Telemedicine is one of the five key components of the "Internet Plus Healthcare".Due to its high speed,real-timeness,low cost,and wide spread,telemedicine is highly feasible in the prevention and control of major infectious diseases.This article introduces the practiceof telemedicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital during the cornavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic,during which the network resources were applied to break geographical restrictions and resolve communication barriers between hospitals and departments.This article summarizes the telemedicine application before,during and after COVID-19 control and elucidates how to build a telemedicine prevention and control system for infectious diseases,with an attempt to further improve telemedicine and is application in the public health emergency system in China.
Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; drug therapy ; Telemedicine

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; drug therapy

In December 2019, an outbreak of viral pneumonia began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, which caused the spread of infectious pneumonia to a certain extent in China and neighboring countries and regions, and triggered the epidemic crisis. The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease listed as a B infectious disease, which is managed according to standards for A infectious disease. Traditional Chinese medicine and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine have played an active role in the prevention and control of this epidemic. China's ethnomedicine has recognized infectious diseases since ancient times, and formed a medical system including theory, therapies, formula and herbal medicines for such diseases. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Chuxiong Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan, Qiandongnan Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou have issued the prevention and control programs for COVID-19 using Tibetan, Mongolian, Uygur, Yi and Miao medicines. These programs reflect the wisdom of ethnomedicine in preventing and treating diseases, which have successfully extracted prescriptions and preventive measures for the outbreak of the epidemic from their own medical theories and traditional experiences. In this paper, we summarized and explained the prescriptions and medicinal materials of ethnomedicine in these programs, and the origin of Tibetan medicine prescriptions and Mongolian medicine prescriptions in ancient books were studied. These become the common characteristics of medical prevention and treatment programs for ethnomedicine to formulate therapeutic programs under the guidance of traditional medicine theories, recommend prescriptions and prevention and treatment methods with characteristics of ethnomedicine, and focus on the conve-nience and standardization. However, strengthening the support of science and technology and the popularization to the public, and improving the participation of ethnomedicine in national public health services and the capacity-building to deal with sudden and critical diseases are key contents in the development of ethnomedicine in the future.
Betacoronavirus ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Traditional ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; drug therapy ; Tibet

In this study, Donghua Hospital information management system and Meikang clinical pharmacy management system were used to collect medical records of all inpatients diagnosed as coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) in Wuhan Third Hospital. The statistics was based on the data of the cases treated with Ganlu Xiaodu Decoction, including demographic statistics, clinical cha-racteristics before medication, outcome of after medication and efficacy of drug combination. Excel 2003 and SPSS Clementine 12.0 software were used to conduct statistics on the included cases, and Apriori algorithm and association rules were used for the association analysis on drug combination. A total of 131 cases of COVID-19 were treated with Ganlu Xiaodu Decoction combined with Chinese and Western medicine. All of the patients were cured and discharged. The drug combination mainly included Ganlu Xiaodu Decoction, abidor, Lianhua Qingwen, moxifloxacin, Qiangli Pipa Lu, vitamin C, glycyrrhizinate diammonium, pantoprazole and Shufeng Jiedu. There is a certain regularity and effectiveness in the treatment of COVID-19 infection patients with the combination of Ganlu Xiaodu Decoction and other drugs, but the rationality and safety still need to be further verified.
Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; drug therapy

The epidemic situation of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is developing rapidly in the world, and the influence is serious. In this study, the prescription of Mongolian medicine to prevent new type of COVID-19 was investigated. Based on the second edition and the third edition of COVID-19 Mongolian Medicine Prevention and Treatment Guidance Program issued by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Health Commission, using Excel 2007, SPSS Modeler 18, SPSS Statistics 25, Cytoscape 3.7.1 statistical software as a tool, the association rules analysis and cluster analysis of Mongolian medicine included in the standard were carried out. Among the 45 prophylactic prescriptions included in the standard, a total of 34 high-frequency drugs using frequency ≥5 were used, of which Carthami Flos(21 times, 4.46%), Chebulae Fructus(20 times, 4.26%), Moschus(13 times, 2.77%), Myristicae Semen(12 times, 2.55%), Santali Albi Lignum(12 times, 2.55%), and Bovis Calculus(12 times, 2.55%) were the most common. The main drugs for the prevention of COVID-19 were Liang(13 times, 38.23%), Wen(9 times, 26.47%), the flavor was Ku(20 times, 34.48%), Xin(13 times, 22.41%), Gan(11 times, 18.97%), the most used drugs treating hot evil(99 times, 32.46%), treatment of "Heyi" drugs(51 times, 16.72%), treatment of "Badagan" drugs(40 times, 13.11%), treatment of "sticky" drugs(37 times, 12.13%), and a cough, eliminating phlegm and antiasthmatic(31 times, 10.16%), the association rule analysis found that the highest association intensity of the drug pair combination of 11. Clustering analysis using the cluster analysis of inter-group join method found a total of 8 categories. In this study, 45 prescriptions of Mongolian medicine for the prevention of COVID-19 were collec-ted and further analyzed, hoping to provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Betacoronavirus ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; drug therapy

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease and a serious threat to human health. COVID-19 can cause multiple organ dysfunction, such as respiratory and circulatory failure, liver and kidney injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and thromboembolism, and even death. The World Health Organization reports that the mortality rate of severe-type COVID-19 is over 50%. Currently, the number of severe cases worldwide has increased rapidly, but the experience in the treatment of infected patients is still limited. Given the lack of specific antiviral drugs, multi-organ function support treatment is important for patients with COVID-19. To improve the cure rate and reduce the mortality of patients with severe- and critical-type COVID-19, this paper summarizes the experience of organ function support in patients with severe- and critical-type COVID-19 in Optical Valley Branch of Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China. This paper systematically summarizes the procedures of functional support therapies for multiple organs and systems, including respiratory, circulatory, renal, hepatic, and hematological systems, among patients with severe- and critical-type COVID-19. This paper provides a clinical reference and a new strategy for the optimal treatment of COVID-19 worldwide.
Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Humans ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; therapy ; Respiration

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new type of coronavirus pneumonia, which is caused by infection of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. The virus infects lung cells by binding angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) of cell surface, which leads to leukocyte infiltration, increased permeability of blood vessels and alveolar walls, and decreased surfactant in the lung, causing respiratory symptoms. The aggravation of local inflammation causes cytokine storm, resulting in systemic inflammatory response syndrome. In December 2019, a number of new pneumonia cases were reported by Wuhan Municipal Health Commission, after then a novel coronavirus was isolated and identified as SARS-CoV-2. To the date of Sep. 13th, 2020, COVID-19 is affecting 216 countries or regions, causing 28 637 952 cases, 917 417 deaths, and the mortality rate is 3.20%. This review will summarize the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and the pharmaceutical treatment of COVID-19, and their potential relationships.
Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS Virus ; SARS-CoV-2

To explore the optimal therapy time for the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)by traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and its influence on the therapeutic effect and prognosis. The clinical data,laboratory findings,and outcomes of 64 patients with severe COVID-19 treated with TCM and western medicine in Chongqing from January 20,2020, to March 11,2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into early intervention group[TCM was initiated within 3 days (including day 3) after the first diagnosis of severe type/critical type COVID-19]and late intervention group[TCM was initiated after 7 days (including day 7) after the first diagnosis of severe type /critical type COVID-19].The changes in clinical parameters during the course of disease were compared between the two groups. On day 14,the oxygenation index was 292.5(252.0,351.0)mmHg in the early intervention group,which was significantly higher than that in the late intervention group [246.0(170.0,292.5)mmHg](=0.005).The length of hospital stay [(18.56±1.11)d (24.87±1.64)d,=0.001],duration of ICU stay [(14.12±0.91)d (20.00±1.53)d,=0.000] and time to negativity [(16.77±1.04)d (22.48±1.66)d,=0.001] in the early intervention group were significantly shorter than those in the late intervention group.The intubation rate(7.3%)in the early intervention group was significantly lower than that in the late intervention group(30.4%)(=0.028). Early TCM therapy within three days after a diagnosis of severe COVID-19 can shorten the length of hospital stay,duration of ICU stay,and time to negativity and decrease intubation rate.
Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; drug therapy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan City, China. The SARS-CoV-2 is genetically similar to the coronavirus derived from bat. The SARS-CoV-2, the SARS-CoV and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) all belong to beta coronavirus. Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019, effective antiviral drugs have become a hot issue in the world. Very little about SARS-CoV-2 is known and there is no precedent for treatment. The National Health Commission has repeatedly revised the diagnosis and treatment guide for the coronavirus disease 2019. The latest guide is "New Coronary Virus-Infected Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Seventh Trial Version)"(short for Seventh Version of Diagnosis and Treatment Plan). But the use of antiviral drugs is still on trial and no rigorous clinical trials data is available. Hot anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs include interferon α, ribavirin, lopinavir/ritonavir, chloroquine phosphate, abidol, as well as hydroxychloroquine sulfate and remdesivir. But the later 2 drugs aren't mentioned in the Seventh Version of Diagnosis and Treatment Plan.
Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; drug therapy ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

OBJECTIVES: To explore the prescribing habits of doctors, and to provide basis for rational use of antibiotics in clinical practice via investigating and analyzing the applications of antibiotics in treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the designated hospital. METHODS: Specification, quantity, amount, defined daily dose system (DDDs), defined daily dose consumption (DDDc), antibiotics use density (AUD), composition, frequency of use, combined use of antibacterial drugs used in the hospital were analyzed between Feb. 2020 and Mar. 2020. RESULTS: A total of 25 antibiotic drugs in 12 categories were used. The total cost for antibiotic drugs was 1 million 238 thousand yuan, in which quinolone accounts for 48%, the third generation cephalosporin/lactamase inhibitors accounts for 15.86%, antifungals accounts for 14.17%, oxazolidone accounts for 13.46%, and carbapenms account for 12.73%. The top three drugs of DDDs and AUD were moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablets, moxifloxacin hydrochloride and sodium chloride injection, cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium for injection. The proportion of patients who had been used more than two kinds of antibiotics was 22.36%. CONCLUSIONS Broad-spectrum, high-potency antibiotics are used at the beginning of COVID-19 treatment. The varieties of antibiotics meet the requirements of the management of antibiotics, and the utilization rate of antibiotics and the cost proportion of antibiotics in COVID-19 patients are within a reasonable range.In the future, for the treatment of COVID-19, we should continue to summarize the experience, improve the strategies, and rationally apply antibiotics on the basis of guidelines.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; classification ; therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; drug therapy