Objective To investigate the effect of human platelet-rich plasma-derived exosomes(PRP-exos)on the proliferation of Schwann cell(SC)cultured in vitro. Methods PRP-exos were extracted by polymerization-precipitation combined with ultracentrifugation.The morphology of PRP-exos was observed by transmission electron microscopy,and the concentration and particle size distribution of PRP-exos were determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis.Western blotting was employed to determine the expression of the marker proteins CD63,CD81,and CD9 on exosome surface and the platelet membrane glycoprotein CD41.The SCs of rats were isolated and cultured,and the expression of the SC marker S100β was detected by immunofluorescence staining.The fluorescently labeled PRP-exos were co-cultured with SCs in vitro for observation of their interaction.EdU assay was employed to detect the effect of PRP-exos on SC proliferation,and CCK-8 assay to detect the effects of PRP-exos at different concentrations(0,10,20,40,80,and 160 μg/ml)on SC proliferation. Results The extracted PRP-exos appeared as uniform saucer-shaped vesicles with the average particle size of(122.8±38.7)nm and the concentration of 3.5×10¹² particles/ml.CD63,CD81,CD9,and CD41 were highly expressed on PRP-exos surface(P<0.001,P=0.025,P=0.004,and P=0.032).The isolated SCs expressed S100β,and PRP-exos could be taken up by SCs.PRP-exos of 40,80,and 160 μg/ml promoted the proliferation of SCs,and that of 40 μg/ml showed the best performance(all P<0.01). Conclusions High concentrations of PRP-exos can be extracted from PRP.PRP-exos can be taken up by SCs and promote the proliferation of SCs cultured in vitro.
Humans ; Rats ; Animals ; Exosomes/metabolism* ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Schwann Cells ; Coculture Techniques ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured

Canine mesenchymal cells (MSCs) derived from Wharton's jelly were co-cultured, then supplemented or not supplemented with platelet rich plasma (PRP) and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) to verify osteogenic differentiation. Osteoblastic differentiation followed by mineralized bone matrix production was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) when MSCs were associated with PRP/DBM in culture after 14-21-days of induction. Osteopontin and osteocalcin gene expression were significantly superior (p < 0.05) under the same culture conditions after 21 days of observation. In conclusion, addition of PRP to DBM co-cultured with MSCs successfully induced osteogenesis in vitro.
Animals ; Bone Demineralization Technique/veterinary ; Bone Matrix/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques/veterinary ; Dogs ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/*metabolism ; *Osteogenesis ; Platelet-Rich Plasma/*metabolism ; Umbilical Cord/metabolism

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinicopathologic features of chronic sclerosing submaxillaritis (CSS).

METHODSThe clinical and pathological characteristics of 9 CSS were analyzed.

RESULTSIn the 9 patients, there were 6 males and 3 females. The age of patients ranged from 51 - 77 years old. All of the tumors were located in the submandibular gland, presenting with painless and firm mass. Histologically, a well-defined mass lesion with extensive lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltration, preservation of lobular architecture, with acinar atrophy. The reactive hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles may be found in CSS. The phlebitis and obliterating phlebitis also formed. Immunohistochemistry showed evidence of diffuse infiltration of plasma cells. The mean number of IgG4-positive plasma cell per high-power field (HPF) was 186, mean value of the IgG4:IgG ratio was 0.71. Three of these 9 cases had manifestations of IgG4-associated systemic disease.

CONCLUSIONSCSS is considered as a part of IgG4-related sclerosing diseases, recognition of which is very essential for a successful treatment. When diagnosis is made, it is necessary to ascertain whether lesion occurs within salivary gland only or in combination with outside IgG4-related sclerosing disease. The establishment of follow-up is also necessary. Some patients show good response to steroid therapy.

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasma Cells ; immunology ; Sclerosis ; Sialadenitis ; metabolism ; surgery ; Submandibular Gland ; pathology ; surgery

The term inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) has been used to describe inflammatory and fibrosing tumoral processes of an undetermined cause that may involve a variety of organ system. IgG4-related disease is a newly recognized fibroinflammatory condition characterized by IgG4-producing plasma cell expansion in affected organs and, often but not always, elevated serum IgG4 concentrations. IgG4-related IPTs, a subtype of IPT, are characterized by dense infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells and stromal fibrosis. The association between inflammatory pseudotumor and IgG4 was first reported with a regard to sclerosing pancreatitis. Despite there are many reports on intraperitoneal IPTs including both cellular and lymphoplasmacytic type, only a few cases have been confirmed to be IgG4-related. We experienced a case of intraperitoneal IgG4-related inflammatory pseudotumor in an 83-year-old woman presenting with epigastric pain and malaise. Surgical specimens revealed an IgG4-related inflammatory pseudotumor.
Aged, 80 and over ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis ; Female ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/*blood ; Plasma Cells/metabolism ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The term inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) has been used to describe inflammatory and fibrosing tumoral processes of an undetermined cause that may involve a variety of organ system. IgG4-related disease is a newly recognized fibroinflammatory condition characterized by IgG4-producing plasma cell expansion in affected organs and, often but not always, elevated serum IgG4 concentrations. IgG4-related IPTs, a subtype of IPT, are characterized by dense infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells and stromal fibrosis. The association between inflammatory pseudotumor and IgG4 was first reported with a regard to sclerosing pancreatitis. Despite there are many reports on intraperitoneal IPTs including both cellular and lymphoplasmacytic type, only a few cases have been confirmed to be IgG4-related. We experienced a case of intraperitoneal IgG4-related inflammatory pseudotumor in an 83-year-old woman presenting with epigastric pain and malaise. Surgical specimens revealed an IgG4-related inflammatory pseudotumor.
Aged, 80 and over ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis ; Female ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/*blood ; Plasma Cells/metabolism ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Anesthesia in post-thyroidectomy patients carries the risk of potential complications such as the depression of myocardial function, decreased spontaneous ventilation, abnormal baroreceptor function, reduced plasma volume, anemia, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, and impaired hepatic drug metabolism. In addition, these patients may be complicated by pigment induced acute renal failure such as rhabdomyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis is a common syndrome in which injury to skeletal muscle results in the leakage of intracellular contents from myocytes into plasma. Moreover, massive rhabdomyolysis can produce life-threatening disseminated intravascular coagulation, myoglobinuric renal failure, acute cardiomyopathy, and various other complications. We experienced a case of acute renal failure caused by rhabdomyolysis during emergence from anesthesia in a post-thyroidectomy patient.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Anemia ; Anesthesia ; Cardiomyopathies ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Depression ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Hyponatremia ; Metabolism ; Muscle Cells ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Plasma ; Plasma Volume ; Pressoreceptors ; Rhabdomyolysis* ; Ventilation

OBJECTIVESerum pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) is increased in acute coronary syndrome patients and related to prognosis. We investigated the effects of C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on PAPP-A mRNA expression in monocytes.

METHODSMonocytes were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation from blood of healthy volunteers. The PAPP-A expressions at mRNA level post CRP or rhTNF-alpha stimulation were measured by RT-PCR.

RESULTSPAPP-A mRNA expression in peripheral blood monocytes increased 2 hours (0.2128 +/- 0.0136) and peaked 24 hours (0.6837 +/- 0.1360) after CRP (20 mg/L) stimulation compared with control group (0.1842 +/- 0.0101). PAPP-A mRNA expression increased rapidly, peaked 2 hours (1.2546 +/- 0.0866) and remained elevated up to 24 hours (0.8203 +/- 0.0413) after rhTNF-alpha (100 ng/ml) stimulation. The effects of CRP and TNF-alpha were dose-dependent. PAPP-A mRNA expression of monocytes were 0.2544 +/- 0.0611, 0.4177 +/- 0.1200, 0.5828 +/- 0.0152, 0.6837 +/- 0.1360 after stimulated with CRP (1, 5, 10, 20 mg/L), and 0.2424 +/- 0.1378, 0.3335 +/- 0.0196, 0.5742 +/- 0.0131, 0.6913 +/- 0.0219 and 0.8203 +/- 0.0413 after stimulated with rhTNF-alpha (5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 ng/ml). Actinomycin D, the DNA-directed RNA polymerase inhibitor, completely blocked CRP and TNF-alpha induced PAPP-A expression.

CONCLUSIONSPAPP-A mRNA expression could be stimulated by CRP and TNF-alpha in human peripheral blood monocytes which might be responsible for the increased serum PAPP-A level in patients with acute coronary syndromes.

C-Reactive Protein ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Monocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; pharmacology

In the present study, the modulatory effect of AMPA receptors on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter current was investigated on enzymatically isolated horizontal cells of carp retina. The GABA transporter current elicited by 1 mmol/L GABA was decreased immediately after pre-application of AMPA (30 mumol/L or 3 mmol/L) for 50 s. Application of 10 mmol/L BAPTA in intracellular solution inhibited the suppression effect of AMPA on GABA transporter current. The suppression effect induced by co-application of 3 mmol/L AMPA and 3 mmol/L NMDA was similar to that of 3 mmol/L AMPA or 3 mmol/L NMDA alone. These results suggest that the activation of AMPA receptors inhibits GABA transporter-mediated current by affecting intracellular Ca(2+) processes in the retinal horizontal cells, which is identical with the modulatory effect of NMDA receptors on GABA transporters.
Animals ; Carps ; Egtazic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; metabolism ; Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate ; metabolism ; Retinal Horizontal Cells ; metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; pharmacology

Previously, we demonstrated that the p190 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (p190RhoGEF) was induced following CD40 stimulation of B cells. In this study, we examined whether p190RhoGEF and a downstream effector molecule RhoA are required for B cell differentiation. Expression of p190RhoGEF positively correlated with the expression of surface markers and transcriptional regulators that are characteristic of mature B cells with plasma cell (PC) phenotypes. Moreover, either the overexpression of p190RhoGEF or the expression of a constitutively active RhoA drove cellular differentiation toward PC phenotypes. B cell maturation was abrogated in cells that overexpressed p190RhoGEF and a dominant-negative form of RhoA simultaneously. CD40-mediated maturation events were also abrogated in cells that overexpressed either dominant-negative p190RhoGEF or RhoA. Together, these data provide evidence that p190RhoGEF signaling through RhoA in CD40-activated B cells drives the induction of the PC differentiation.
Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*cytology/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Plasma Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/genetics/metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical and pathologic features of multiple myeloma(MM) with CCND1.

METHODSRetrospectively analyzed the clinical and pathologic profiles of 158 patients with MM from 2010 to 2013. The clinical and morphologic features of bone marrow aspiration, biopsy and immunophenotypic analysis which was carried out by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were analyzed in all patients with MM respectively. CCND1 translocation was studied by FISH method in all cases. Classical cytogenetic studies of bone marrow were performed in 24 cases whose CCND1 was positive.

RESULTSIn the 158 patients with MM, CCND1 was detected in 31 patients (19.6%）. In 31 patients, type IgA, IgD, IgG, IgM, light-chain only and nonsecretory MM were 4 cases,4 cases,11 cases,1 case, 6 cases and 5 cases respectively. A high incidence of CCND1 was observed in IgD and nonsecretory MM comparied with IgA and IgG respectively (P<0.05). but no statistical significance was reached between κ and λ type patients (P=0.627). The morphology of plasma cell in bone marrow biopsies were small Lymphocyte- Like 24 cases,mature plasma cell 6 cases and immature plasma cell 1 case. Immunophenotype of all 31 cases was CD38⁺CD138⁺CD19⁻CD45⁻, (CD56⁺ in 11 cases, CD20⁺ in 9 cases, CD117⁺ in 3 cases. MM with CCND1 showed a strong association with CD20 expression, the lack of CD56 expression. Immunohistochemistry showed positive for cyclinD1 in 22 cases.

CONCLUSIONA high incidence of CCND1 was detected in the IgD and nonsecretory MM, and correlated with Small Lymphocyte- Like, higher positive rate of CD20, cyclinD1 and the lack of CD56 expression. MM with CCND1 must be distinguished from LPL and other mature B cell lymphomas which have plasmacytoid differentiation.

Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunophenotyping ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Multiple Myeloma ; classification ; metabolism ; Plasma Cells ; Retrospective Studies ; Translocation, Genetic