Pneumococcal disease is one of the serious global public health problems, and an important leading cause of the morbidity and mortality of children and adults in China. Currently, antibiotics are the most choices for its clinical treatment. However, antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae has become a severe problem around the world due to the wide use of antibiotics. Hence, the prevention of pneumococcal disease by using pneumococcal vaccines is of great importance. In this article, we reviewed the etiology, clinic, epidemiology, disease burden of pneumococcal disease, and the vaccinology of pneumococcal vaccines, based on the Pneumococcal Vaccines WHO Position Paper (2012) and other latest evidence globally, to introduce comprehensive knowledge of pneumococcal disease, and for the purpose to improve the capacity of the professionals working on pneumococcal disease control and prevention and to provide appropriate evidences of pneumococcal vaccine applications for people who are engaged in public health and immunization vaccination.
Adult ; Child ; China/epidemiology* ; Consensus ; Humans ; Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control* ; Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage* ; Public Health ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology* ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Conjugate/administration & dosage*

Pneumococcal disease is a serious global public health problem and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality of children and adults in China. Antibiotics are commonly used to treat pneumococcal disease. However, antibiotic resistance to Streptococcus pneumoniae has become a severe problem around the world due to widespread antibiotic use. Immunoprophylaxis of pneumococcal disease with pneumococcal vaccines is therefore of great importance. In this article, we review the etiology, clinical presentation, epidemiology, and disease burden of pneumococcal disease and the vaccinology of pneumococcal vaccines. Our review is based on the Expert Consensus on Immunoprophylaxis of Pneumococcal Disease (2017 version), the Pneumococcal Vaccines WHO Position Paper (2019), and recent national and international scientific advances. This consensus article aims to provide public health and vaccination staff with appropriate evidence for pneumococcal vaccine use and to improve professional capacity for pneumococcal disease prevention and control.
Adult ; Child ; China/epidemiology* ; Consensus ; Humans ; Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control* ; Pneumococcal Vaccines/therapeutic use* ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology* ; Vaccines, Conjugate/administration & dosage*

To confirm the effect of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), pneumococcal nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage was compared between vaccinated (3 + 1 doses PCV7) and non-vaccinated children. Vaccinated subjects were recruited from highly vaccinated regions (> or = 60%), Seoul and Incheon whereas control subjects were recruited from Jeju Island where vaccination rates are low (< 15%). NP swabs were obtained from 400 children aged 18-59 months. Serotype and antibiotic susceptibility was analyzed. Pneumococcal carriage rate was 18.0% (36/200) and 31.5% (63/200) for the vaccinated and control group, respectively. Among those vaccinated, 41.7% (15/36) of the serotypes were vaccine-related type (VRT: 6A, 6C, 19A) with the most common serotype 6C. The next common type was non-typable/non-capsule 30.6% (11/36) followed by non-vaccine type 16.7% (6/36) and vaccine type (VT) serotypes were found in only 11.1% (4/36). In contrast, 52.4% (33/63) of the isolates in the control group were VT. Resistance rates for penicillin and erythromycin were lower in the vaccine group (vaccine vs control; penicillin 45.2% vs 71.4%, erythromycin 74.2% vs 90.5%, P < 0.05). Multi-drug resistance was also lower in vaccinated subjects (vaccine vs control; 45.2% vs 69.8%, P < 0.05). PCV7 reduces carriage in VT which leads to replacement of pneumococci by antibiotic susceptible VRT or non-vaccine type strains.
Adult ; Carrier State/*immunology/prevention & control ; Child ; *Child Day Care Centers ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; *Immunization ; Infant ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Nasopharynx ; Pneumococcal Infections/*epidemiology/immunology/*prevention & control ; Pneumococcal Vaccines/*administration & dosage ; Prospective Studies ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Serotyping ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/*isolation & purification