 26 females) were enrolled. At the end of the study, 21 patients remained on the diet, 14 of whom were followed-up for 1 year. Among the 53 patients, 22.6% had a more than 50% reduction in seizure frequency, and 16.9% became seizure-free. Conclusions: After a 1-year follow-up, the use of a medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy was found to be a safe and effective therapy, and may be considered to bean alternative for patients with difficult-to-control seizures in children as well as young adults.
Epilepsy

Background/Aims: Obstacles exist in facilitating hepatitis C virus (HCV) care cascade. To increase timely and accurate diagnosis, disease awareness and accessibility, in-hospital HCV reflex testing followed by automatic appointments and a late call-back strategy (R.N.A. model) was applied. We aimed to compare the HCV treatment rate of patients treated with this strategy compared to those without. Methods: One hundred and twenty-five anti-HCV seropositive patients who adopted the R.N.A. model in 2020 and another 1,396 controls treated in 2019 were enrolled to compare the gaps in accurate HCV RNA diagnosis to final treatment allocation. Results: The HCV RNA testing rate was significantly higher in patients who received reflex testing than in those without reflex testing (100% vs. 84.8%, P<0.001). When patients were stratified according to the referring outpatient department, a significant improvement in the HCV RNA testing rate was particularly noted in patients from non-hepatology departments (100% vs. 23.3%, P<0.001). The treatment rate in HCV RNA seropositive patients was 83% (83/100) after the adoption of the R.N.A. model, among whom 96.1% and 73.9% of patients were from the hepatology and non-hepatology departments, respectively. Compared to subjects without R.N.A. model application, a significant improvement in the treatment rate was observed for patients from non-hepatology departments (73.9% vs. 27.8%, P=0.001). The application of the R.N.A. model significantly increased the in-hospital HCV treatment uptake from 6.4% to 73.9% for patients from non-hepatology departments (P<0.001). Conclusions The care cascade increased the treatment uptake and set up a model for enhancing in-hospital HCV elimination.

Background/Aims: Direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) have been approved for hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis. Nevertheless, the complicated comedications and their potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with DAAs might limit clinical practice in this special population. Methods: The number, class, and characteristics of comedications and their potential DDIs with five DAA regimens were analyzed among HCV-viremic patients from 23 hemodialysis centers in Taiwan. Results: Of 2,015 hemodialysis patients screened in 2019, 169 patients seropositive for HCV RNA were enrolled (mean age, 65.6 years; median duration of hemodialysis, 5.8 years). All patients received at least one comedication (median number, 6; mean class number, 3.4). The most common comedication classes were ESRD-associated medications (94.1%), cardiovascular drugs (69.8%) and antidiabetic drugs (43.2%). ESRD-associated medications were excluded from DDI analysis. Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir had the highest frequency of potential contraindicated DDIs (red, 5.6%), followed by glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (4.0%), sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (1.3%), sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (1.3%), and elbasvir/grazoprevir (0.3%). For potentially significant DDIs (orange, requiring close monitoring or dose adjustments), sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir had the highest frequency (19.9%), followed by sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (18.2%), glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (12.6%), sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (12.6%), and elbasvir/grazoprevir (7.3%). Overall, lipid-lowering agents were the most common comedication class with red-category DDIs to all DAA regimens (n=62), followed by cardiovascular agents (n=15), and central nervous system agents (n=10). Conclusions HCV-viremic patients on hemodialysis had a very high prevalence of comedications with a broad spectrum, which had varied DDIs with currently available DAA regimens. Elbasvir/grazoprevir had the fewest potential DDIs, and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir had the most potential DDIs.

"The Expert Group on Tumor Ablation Therapy of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, The Tumor Ablation Committee of Chinese College of Interventionalists, The Society of Tumor Ablation Therapy of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association and The Ablation Expert Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology" have organized multidisciplinary experts to formulate the consensus for thermal ablation of pulmonary subsolid nodules or ground-glass nodule (GGN). The expert consensus reviews current literatures and provides clinical practices for thermal ablation of GGN. The main contents include: (1) clinical evaluation of GGN, (2) procedures, indications, contraindications, outcomes evaluation and related complications of thermal ablation for GGN and (3) future development directions.
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