No abstract available.
Agglutination* ; Alisma* ; Animals ; Erythrocytes* ; Mice* ; Plantago*

OBJECTIVETo study on the chemical consitituents of Lagotis brevituba.

METHODThe chemical consitituents were isolated by silica gel column chromatography, polyamide column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC, and their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods.

RESULTEight compounds were isolated and they were identified as beta-sitosterol (1), succinic acid (2), luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (3), uracil (4), apigenin (5), chrysoeriol (6), chrysoeriol-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (7), and apigenin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (8).

CONCLUSIONCompound 4-8 were isolated from L. brevituba for the first time, and among them, compound 7 and 8 were isolated from genus Lagotis for the first time.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Plantago ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Lagotis brevituba.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, polyamide column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of analysis of IR,NMR, 2D-NMR, and MS spectra.

RESULTTwo compounds were obtained and were identified as phenylethanoid glucosides, lagotiside A (1) and acteoside (2), respectively.

CONCLUSIONCompound 1 is a new compound and named as lagotiside A.

Glucosides ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plantago ; chemistry

Plantago major is not only used as medicinal herb but also an important model plant of ecology. Little work has been reported on the tissue culture of P. major. A reproducible system for direct shoot morphogenesis and callus induction of Plantago major L. 'Giant Turkish' was described. Using seed as explants, the adventitious buds were obtained 4 to 5 weeks following incubation on MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L IAA and 1.0 mg/L TDZ. The frequency of adventitious buds was as high as 100%. The average number of buds per explant was 14.6. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis on 9 regenerants indicated that somaclonal variation occurred at DNA level. Using leaves as explants, calli were easily induced on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L NAA 3 weeks following inoculation. The frequency of callus induction can be as high as 98%. On MS medium containing 4.0 mg/L 6-BA, 25% of calli differentiated and the mean number of buds per piece of callus was 2.8. The buds developed roots on 11/2 MS medium and formed plantlets, 90% of which survived when transplanted to greenhouse.
Plantago ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; methods

Anticoccidial effects of the Plantago asiatica extract (PAE) were evaluated in chickens following oral infection with Eimeria (E.) tenella. This study was conducted on the 3-day-old chickens (n=30). Those animals were divided with 3 groups; PAE 0.1% treated/infected (n=10), PAE untreated/infected (n=10) and non-infected control (n=10). Chickens were fed a standard diet supplemented with or without PAE for 1 week prior to infection with E. tenella (10,000 sporulated oocysts per chicken). The effects of PAE on E. tenella infection were assessed by two parameters; fecal oocysts shedding and body weights gain. The PAE-fed chickens produced significantly reduced fecal oocysts (P<0.05) when compared to the E. tenella-infected group fed standard diet. Also, PAE-based diet, improved body weight loss caused by E. tenella infection. Our data demonstrated that PAE had remarkable anticoccidial activities against E. tenella. This finding might have implications for the development of anticoccidial drug. This study is the first to demonstrate anticoccidial effect of PAE on Eimeria parasites.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Chickens ; Diet ; Eimeria tenella* ; Eimeria* ; Oocysts ; Parasites ; Plantago*

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar endophytic fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on plant community structure in experimental microcosms containing an assemblage of five species of plants (Oenothera odorata, Plantago asiatica, Trifolium repens, Isodon japonicas and Aster yomena). Leaves of Sasa borealis, Potentilla fragarioides, and Viola mandshurica were collected in Chungbuk, Korea. Endophytic fungi were isolated from the surface sterilized leaves and identified to species level using molecular and morphological techniques. Four isolates of the endophytic fungi were inoculated to the leaves of host plants in the microcosms. Also, three species of AMF spores were extracted from pure cultures and the mixture of the three species inoculated to the roots of the plants. After four months of growth in a green house, effects of both symbiotic fungi on plant species diversity, community composition and productivity were examined. The plant species diversity showed significant differences with inoculation of the symbiotic fungi. Results indicate that AMF significantly affect plant productivity and plant community structure.
Chungcheongbuk-do ; Efficiency ; Endophytes ; Fungi* ; Isodon ; Korea ; Mycorrhizae ; Plantago ; Plants* ; Potentilla ; Sasa ; Spores ; Trifolium ; Viola

OBJECTIVETo study the high-yield and high-quality cultivating technology of Plantago asiatica, adapt to the demands of GAP.

METHODThe main factors which influenced the yield and quality in the production process of P. asiatica was studied.

RESULTThe standard system cultivating technology of high yield and quality of P. asiatica was established.

CONCLUSIONThe seeds of P. asiatica can reach the objective of high yield and high quality on the basis of this cultivating technology.

China ; Fertilizers ; Pest Control ; Plant Diseases ; Plantago ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Quality Control ; Seeds ; Soil

OBJECTIVETo explore the affection factors to expansion degree of seeds of Plantaginis caused by different processing methods.

METHODDetermination of expansion degree and analysis by gel chromatography.

RESULTThe values of expansion degree were decreased and the structures of polysaccharides were changed for the processed products compared with their crude seeds.

CONCLUSIONThe polysaccharies in seeds of Plantaginis were degraded after toasted without additive and roasted with salt, which further affected the expansion degree.

Hot Temperature ; Plantago ; chemistry ; classification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Species Specificity ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The Allergodip(R) multi-allergen screening test is a simple method for measuring serum-specific IgE to common inhalant allergens simultaneously. The dipstick contains nine separate allergen pads including D. pteronyssinus, Alternaria, cat epithelium, dog epithelium, English plantain, mugwort, birch, rye and six-grass mixture pollen extracts, as well as positive and negative controls. This study was performed in order to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of this test in comparison to skin prick test. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We compared the results obtained by skin prick test (PT) to those obtained by Allergodip(R) test (AT) in 30 patients with various allergic diseases. The skin reactivity was presented as allergen to histamine ratio (A/H) and results of the AT test were assessed visually and classified into Allergodip(R) class 0-4. RESULTS: Compared with PT, results of AT gave a sensitivity of 55.3% and a specificity of 93.8% when the A/H > OR = 3 was considered a positive response for PT. The agreement rate between positive PT and positive AT to each antigen was 82.6% in D. pteronyssinus, 82.9% in Alternaria, 71.1% in dog epithelium, 57.2% in mugwort pollen, 57.2% in birch pollen, 49.9% in grasses mixture pollen, 23.6% in cat epithelium and 6.7% in rye grass pollen, respectively. Significant correlations were noted between PT and AT classes in D. pteronyssinus, Alternaria, dog epithelium, mugwort pollen, birch pollen, and in grasses mixture pollen (p < 0.05, respectively), but not in cat epithelium or rye grass pollen. CONCLUSION: We concluded that Allergodip(R) test is useful in screening serum-specific IgE antibodies against multiple allergens at one time.
Allergens ; Alternaria ; Animals ; Antibodies ; Artemisia ; Betula ; Cats ; Dogs ; Epithelium ; Histamine ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Immunoglobulin E ; Lolium ; Mass Screening* ; Plantago ; Poaceae ; Pollen ; Secale ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Skin

OBJECTIVETo study the antiulcer effects and the mechanism of Veronicastrum axillare (Sieb. et Zucc) Yamazaki (VAY) on ethanol induced gastric ulcer rats.

METHODSTotally 48 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, i.e., the normal group, the model group, the ranitidine group, the high dose VAY group, the medium dose VAY group, and the low dose VAY group, 8 in each group. Rats in the normal group and the model group were administered with normal saline respectively. Rats in the ranitidine group were administered with 0.18% ranitidine suspension (at the daily dose of 0.027 g/kg) by gastrogavage. Those in the high dose VAY group, the medium dose VAY group, and the low dose VAY group were administered with VAY at the daily dose of 2.8 g/kg, 1.4 g/kg, and 0.7 g/kg by gastrogavage, once daily for 14 consecutive days. The gastric ulcer model was established using absolute ethanol after the last gastrogavage. The ulcer index and the ulcer inhibitory rate were compared. The concentrations of malonyldialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the serum and the homogenate of the gastric mucosa tissue were detected.

RESULTSCompared with the model group, the gastric ulcer index in the rest groups obviously decreased (P < 0.01). The ulcer index was dose-dependent with VAY (P < 0.01), with the highest gastric ulcer index shown in the high dose VAY group (P < 0.01). Compared with the normal group, the concentrations of MDA and NO significantly increased in the serum and the gastric mucosa tissue, the activity of SOD and the EGF content in the gastric mucosa tissue of rats in the model group significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the MDA concentrations in the serum and the gastric mucosa tissue decreased, the serum NO content increased, the NO content in the gastric mucosa tissue decreased, the serum SOD activity increased, the EGF content in the gastric mucosa tissue increased in the rest groups, all showing statistical difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe water extract of VAY had significant effects on ethanol induced gastric ulcer. Its mechanisms might lie in reducing the generation of free radicals, promoting the oxygen free radical clearance, restraining lipid peroxidation, regulating and controlling the in vivo contents of NO and EGF.

Animals ; Anti-Ulcer Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Ethanol ; adverse effects ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Plantago ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stomach Ulcer ; drug therapy ; etiology ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism