At Thanh Nhan Hospital, Hanoi from November 2001 to August 2002, 151 children aged 1-6 months with pneumonia were studied. Most of bacteria causing pneumonia were resisted to Co-trimoxazole and common antibiotics. H.influenza resisted to Co-trimoxazole (66.67%), to cephalothin (50%); S.pneumoniae resisted to erythromycine (86.66%), to oxocillin (85.71%), to cefaclor (66.67%), to cefoperazon (50%), Co-trimoxazole (53.33%); S.pyogenes resisted to cefoperazon (50%), Co-trimoxazole (50%), gentamycin (43.56%), penicillin (40%), erythromycin (33.33%). S.aureus resisted strongly to common antibiotics as oxacillin (100%), erythromycin (100%), gentamycine (66.67%), chloramphenicol (66.67%), tetracyclin (66.67%), to Co-trimoxazol and to norfloxacin. Related factors causing antibiotics resistence were: the use of antibiotics in a single episode or more episodes in children. In appropriate indication of antibiotics by parents, in terms of the type of antibiotics, the dose and the method of use
Pneumonia ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child

A prospective study on 80 patients over 60 years old who were diagnosed hospital pneumonia at Thong Nhat hospital from December 2003 to April 2005. Results: hospital pneumonia by multi-bacteria was 55%. The common bacteria were K.pneumonia (56.25%); P.aeruginosa (55.0%); Acinetobacter (18.75%) and S.aureus (15%). The resistance level of bacteria caused hospital pneumonia: P.aeruginosa resisted most of antibiotics except Imipenem and Timentin (recently used in hospitals) with sensitive rate of 66.13% and 65%, respectively. K.pneumonia was sensitive only with Imipenem at the rate of 96.55%, Amikacin 66.91%. S.aureus resisted penicilin and most of other antibiotics; it was sensitive only with vancomicin at the rate of 100%. In relapsing or unsuccessful patients, the resistance of bacteria was stronger than the first time isolation.
Pneumonia, Bacterial ; Drug Resistance ; Therapeutics

A study was carried out in pediatric patients with severe and very severe pneumonia in the pediatric department of Bach Mai hospital during 8/1994 – 3/1998. The children were divided in to 2 groups: Group I: Pneumonia due to the antibiotic resistance microbial. Group II: Pneumonia due to the antibiotic sensitivity microbial, the body temperature, breathing rhythm and number of leukocyte in the peripheral blood patients received penicillin + gentamicin; cephalosporin; penicillin; and chlorainphenicol. The results have shown that after 3 – 5 days of treatment with penicillin + cephalosporine, the body temperature and breathing rhythm become the normal level, the number of leukocytes reduced 15%. In contrary, in patients received single penicillin or chloramphenicol, these parameters has not become to the normal level; the number of leukocyte reduced less than 15%.
Pneumonia ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Child

The study consist of 134 neonatal pneumonia who under 28 days born addmitted to The Neonatal department of National Institute of Peadiatrics from December 2001 to November 2002. The out comes showed that: Positive rate: 71.15%, negative rate: 29.85%. Common isolated bacteria were negative Gram. Ampicillin, gentamycin, chloramphenicol bactrim have resistance antibiotic. The recovered treatment result: 90.3%; mortality: 9.7% in which 61.2% are fully recovered without change other antibiotic. The average treatment duration by antibiotic:13.2%
Pneumonia ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Chloramphenicol

Non-resolving or slowly resolving pulmonary infiltrates in spite of administering adequate antimicrobial therapy are a clinical diagnostic challenge for physicians. The rate of radiographic resolution varies with the patients' age, the underlying comorbidities, the extent of radiographic involvement, the functional status and the causal pathogens. It is important to differentiate non-resolving or slowly resolving bacterial pneumonia from other uncommon infectious pneumonias or malignancies that require invasive diagnostic techniques to confirm the diagnosis. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma can present with various clinical and radiographic features. Unfortunately, the radiographic similarity of consolidative BAC to pneumonia often leads to an incorrect diagnosis of pneumonia and possibly significant delays in obtaining appropriate diagnostic studies. We describe here a case of a mixed adenocarcinoma and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma that was initially diagnosed as pneumonia due to the consolidation pattern on the radiography and the patient's initial improvement with antibiotic treatment.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar ; Comorbidity ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Bacterial

Pneumonia is the commonest cause of death of children in Papua New Guinea (PNG). At Tari pneumonia is most commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, which set up rapid severe infections in the lungs that require urgent treatment. In rural PNG, however, treatment is often delayed. Penicillin-resistant forms of these bacteria are on the increase. It is therefore important to have another means of protection against this serious disease. This paper describes three field trials of a vaccine against the commonest serotypes of S. pneumoniae found in PNG. The trials show that a pneumococcal vaccine can prevent deaths from uncomplicated acute lower respiratory tract infection in small children and adults. It is likely that the vaccine does this by limiting the replication of bacteria in the lungs and thus limiting their spread to other parts of the body.
Vaccines ; Pneumonia ; g <3> ; limitin ; Bacterial

Pneumonia remains the leading cause of mortality in children. Diagnosis depends on a combination of factors, including clinical assessment, radiological and laboratory findings. Although Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most important cause of childhood bacterial pneumonia, the great majority of cases of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are of viral etiology. A new, rapid, and inexpensive test that differentiates viral from bacterial pneumonia is needed to decide empiric antibiotic treatment. Antibiotics effective against the expected bacterial pathogens should be instituted where necessary. The role of emerging pathogens and the effect of pneumococcal resistance and heptavalent conjugate pneumococcal vaccines are to be considered in practice. There are reports supporting the valid and highly efficacious use of penicillin as a first-line drug for treating CAP. This review raises the issue of the overuse of unnecessary antibiotics in viral CAPs and the use of second or third-line antibiotics for non-complicated pneumonias in most clinical settings.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child ; Humans ; Penicillins ; Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; Streptococcus pneumoniae

82 cases of pneumonia patients in the community and 3 cases at the hospital aged 62 in average, randomly collected were diagnosed bacteriologically using the samples gathered endoscopically which underwent a quantified culture and the antibiogramme was made by the method of dispersion on ager disk. Results showed that the pathogenes were mainly streptococci then gram(-) bacilli, sensitive with classic beta-lactam antibiotic group. The previous treatment by antibiotic before bacterical detection affected dramatically on the antibiotic sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria, especially with betalactam antibiotic, commonly used now a day.
Pneumonia/classification ; Classification ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Case reports

Pneumonia is frequently encountered in the clinical fields, both as a cause for admission and as a complication of the underlying disorder or as the course of treatment. Pneumonia is the second most common hospital-acquired infection and is associated with the highest morbidity and mortality rates among hospital-acquired infections. The guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia by the American Thoracic Society include identifying individuals who have recently received antibiotics therapy or have been in medical facilities; these individuals are at higher risk for infection with multiple drug resistant organisms. Individuals, who have acquired pneumonia according to this clinical scenario, have what is known as healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). Patients with HCAP should be considered to have potentially drug-resistant pathogens and should receive broad spectrum empiric antibiotic therapy directed at the potentially resistant organisms. In this paper, the diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment of HCAP are discussed.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Pneumonia ; Risk Factors

Child ; Community-Acquired Infections ; microbiology ; Humans ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; microbiology