0.05),(94.7?21.9)ms(P

Narcotic analgesics may be added to spinal anesthetics solution to improve the quality of sensorimotor blockade and to produce postoperative pain relief. The opioid-related side effects of respiratory depression, pruritus, nausea, and urinary retension also occur with intrathecal administration and the effects are dose-related. It is difficult to select morphine with spinal anesthetic solution due to fatal side-effect, respiratory depression. Intrathecal morphine dose used for our study was less than 1mg, thereby the risk of respiratory depression was decreased. There was no report that the addition of morphine affected the motor block produced by the local anesthetics in spinal anesthesia. But in our study, we found that 0.9 mg of intrathecal morphine produced prolongation of optimal condition for operation(more than 3 hours duration), and sufficient postoperative pain relief(for about 20 hours) without respiratory depression in 28 out of 30 spinal anesthesia cases. On the other hand, 0.5 mg or 0.7 mg of intrathecal morphine produced sufficient postoperative pain relief without respiratory depression(for about 20 hours), but insufficient prolongation of optimal condition for operation in each 30 cases of spinal anesthesia.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Anesthetics ; Anesthetics, Local ; Hand ; Morphine* ; Narcotics ; Nausea ; Pain, Postoperative ; Pruritus ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Tetracaine*

We measured the intraocular pressure changes in forty female patients (aged from 20 to 50) without a history of ocular or cardiovascular disease who were classified physical status 1 and 2, and scheduled for elective surgery. They were divided into 4 groups. Group l (n=10); metocurime 0.03 mg/kg as a priming dose and metocurine 0.27 mg/ kg as a intubating dose. Group 2 (n= 10); vecuronium 0.008 mg/kg as a priming dose and vecuronium 0.072 mg as a intubating dose. Group 3 (n=10); vecuronium 0.008mg/kg as a priming dose and metocurine 0.27 mg/kg as a intubating dose. Group 4 (n=10); metocurine 0.03mg/kg as a priming dose and vecuronium 0.072 mg/kg as a intubating dose. In this study, metocurine and vecuronium were used with the priming principle. We also measured changes in blood pressure, pulse rate and T1% of Train of four stimulation and evaluated the discomfort after the administration of the priming dose and the difficulties of intubation. The results were as follows, 1) Compared with the control value, there was no increse in intraocular pressure following intubation in all four groups and intraocular pressure of 2 and 4 minutes following intubation decreased significantly in all four groups. The greatest decrease was seen in group 3, but it was not significant when compared to the other three groups. 2) While a transient increase in blood pressure was seen in all four groups, the lowest increase was seen in group 3 as compared to the control value. Blood pressure 4 minutes following intubation decreased significantly in grop 3. 3) A significant decrease in the T1% of the Train of four stimuli at one minute after administration of the intubating dose was seen in group 3 compared to the other three groups. 4) Group 3 showed the lowest number of difficult intubation. In conclusion, the combination of vecuronium and metoeurine with the priming principle provide optimal conditions for smooth and rapid intubation with no elevation of intraocular pressure, blood pressure and heart rate changes for ocular surgery.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Intubation ; Iodine* ; Vecuronium Bromide*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy mechanisme of chicory extract interventing abdominal obesity rat from the aspect of gut bacteria.

METHODMale SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, namely the normal group, model group, large and small dose group of chicory and the fenofibrate group. Normal group was given deionized water, the other group was given fructose water and give the medical treatment of chicory and fenofibrate. Assay triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL by biochemical methods and measure body weight and abdominal circumference and microscopicly observe the count changes of gut bacteria through real-time PCR method.

RESULTCompared with normal group, the triglyceride level and abdominal circumference were significantly higher (P < 0.05), weight and high-density lipoprotein increased but no significant changes and E. coli, lactobacillus increased significantly. Compared with model group, chicory extract large and small dose group and the fenofibrate group can significantly reduce triglyceride levels (P < 0.05), reduce the number of E. coli and Lactobacillus and increase the number of bifidobacteria. The fenofibrate group can significantly reduce total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein levels.

CONCLUSIONThe chicory's treatment effect on abdominal obesity is significant. The efficacy mechanisme intervention abdominal obesity may be related to the reduction of the number of lactic acid bacteria and E. coli and the increase of bifidobacteria.

Animals ; Bacteria ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Biodiversity ; Chicory ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Microbiota ; Obesity, Abdominal ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Plant Extracts ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Triglycerides ; metabolism

BACKGROUND: Most surgical patients experience preoperative anxiety. This anxiety can effect the amount of preanesthetic medication and anesthetic agents needed, and contribute to postoperative pain. Music has been recognized as a way to reduce anxiety and fear. The effect of hymn and sutra-chanting on the preanesthetic patient's anxiety in the operating room were studied. METHODS: 98 patients were divided into two groups according to the religionist or atheism. Group I(n=50, religionist) and Group II(n=48, atheism) listened to hymn or sutra-chanting according to the patient's religion and choice. At ward, hemodynamic variables including systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate were measured as control values. Hemodynamic variables and measurements of anxiety score with Hamilton anxiety rating scale were made at pre-music and post-music in the operating room. Also, patient's response to the music was measured on the postoperative 5-6th day. RESULTS: There were no difference between ward, pre-music, and post-music in terms of systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and pulse rate except the systolic pressure at pre-music that is grater than that of controls in both groups. Both group, anxiety score at post-music was significantly lower than that of pre-music (10.2+/-3.4 vs 4.4+/-2.9, 11.0+/-3.2 vs 5.7+/-3.1). At post-music, anxiety score in Group I showed significant reduced compaired with Group II (p<0.05). Patients showed relatively good satisfaction with music in both groups. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that music with hymn and Sutra-chanting were effective to reduce preanesthetic anxiety in both religionist group and atheism group.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Anxiety* ; Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Music ; Operating Rooms* ; Pain, Postoperative ; Preanesthetic Medication ; Premedication

The need for a short-acting non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent to replace succinylcholine chloride(succinylcholine) is recognized widely and attempts to find such a drug have been numerous. Atracurium besylate(atracurium) is one of the new series of neuromuscular blocking agents with little cardiovascular effect and is not dependent on hepatic and renal function for terminating its action because of its self-destroying mechanism. Because succinylchline may occasionally be contraindieated for intubation in parturients we studied the use of atracurium in 23 patients having cesarean section. All patients received 0. 5 mg/kg atracurium for intubation and neuromuscular relaxation. Hemodynamic changes, the time from the injection of atracurium to maximal twitch suppression, the time between atracurium administration and the return to 10% of control twitch height were recorded and observed the degree of vocal cord relaxation and conditions of intubation and evaluated the Apgar scores. 1) Mean arterial pressure and heart rate increased significantly after intubation compared with that of control and just before intubation but there were no significant changes in 5 minutes after intubation. 2) The 90% twitch suppression following atracurium administration was 75.6+/-20.9 seconds. 3) The return of 10% of control twitch height was 2449.3+/-1114.0 seconds. 4) Intubation conditions were excellent for 19 patients. 5) The Apgar scores of 20 neonates were high. These data suggest that the use of atracurium may be a useful alternative for induction for Cesarean section when succinylcholine is contraindicated.
Arterial Pressure ; Atracurium* ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ; Pregnancy ; Relaxation ; Succinylcholine ; Vocal Cords

Intrathecal clonidine injection induces analgesia without significant respiratory depression, but decreases blood pressure and causes sedation. Injection of spinal cholinesterase inhibitor alone increases blood pressure in animals, and enhances clonidine induced analgesia. To evaluate the effect of pretreated pyridostigmine on the change of blood pressure and heart rate, clonidine was injected intrathecally in cats. We divided fifteen cats into three groups and administered saline(0.5 cc) to group 1, pyridostigmine(0.5 cc, 2.5 mg) to group 2, pyridostigmine(0.5 cc, 2.5 mg) and glycopyrrolate(0.5 cc, 0.1 mg) to group 3 before 20 minute of clonidine injection and measured mean arterial pressure, heart rate, P CO2 and central venous pressure. The results were as follows: 1)After clonidine injection, all mean arterial pressure values were significantly reduced in group 1, but in group 3, 20, 30 and 40 minutes values were significantly reduced, and 10, 40 minutes values after clonidine injection were not reduced significantly in group 2 compared to group 1. 2)After clonidine injection, heart rates were significantly reduced in all groups, but there was no significant difference between group 1, group 2 and group 3. 3)There was no significant difference of central venous pressure in any groups. 4)There was no significant difference for reversal of pyridostigmines effect by glycopyrrolate. Based on these results, these data suggest that pyridostigmine pretreatment counteracts clonidine induced hypotension, but further study of spinal az adrenergic-cholinergic combination for pain therapy is needed before clinical application.
Analgesia ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure* ; Cats* ; Central Venous Pressure ; Cholinesterases ; Clonidine* ; Glycopyrrolate ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Hypotension ; Pyridostigmine Bromide* ; Respiratory Insufficiency

OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between serum vitamin D level and severity of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in young children, and explore related risk factors for CAP.

METHODSOne hundred and three children with CAP between October 2011 and April 2012 were enrolled in the study, including 15 cases of severe CAP and 88 cases of mild CAP. Ninety healthy children were used as the control group. 25-(OH)D(3) concentrations were measured by enzyme linked immunoassay.

RESULTSThe mean vitamin D concentration in the severe CAP group was significantly lower than in the mild CAP and control groups (P < 0.01), and there was no significant difference between the mild CAP and control groups (P = 0.674). Premature birth and vitamin D < 50 nmol/L were risk factors for severe CAP in the multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONSVitamin D deficiency might be associated with the severity of CAP in young children.

Child, Preschool ; Community-Acquired Infections ; blood ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Pneumonia ; blood ; etiology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Vitamin D ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; complications

The dose-response for glycopyrrolate and heart rate in anesthetized children has not heen defined. We determined the dose-response for glyeopyrrolate and heart rate in 50 children, ASA physical status l and 2, anesthetized with halothane and nitrous oxide. Anesthesia was induced with 60-70% nitrous oxide in oxygen and halothane(1.5-2.0 vo1%). After induction of aneethesia, glycopyrrolate in a dose of 4, 6, 8, 12 or 16ug Xkg(-1) was administered by rapid infusion to each subject. The effects of glycopyrrolate on heart rate, heart rhythm and systolic blood pressure were compared among dosage groups, and dose-response curve for peak heart rate was constructed, Glycopyrrolate increased the heart rate in a dose-related manner upto 12 ug X kg(-1) except 16 ugX kg(-1). Fifty percent maximal response corresponded to 6.1 ug X kg(-1), and 95% maximal response corresponded to 11.1 ug X kg(-1) . None of the patients had nonsinus rhythm after glycopyrrolate injection. Except for glycopyrrolate given at 4 ug x kg(-1), the systolic blood pressure increased significantly after all other doses. Glycopyrrolate in doses greater than or equal to 6 ug X kg(-1) increased the heart rate and systolic blood pressure in children anesthetized with halothane and nitrous oxide.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Blood Pressure ; Child* ; Glycopyrrolate ; Halothane* ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Nitrous Oxide* ; Oxygen

No abstract available.
Lipoma* ; Neck*