No abstract available.
Histamine* ; Pneumocytes*

No abstract available.
Asthma* ; Humans ; Pneumocytes* ; Superoxides*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Lung* ; Pneumocytes* ; Pneumonectomy* ; Rabbits*

The damage which radiation produces in tissues such as the lungs can be discussed at the molecular, biophysical, cellular, and organ levels. The cellular effects of irradiating the lungs are related to the histologic and clinical sequelae. In the present study the right lung of rabbits were exposed to single dose of 20 Gy of X-irradiation. Animals from each group were sacrificed monthly for 6 months postexposure. Sections of lung were examined by light microscopy(LM) and by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Multiple exudative lesions were seen at 2 months after the 20Gy irradiation, and they progressed to a proliferative and then reparative fibrotic lesion by 6 months. Changes in epithelial lining of lung components, particulary the presence of type II pneumocytes were found by both LM and TEM. Capillary endothelial damages were less pronounced. The possible implication of cellular components in radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis is discussed.
Animals ; Capillaries ; Fibrosis ; Lung* ; Pneumocytes ; Rabbits ; Radiation Pneumonitis

Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is an autosomal dominant disorder that is characterized by cutaneous lesions, seizures, mental retardation and hamartomas in various organs including the skin, kidney and brain. Pulmonary involvement is extremely rare, and occurs in approximately 0.1 to 1% of TS cases. Recent reports have indicated multiple micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia (MMPH) as another rare form of pulmonary involvement of tuberous sclerosis. We report a case of a 35 year-old-male patient who had no pulmonary symptoms but showed multinodular pulmonary shadows on his chest CT scan. The patient was finally diagnosed with TS with MMPH of the lung. MMPH does not appear to have any malignant potential but the clinical significance of MMPH in TS patients is unknown.(Tuberc Respir Dis 2008;64:369-373)
Brain ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Intellectual Disability ; Kidney ; Lung ; Pneumocytes ; Seizures ; Skin ; Thorax ; Tuberous Sclerosis

BACKGROUND: Although it was suggested that constitutive extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) activation plays a pivotal role in intracellular signal transduction related to oncogenesis, a consistent relationship between constitutive ERK activation and oncogenesis has not yet been clearly demonstrated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the expression frequencies and pattern of phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) in the non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and to evaluate whether p-ERK is a useful prognostic factor. METHODS: One hundred sixty cases of NSCLC tissue specimens were investigated by immunohistochemical staining for p-ERK. Clinicopathologic values (tumor stage, cell type, differentiation and presence of metastasis) and p-ERK expression of normal alveolar pneumocytes around NSCLC were compared with the incidence of tumor p-ERK expression. RESULTS: Fifty-three out of 160 cases (33%) of NSCLC showed expression of p-ERK. There was no statistical correlation between the expression of p-ERK in the NSCLC neoplastic cells and the corresponding tumor stage, cell type and presence of metastasis. There was statistical significance between the expressions of p-ERK in alveolar pneumocytes around NSCLC (odds ratio: 6.130). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, we suggest that p-ERK expression is not useful in predicting the prognosis of NSCLC. In regard to the theory of "field cancerization" and the phenomenon of "allele-specific loss or allele-specific mutations", the statistically significant p-ERK expression in alveolar pneumocytes around NSCLC suggests that constitutive ERK activation is involved in the early stage of NSCLC carcinogenesis rather than in proliferation, differentiation or metastasis of NSCLC.
Carcinogenesis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incidence ; Lung* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Phosphotransferases* ; Pneumocytes ; Prognosis ; Signal Transduction

The formation and development of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies of type II pneumocyte were investigated using 7 cases of human fetal lungs from 9 to 20 weeks of gestation by transmission electron micropscopy. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The multilamellar bodies, the characteristic inclusion body of type II pneumocyte, have developed in developing epithelium of lung at 9 week of gestation. Another inclusion bodies specific to type II pneumocyte also have developed at that time. 2. The inclusion bodies were formed in association with cytoplasmic reticulum, outer membrane of nuclear envelope, and mitochondria. 3. The inclusion bodies were distributed in cluster at the apical cytoplasm, and classified schematically with the contents as multilamellar, cytoplasmic, granular/f locculent, multivesicular, dense, and multilamellar. But the intermediate and composite forms of inclusion bodies appeared at the time toward 20 week of gestation. In summary, it is suggested that the differentiation of type II pneumocyte starts before 9 week of gestation and 4 main types of inclusion bodies considered as the precursor of multilamellar body were found. Although the inclusion bodies were formed at endoplasmic reticulum or etc, it is likely that they form multilamellar body through the complex process such as fusion of inclusion bodies.
Cytoplasm ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Epithelium ; Fetus* ; Humans* ; Inclusion Bodies* ; Lung ; Membranes ; Mitochondria ; Nuclear Envelope ; Pneumocytes* ; Pregnancy ; Reticulum

Papillary adenoma of the lung is a very rare tumor in humans. Papillary adenoma is benign, and morphologically distinctive neoplasm.Since Fanton et al. firstly described a bronchial tumor showing Clara cell features,only a few cases having features of both Clara cells and type II pneumocytes have been reported.The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings hint at an origin from type II pneumocytes or Clara cells.Noguchi et al. demonstrated the presence of surfactant apoprotein in cytoplasm of tumor cells in a case of papillary adenoma indicating type II pneumocyte-like differenciation of the tumor cells. The tumor was encounted in a asymptomatic patient in a mass-survey chest X-ray examination. The chest X-ray films showed the tumor as well dermacated small lesion. We reports a case of papillary adenoma of the lung with pulmomary sequestration with review of articles.
Adenoma* ; Apoproteins ; Bronchopulmonary Sequestration* ; Cytoplasm ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Pneumocytes ; Thorax ; X-Ray Film

OBJECTIVE: To identify key cytologic features for diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and morphologic differentiation from reactive/reparative respiratory epithelium. STUDY DESIGN: The cytomorphologic features of 145 pulmonary cytology specimens (sputum and bronchial washing), which included 117 histologically proven adenocarcinomas and 28 non-neoplastic lesions, cytologically diagnosed as atypia and suspicious for malignancy (adenocarcinoma) were reviewed retrospectively. We analyzed 11 morphologic criteria in pulmonary cytologic specimens. RESULTS: Over 110 of 117 cases of adenocarcinomas revealed nuclear membrane irregularities, non-cohesive cells, single atypical cells, moderate to markedly enlarged nuclei and an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio. Chromatin clearing, chromatin heterogeneity and hyperchromasia were seen in 102, 99 and 97 cases, respectively. All 28 cases involving non-neoplastic lesions revealed hyperplastic reactive pneumocytes, hyperplastic reactive bronchial epithelium, or degenerating macrophages. The non-neoplastic lesions revealed a small number of atypical cell clusters and paucity or absence of atypical single cells. CONCLUSION: The most important morphologic features for diagnosis of adenocarcinoma are nuclear membrane irregularities, non-cohesive cells, single atypical cell, moderate to markedly enlarged nuclei and increased N/C ratio. Chromatin clearing, chromatin heterogeneity and hyperchromasia were also helpful features, while pleomorphism and prominent nucleoli were less valuable.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Chromatin ; Diagnosis ; Epithelium ; Lung ; Macrophages ; Nuclear Envelope ; Pneumocytes ; Population Characteristics ; Respiratory Mucosa ; Retrospective Studies ; Sputum*

Although it is well established that steroid is effective for treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), the action mechanism of steroid on NRDS is not well known. Several authors have insisted that steroid increases secretion of pulmonary surfactant from type II pneumocyte, but others have insisted that steroid does not affect the secretory function of the type II pneumocyte. And some authors have suggested that steroid may cause compositional change of pulmonary surfactant phospholipid. From these aspects, it is desirable to confirm the effect of steroid on the secretory function of the type II pneumocyte. In order to know the effect of steroid on pulmonary surfactant activity, phospholipid phosphorus of lung lavage was measured and composition of pulmonary surfactant phospholipid of lung lavage was analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) in control (c), pneumonectomized (PN), and pneumonectomized with betamethasone treated (PNS) rabbits. And lung weight and lung weight-body weight ratio were measured in each experimental group also. In PN group, right lung pneumonectomy was performed as PN group, and one day after the surgery, betamethasone was injected for four days intramusculary (4 mg/day) and rabbits were sacrificed. The experiment yielded following results. PNS group's lung weight was significantly (p<0.01) heavier than C group's, but in comparison with PN group's it showed no significant change. PNS group's L/B ratio was significantly (p<0.05) higher than C group's, but compared with PN group's it showed no significant change. The value of phospholipid phosphorus content of PNS group was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of C group. Even if the value of phospholipid phosphorus content in PNS group was not significantly higher than that of PN group, it showed increasing tendency compared with that of PN group. And in an analysis of the thin layer chromatogram, quantity (µmol/gm of wet weight lung) of phosphatidylcholine in PNS group decreased significantly (p<0.05) compared with C and PN group. From these results, it may be suggested that though steroid inhibits cellular hyperplasia in the compensatory growing lung, it auguments the secretory function of type II pneumocyte and causes compositional change of pulmonary surfactant phospholipid.
Betamethasone* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Hyperplasia ; Lung ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Phosphorus ; Pneumocytes ; Pneumonectomy ; Pulmonary Surfactants* ; Rabbits* ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn