No abstract available.
Epidemiology* ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae* ; Mycoplasma* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma*

We study 86 pneumonia patients from 4-15 years old who were admitted to the Pediatric Department of the Hue Central Hospital, Thua Thien Hue province, Viet Nam over 14 months (from April 2004 to June 2005). Detection of anti- M.pneumoniae IgM of these patients, 27 cases have positive tests (31.4%).There was no statistic difference between male and female, urban area and countryside. The M.pneumoniae pneumonias were detected throughout the year but predominantly from April to June (31.5%) by admission. The results of this study showed some clinical features that could be frequently happened: cough, expectorant, mild fever (< 39oC), the white blood cells count less than 15,000 per mm3 (83.3%). The X ray of lungs are frequent the inertial and alveolar infiltration (54.2%). M.pneumoniae-related pneumonia were treated successfully with macrolide antibiotics.
Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; Child ; Epidemiology

Humans ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; epidemiology

PURPOSE: To decide diagnostic titer in a single determination of antibody by indirect particle agglutination test and to characterize the occurrence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae during a 9 year-period in Seoul. METHODS: M. pneumoniae pneumonia diagnosed serologically at the Seoul National University Children's Hospital from 1986 to 1995 were reviewed, retrospectively. Antimycoplasma antibody was measured by indirect particle agglutination test. Diagnosis was based on 4 fold-rise or single high titer. Single diagnostic titer was set up by the value greater than the 90th percentile of the titer at one year of the children who initially had 4 fold-rise or > or =160. RESULTS: The geometric mean titer and the 90th percentile at 1 year of the 15 children who initially had antibody titer > or =160 or 4 fold-rise were 122 and 639, respectively, and single diagnostic titer was established as > or =640. A total of 126 childern were included by our diagnostic criteria. Male and female ratio was 1.17:1 and the mean age was 6 years 4 months. Pneumonia by M. pneumonuae occurred every years during the study period showing increased cases every 3 years. In the epidemic years, the cases occurred in late spring, summer and early fall. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the occurrence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in Seoul from 1986 to 1995 was characterized by epidemics every 3 years as well as its endemicity.
Agglutination Tests ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae* ; Mycoplasma* ; Pneumonia* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma* ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul*

OBJECTIVETo reveal changes in clinical manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) pneumonia in children older than 3 years of age during 2000 - 2006.

METHODTotally 288 older children with Mp pneumonia hospitalized in the hospital between 2000 and 2006 were enrolled. Clinical manifestation, chest X-ray and clinical outcomes among three time periods (2000 - 2002, 2003 - 2004, 2005 - 2006) were compared.

RESULT(1) Fever and its duration; 281 cases (97.6%) had fever of different duration (median = 7.2 d, 8.5 d, and 11.2 d, respectively) among the time periods, showing statistically significant difference (P < 0.01). (2) Respiratory symptoms: different incidence of wheezing/dyspnea (6.1%, 9.9%, 16.3%), thrilling (6.9%, 11.3%, 19.8%) and chest pain (12.2%, 15.5%, 22.1%) among different time periods had significant difference (χ(2) = 5.87, 11.46, 5.21, P < 0.05). (3) The incidence of extrapulmonary damages (13.0%, 38.0%, 48.8%) among different time periods also had significant difference (χ(2) = 21.27, P < 0.01). (4) Chest X-ray examination showed large area of lesions in most cases; 30.2% of cases seen during 2005 - 2006 were found having pulmonary complications such as pleural effusion or atelectasis. The incidences of pulmonary complications among different time periods had significant difference (P < 0.01). (5) TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: after comparing the efficacy of erythromycin or azithromycin, decline of clinical effectiveness was revealed among different time periods (P < 0.05). The duration of fever after macrolide administration (median = 3.2 d, 4.5 d, 6.2 d, respectively) and hospital stay (median = 7.0 d, 8.7 d, and 11.4 d, respectively) among different time periods showed significant differences (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMore refractory and severe Mp pneumonia cases appeared during 2000 - 2006 in children older than 3 years of age in Hangzhou, with prolonged fever duration, aggravated respiratory symptoms and more complications and extrapulmonary damages.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; epidemiology ; microbiology

PURPOSE: We evaluated the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of mycoplasma pneumonia. METHODS: A total of 559 medical records of children with mycoplasma pneumonia admitted to The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The mean annual number of cases was 51. There was a higher occurrence in autumn (September-November, 41.7%) and in winter(26.7%). Outbreaks of mycoplasma pneumonia were noted in 1993-94, 1997, 2001, and 2003. The age distribution showed a peak frequency of 5-6 years of age and 68.2 percent of patients were in 3-8 years of age. The male-to-female ratio was 1.2:1. In comparison between 1994 and 2003, there was a difference in age distribution with a peak frequency of 5-6 years of age in 1994, and of 3-4 years of age in 2003. There were outbreaks during autumn and winter in 1993-94, and during summer and autumn in 2003. CONCLUSION: Outbreaks of mycoplasma pneumonia occurred every 2-4 years in Daejeon in accordance with nationwide epidemics during 1993-2003. The peak incidence of age in the recent outbreak was younger than in the outbreak which occurred 10 years ago, and in outbreaks in Western countries.
Age Distribution ; Child ; Disease Outbreaks ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae* ; Mycoplasma* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma* ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia epidemics have occurred in 3- to 4-year cycles in Korea. We evaluated the epidemiologic characteristics of MP pneumonia in Daejeon, Korea, from 2003 to 2012. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 779 medical records of children (0-15 years of old) with MP pneumonia admitted to our institution and compared the data from 3 recent epidemics. RESULTS: In 779 patients, the mean age and male-to-female ratio were 5.0+/-2.2 years and 1:1, and most cases were observed in autumn. There were three epidemics during the study period, in 2003, 2006-2007, and 2011. In our comparison of the three epidemics, we found no differences in mean age, the male-to-female ratio, hospital stay, or the rate of seroconverters during hospitalization. All three epidemics began in early summer and peaked in September 2003 and 2011 and in October 2006 and then gradually decreased until the next year's spring season, although the 2006 epidemic extended further into 2007. The peak age groups in the children in 2003 and 2006 were 3-6 year-olds (57.5% and 56%, respectively), but in the 2011 epidemic, the peak group was 1-4 year-olds (46.5%). The proportion of the <2 years of age group was 20%, 15.7% and 28.8%, and >10 years of age group was 5.2%, 13.8%, and 14.8% of total patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: MP pneumonia outbreaks occurred every 3-4 years. The pattern of 3 recent epidemics was similar in demographic characteristics and seasonality with some variations in each outbreak.
Child ; Disease Outbreaks ; Epidemiology ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Medical Records ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae* ; Pneumonia* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma* ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons

OBJECTIVETo summarize the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) in Guangzhou.

METHODSMP was detected using an indirect immunofluorescent method in 2084 children with ARI. The relations between MP infection rate and the gender, age, season, site of infection and wheezing diseases were analyzed.

RESULTSA total of 433 children (20.8%) were positive for MP, including 222 boys (19.8%) and 211 girls (21.9%) without significant difference in the infection rate between the genders (P>0.05). In 0- to 3-year-old group, 106 children were positive for MP (15.0%), while in 3- to 5-year-old group and 5- to 14-year-old group, 163 (25.2%) and 164 (22.5%) were positive, respectively, showing a significant difference in the infection rate between the 3 groups (P<0.05). The MP infection rate was 18.0% in January to March, 25.1% in April to June, 17.7% in July to September, and 20.5% in October to December, showing significant differences between the periods (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the infection rate between children with acute upper respiratory tract infection (URI) and those with lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) (P>0.05). Among the children with LRI, those having wheezing disease had significantly higher MP positivity rate than those without wheezing.

CONCLUSIONMP is a common causative agent for ARI in children. MP infection is not related to gender and infection site, but to age and season. Children over 3 years old are vulnerable to MP infection. MP infection can be associated with wheezing in LRI.

Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; isolation & purification ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Prevalence ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and analyze the factors associated with co-infections with other pathogens in children, and provide evidence for improvement of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) prevention and control in children. Methods: Based on the surveillance of hospitalized acute respiratory infections cases conducted in Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital (SCH), the CAP cases aged <16 years hospitalized in SCH between 2018 and 2021 were screened. The pathogenic test results of the cases were obtained through the laboratory information system, and their basic information, underlying conditions, and clinical characteristics were collected using a standardized questionnaire. The differences in clinical characteristics between M. pneumoniae infection and bacterial or viral infection and the effect of the co-infection of M. pneumoniae with other pathogens on clinical severity in the cases were analyzed; logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with the co-infections with other pathogens. Results: A total of 8 274 hospitalized CAP cases met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 2 184 were positive for M. pneumoniae (26.4%). The M. pneumoniae positivity rate increased with age (P<0.001), and it was higher in girls (P<0.001) and in summer and autumn (P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of wheezing, shortness of breath, wheezing sounds and visible lamellar faint shadow on chest radiographs, as well as fever and hospitalization days among M. pneumoniae, bacterial, and viral infection cases (all P<0.05). In the cases aged <60 months years, co-infection cases had higher rates of wheezing, gurgling with sputum and stridor; and in the cases aged ≥60 months, co-infection cases had a higher rate of shortness of breath (all P<0.05). Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that being boys (aOR=1.38,95%CI:1.15-1.67), being aged <6 months (aOR=3.30,95%CI:2.25-4.89), 6-23 months (aOR=3.44,95%CI:2.63-4.51), 24-47 months (aOR=2.50,95%CI:1.90-3.30) and 48-71 months (aOR=1.77,95%CI:1.32-2.37), and history of respiratory infection within 3 months (aOR=1.28,95%CI:1.06-1.55) were factors associated with co-infections of M. pneumoniae with other pathogens. Conclusions: M. pneumoniae was the leading pathogen in children hospitalized due to CAP. M. pneumoniae infections could cause fever for longer days compared with bacterial or viral infections; M. pneumoniae was often co-detected with virus or bacteria. Being boys, being aged <72 months and history of respiratory infection within 3 months were associated factors for co-infections.
Bacteria ; Child ; Coinfection/epidemiology* ; Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology* ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/microbiology* ; Respiratory Sounds ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology* ; Virus Diseases

Child ; Humans ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/epidemiology* ; Macrolides/therapeutic use* ; Singapore/epidemiology* ; Child, Hospitalized ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use* ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy*