1.Benzyl Isothiocyanate-Induced Cytotoxicity via the Inhibition of Autophagy and Lysosomal Function in AGS Cells
Wah Wah PO ; Won Seok CHOI ; Tin Myo KHING ; Ji-Yun LEE ; Jong Hyuk LEE ; Joon Seok BANG ; Young Sil MIN ; Ji Hoon JEONG ; Uy Dong SOHN
Biomolecules & Therapeutics 2022;30(4):348-359
Gastric adenocarcinoma is among the top causes of cancer-related death and is one of the most commonly diagnosed carcinomas worldwide. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) has been reported to inhibit the gastric cancer metastasis. In our previous study, BITC induced apoptosis in AGS cells. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of BITC on autophagy mechanism in AGS cells. First, the AGS cells were treated with 5, 10, or 15 μM BITC for 24 h, followed by an analysis of the autophagy mechanism. The expression level of autophagy proteins involved in different steps of autophagy, such as LC3B, p62/SQSTM1, Atg5-Atg12, Beclin1, p-mTOR/mTOR ratio, and class III PI3K was measured in the BITC-treated cells. Lysosomal function was investigated using cathepsin activity and Bafilomycin A1, an autophagy degradation stage inhibitor. Methods including qPCR, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry were employed to detect the protein expression levels. Acridine orange staining and omnicathepsin assay were conducted to analyze the lysosomal function. siRNA transfection was performed to knock down the LC3B gene. BITC reduced the level of autophagy protein such as Beclin 1, class III PI3K, and Atg5-Atg12. BITC also induced lysosomal dysfunction which was shown as reducing cathepsin activity, protein level of cathepsin, and enlargement of acidic vesicle. Overall, the results showed that the BITC-induced AGS cell death mechanism also comprises the inhibition of the cytoprotective autophagy at both initiation and degradation steps.
2.Clinical Benefits of Amniotic Membrane Contact Lens
Hyun Chul JEONG ; Jae Hun LEE ; Soo Young CHOI ; Sung Po KIM ; Wan Ki PARK ; Woo Chan PARK
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2022;63(7):584-591
Purpose:
To investigate the clinical efficacy of MS-Amnion amniotic membrane contact lenses.
Methods:
MS-Amnion amniotic membrane contact lenses were placed for 1 week in patients with severe superficial punctate keratitis or corneal epithelial defects that did not respond to medical treatment. Eighteen eyes followed-up for ≥3 months were evaluated in terms of the best-corrected visual acuity, tear break-up time, and corneal sensation and opacity before and after application of the MS-Amnion amniotic membrane contact lens. The success and recurrence rates, and complications during follow-up, were recorded.
Results:
Out of 18 eyes, 15 (83.3%) healed within 2 weeks without any treatment other than the amniotic membrane; three eyes (16.7%) were unresponsive, and thus underwent temporary amniotic membrane transplantation. Recurrence developed in three eyes (20%). The amniotic membrane contact lens dropped out in five eyes (27.8%) and folded over in two (11.1%). The mean best-corrected visual acuity improved from 0.89 to 0.27 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution after 3 months, while the mean corneal opacity decreased from 0.38 to 0.11 after 3 months; the changes were statistically significant. The tear break-up time and corneal sensation also improved, but they were not statistically significant. We encountered no significant complications.
Conclusions
The MS-Amnion amniotic membrane contact lenses can heal the amniotic membrane and do not require suturing when applied in the outpatient clinic. This may be beneficial for patients with intractable ocular surface disorders.
3.Transfusion-related acute lung injury in a parturient diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome: A case report.
Tae Yun SUNG ; Young Seok JEE ; Seok jin LEE ; Hwang Ju YOU ; Ki Soon JEONG ; Po Soon KANG
Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 2019;14(1):35-39
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is defined as a new episode of acute lung injury that occurs during or within 6 hours of a completed transfusion, which is one of the leading causes of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality. We present a case of TRALI in a 29-year-old parturient with myelodysplastic syndrome scheduled for cesarean section. The parturient developed hypoxemia and dyspnea after preoperative transfusion of platelets following apheresis to eliminate a unit of leucocyte in order to correct thrombocytopenia. She underwent emergent caesarean section for fetal distress. After surgery, the chest radiograph showed diffuse haziness of both lung fields. Direct and indirect antiglobulin tests were negative, and hemolytic transfusion reaction was ruled out. Pro-BNP 347.3 pg/ml also excluded transfusion-associated circulatory overload. The parturient completely recovered after oxygen support for 2 days. It is important to recognize TRALI as soon as possible to minimize perioperative morbidity and mortality.
Acute Lung Injury*
;
Adult
;
Anoxia
;
Blood Component Removal
;
Cesarean Section
;
Coombs Test
;
Dyspnea
;
Female
;
Fetal Distress
;
Humans
;
Lung
;
Mortality
;
Myelodysplastic Syndromes*
;
Oxygen
;
Pregnancy
;
Radiography, Thoracic
;
Thrombocytopenia
;
Transfusion Reaction
4.Sexual Abuse Is Associated With an Abnormal Psychological Profile and Sleep Difficulty in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Taiwan
Hsing Feng LEE ; Pei Yi LIU ; Yen Po WANG ; Chia Fen TSAI ; Full Young CHANG ; Ching Liang LU
Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 2018;24(1):79-86
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Both sexual and physical abuse history have been reported to be associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in Western countries. The impact of abuse history in IBS patients in Asia remains unclear. We aim to determine the prevalence of abuse history, its associated psychological profiles, and sleep problems among IBS patients in Taiwan. METHODS: In total, 194 Rome III-defined IBS patients were invited to participate. Age- and sex-matched healthy carriers of chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C without chronic abdominal symptoms were identified as disease-controls. We administered a validated questionnaire to evaluate bowel symptoms, physical/sexual abuse history, anxiety/depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), and sleep quality. RESULTS: IBS patients had a significantly higher prevalence of sexual abuse history than the disease-control group both before (16.5% vs 6.7%, P < 0.05) and after (16.0% vs 6.6%, P < 0.05) adolescence. These significant differences were mainly observed in women (13.4% vs 3.4%, P < 0.05). No difference was noted in history of physical abuse between the 2 groups. IBS patients with a history of sexual abuse had significantly higher HADS scores and higher frequencies of sleep difficulty than those without. CONCLUSIONS: In Taiwan, sexual abuse history was more prevalent in female IBS patients than controls. Sexual abuse history may contribute to higher anxiety/depression levels and sleep difficulties, which are commonly experienced in IBS patients. In Asia, abuse history should be obtained when approaching IBS patients to facilitate better management.
Adolescent
;
Anxiety
;
Asia
;
Depression
;
Female
;
Hepatitis B, Chronic
;
Hepatitis C
;
Humans
;
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
;
Physical Abuse
;
Prevalence
;
Sex Offenses
;
Taiwan
5.Features of Golf-Related Shoulder Pain in Korean Amateur Golfers.
Chang Hwa LEE ; Jin Young HONG ; Po Song JEON ; Ki Hun HWANG ; Won Sik MOON ; Yong Hyun HAN ; Ho Joong JEONG
Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine 2017;41(3):394-401
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the causes and characteristics of golf-related shoulder injuries in Korean amateur golfers. METHODS: Golf-related surveys were administered to, and ultrasonography were conducted on, 77 Korean amateur golfers with golf-related shoulder pain. The correlation between the golf-related surveys and ultrasonographic findings were investigated. RESULTS: The non-dominant shoulder is more likely to have golf-related pain and abnormal findings on ultrasonography than is the dominant shoulder. Supraspinatus muscle tear was the most frequent type of injury on ultrasonography, followed by subscapularis muscle tear. Investigation of the participants' golf-related habits revealed that only the amount of time spent practicing golf was correlated with supraspinatus muscle tear. No correlation was observed between the most painful swing phases and abnormal ultrasonographic findings. Participants who had not previously visited clinics were more likely to present with abnormal ultrasonographic findings, and many of the participants complained of additional upper limb pain. CONCLUSION: Golf-related shoulder injuries and pain are most likely to be observed in the non-dominant shoulder. The supraspinatus muscle was the most susceptible muscle to damage. A correlation was observed between time spent practicing golf and supraspinatus muscle tear.
Golf
;
Shoulder Pain*
;
Shoulder*
;
Tears
;
Ultrasonography
;
Upper Extremity
6.A Case of Polymorphous Low Grade Adenocarcinoma in Submandibular Gland.
Hun Po CHO ; Young Min LEE ; Jun Ki LEE ; Jun Ho PARK
Korean Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2014;57(11):778-782
Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is a distinctive salivary gland neoplasm with a propensity to arise from minor salivary glands, particularly of the palate. Reports of PLGA have increased with the establishment of specific histopathological criteria characterizing the PLGA, but there are only a few reports of major salivary gland origin. PLGA shares histological features with adenoid cystic carcinoma, so histopathologic diagnosis is essential and immunohistochemistry is an important tool when making differential diagnosis. The treatment of choice is wide surgical excision, and long-term follow up is necessary to evaluate local recurrences. We herein report a case of PLGA arising in a submandibular gland with a review of the relevant literature.
Adenocarcinoma*
;
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic
;
Diagnosis
;
Diagnosis, Differential
;
Follow-Up Studies
;
Immunohistochemistry
;
Palate
;
Recurrence
;
Salivary Gland Neoplasms
;
Salivary Glands
;
Salivary Glands, Minor
;
Submandibular Gland*
7.A Case of Immunoglobulin G4-Related Sialadenitis and Dacryoadenitis.
Kyoung Kyu LEE ; Hun Po CHO ; Young Min LEE ; Jun Ho PARK
Korean Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2013;56(7):444-447
Hypertrophy of salivary gland was developed by sialadenitis, sialolithiasis, autoimmune diasease and other tumorous conditions. Mikulicz's disease has been used to describe symptomless hypertrophy of the salivary gland and lacrimal gland. In the past, it was thought that Mikulicz's disease is included within the diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome. However, Mikulicz's disease represents Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related hypertrophy of salivary gland and lacrimal gland by an elevated level of IgG4 in the serum of the patient and good responsiveness to glucocorticoid, eventually leading to recovery of gland function. We have experienced a case of IgG4-related sialadenitis and dacryoadenitis with bilateral hypertrophy of parotid, submandibular and lacrimal glands. We report this case with a brief review of the literature.
Dacryocystitis
;
Humans
;
Hypertrophy
;
Immunoglobulin G
;
Immunoglobulins
;
Lacrimal Apparatus
;
Salivary Gland Calculi
;
Salivary Glands
;
Sialadenitis
;
Sjogren's Syndrome
8.Antinociceptive effect of phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone, a free radical scavenger, on the rat formalin test.
Young Kwon KO ; Ann Misun YOUN ; Boo Hwi HONG ; Yoon Hee KIM ; Yong Sup SHIN ; Po Soon KANG ; Keon Jung YOON ; Won Hyung LEE
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 2012;62(6):558-564
BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and nitroperoxide, cause oxidative stress which interferes with normal cell functioning, resulting in cell damage. It is reported to be associated with chronic pain, especially neuropathic pain, and inflammatory pain. ROS is also closely related to central sensitization. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the effects of Phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), an ROS scavenger, in acute, continuous, and increasing pain caused by central sensitization. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups, an intraperitoneal group (IP) and an intrathecal group (IT), and once again divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was injected with Phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), a free radical scavenger, either intraperitoneally or intrathecally. After inducing pain by injecting formalin into the hind paw, pain behaviors were measured. Lumbar enlargement immmunohistochemistry was performed to assess nitrotyrosine, an oxidative stress marker, to identify the degree of protein nitration. RESULTS: Both experimental groups of IP and IT showed statistically significant decreases in the number of flinches compared to the control group in phase 1 and 2. Immunohistochemical evaluation in the control group revealed an increase in nitrated proteins in the gray matter of the lumbar spinal cord, but a significant decrease in nitrated proteins in the gray matter of lumbar spinal cord of the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS: Intraperitoneal and intrathecal administration of PBN decreases analgesic behaviors, allowing us to believe that ROS is mainly responsible for acute pain and central sensitization.
Acute Pain
;
Animals
;
Central Nervous System Sensitization
;
Chronic Pain
;
Formaldehyde
;
Humans
;
Hydrogen Peroxide
;
Male
;
Neuralgia
;
Nitric Oxide
;
Oxidative Stress
;
Pain Measurement
;
Proteins
;
Rats
;
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
;
Reactive Oxygen Species
;
Spinal Cord
;
Superoxides
;
Tyrosine
9.Antinociceptive effect of phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone, a free radical scavenger, on the rat formalin test.
Young Kwon KO ; Ann Misun YOUN ; Boo Hwi HONG ; Yoon Hee KIM ; Yong Sup SHIN ; Po Soon KANG ; Keon Jung YOON ; Won Hyung LEE
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 2012;62(6):558-564
BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and nitroperoxide, cause oxidative stress which interferes with normal cell functioning, resulting in cell damage. It is reported to be associated with chronic pain, especially neuropathic pain, and inflammatory pain. ROS is also closely related to central sensitization. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the effects of Phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), an ROS scavenger, in acute, continuous, and increasing pain caused by central sensitization. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups, an intraperitoneal group (IP) and an intrathecal group (IT), and once again divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was injected with Phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), a free radical scavenger, either intraperitoneally or intrathecally. After inducing pain by injecting formalin into the hind paw, pain behaviors were measured. Lumbar enlargement immmunohistochemistry was performed to assess nitrotyrosine, an oxidative stress marker, to identify the degree of protein nitration. RESULTS: Both experimental groups of IP and IT showed statistically significant decreases in the number of flinches compared to the control group in phase 1 and 2. Immunohistochemical evaluation in the control group revealed an increase in nitrated proteins in the gray matter of the lumbar spinal cord, but a significant decrease in nitrated proteins in the gray matter of lumbar spinal cord of the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS: Intraperitoneal and intrathecal administration of PBN decreases analgesic behaviors, allowing us to believe that ROS is mainly responsible for acute pain and central sensitization.
Acute Pain
;
Animals
;
Central Nervous System Sensitization
;
Chronic Pain
;
Formaldehyde
;
Humans
;
Hydrogen Peroxide
;
Male
;
Neuralgia
;
Nitric Oxide
;
Oxidative Stress
;
Pain Measurement
;
Proteins
;
Rats
;
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
;
Reactive Oxygen Species
;
Spinal Cord
;
Superoxides
;
Tyrosine
10.Effects of increasing the dose of ropivacaine on vertical infraclavicular block using neurostimulation.
Chun Woo YANG ; Po Soon KANG ; Hee Uk KWON ; Kyu Chang LEE ; Myeong Jong LEE ; Hye Young KIM ; Eun Kyung CHOI ; Hyun Kyoung LIM ; Chul Woung KIM
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 2012;63(1):36-42
BACKGROUND: Use of an infraclavicular block is appropriate for surgery of the upper limb. However, it does not consistently block the entire brachial plexus. The aim of this study was to investigate whether increasing the dose of ropivacaine could enhance the success rate, onset time, and efficacy of the sensory and motor block during the use of a vertical infraclavicular block using neurostimulation in upper limb surgery. METHODS: Two hundreds and ten patients were prospectively randomized into three groups: Group 1 (30 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine; n = 70), Group 2 (40 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine; n = 70), and Group 3 (40 ml of 0.75% ropivacaine; n = 70). Patients in each group received a vertical infraclavicular block using neurostimulation and obtained a distal motor response of the ulnar or median nerve. Recorded outcome measures included block success rate, onset time, sensory and motor blocks, and adverse events. RESULTS: No differences were found in the block success rate among the three groups (92.8%, 97.1%, and 94.2% for Groups 1, 2, and, 3, respectively; P = 0.346). There were no significant differences in onset time (P = 0.225) among groups, nor was there enhancement in the sensory block, but the motor block was enhanced. Local anesthetic toxicity was observed in five female patients from group 3 (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Although the efficacy of the motor block was significantly improved, success rate, onset time, and efficacy of sensory block were not enhanced significantly among groups despite differences in volume and volume/concentration of the local anesthetic.
Amides
;
Brachial Plexus
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Median Nerve
;
Nerve Block
;
Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
;
Prospective Studies
;
Upper Extremity

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