Aiming at the phenomenon of heavy metal Cd exceeding the standard of Chuanxiong medicinal materials,the accumulation of 12 inorganic elements,including heavy metals,in Ligusticum chuanxiong was studied in this paper. It was found that the contents and distribution of most inorganic elements in the stems and leaves of L. chuanxiong were higher than those in the rhizomes at seedling and shooting stages. The content of most elements in rhizome reached the highest at harvest stage,and the distribution ratio of some elements in rhizome was higher than that in stem and leaf at harvest stage. But rhizome,stem and leaf of L. chuanxiong have relatively stable absorption capacity and enrichment effect on different elements,and are less affected by growth period and position. Rhizomes and stems and leaves of L. chuanxiong were enriched with Cd,and stems and leaves also accumulated Pb at seedling stage and stem stage. The absorption capacity of Pb in stems and leaves of L. chuanxiong was higher than that of rhizomes,and the ability of absorbing Cd was less than that of rhizomes at harvest time. The total uptake of Cd and Pb by L. chuanxiong decreased with the prolongation of growth time,but the proportion of Cd and Pb in rhizome increased,so that the content of Cd and Pb increased with the prolongation of growth time.
Cadmium ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Ligusticum ; chemistry ; Metals, Heavy ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry

The contents of two lignans, namely 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin and podophyllotoxin in cultivated and wild Sinopodophyllum hexandrum plants were extracted by ultrasonicaction and determined by HPLC. According to the result showed, the order of parts of cultivated plants containing 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin from high to low is as follows: stem > root, no 4'-demethypodophyllotoxin was detected in leaves of cultivated plants; The order of parts of wild plants 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin from high to low is as follows: lateral root > petiole > rhizome > leaf, no 4'-demethypodophyllotoxin was detected in fruit. The order of parts of cultivated and wild S. hexandrum containing podophyllotoxin from high to low is as follows: root > petiole > leaf ( > fruit). Both of the lignan contents in different parts of cultivated plant varied in a " W" curve with the changes in seasons, with the highest content in July.
Berberidaceae ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Lignans ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Seasons

Shoot tips of a traditional table banana (Musa spp. cv. Kanthali) of Bangladesh were evaluated for in vitro propagation. Initial surface sterilization (with 0.1% HgCl2 for 12 minutes) of shoot tips was successful but microbial contamination (mostly bacteria) at the rhizomatous base of the explants was observed within 6-15 days after inoculation which eventually killed 85% of inoculated explants. So, for contamination free culture establishment explants were soaked in two broad spectrum antibiotics namely ampicillin and gentamicin. Cent percent contamination free cultures were established by soaking the explants in 400 mg/L ampicillin or 200 mg/L gentamicin for 1h. Antibiotic treated explants were found to be full contamination free but failed to regenerate after 3 weeks of culture. But some of them absorbed media for up to 2nd subculture and showed swelling of explants and some color changes from pale white to light/deep green. Finally, a few days after 3rd subculture, no growth of explants was observed and all treated explants eventually started to die. Among the untreated alive explants the best medium for single shoot development was MS + 4.0 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L KT + 15% CW and average time required for shoot development was 18-21 days. But the regeneration percentage was very low (30%). The best medium for shoot multiplication was MS + 4.0 mg/L BA + 2.0 mg/L IAA + 15% CW and only average 3-4 shoots were formed per shoot. Finally, in vitro proliferated shoots produced roots with maximum frequency (90%) in half strength of MS medium fortified with 0.5 mg/L IBA.
Bangladesh ; Culture Techniques ; methods ; Musa ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Plant Stems ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Rhizome ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Sterilization

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constitutes of caulis Marsdeniae tenocissimae.

METHOD70% ethanol extracts of caulis M. tenocissimae were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and semi-preparative reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). The compounds were identified on the basis of spectral analysis, including NMR, MS and IR.

RESULTSeven compounds were obtained and identified and their structures were identified as beta-sitosterol (1), condutirol(2), dihydroconduritol(3), betulinic acid(4), lupeol(5), daucosterol(6), 11alpha-O-(2-methylbutyryl)-12beta-O-acetyltenacigeninB(7).

CONCLUSIONCompound 4, 5 were isolated from the genus for the first time.

Eleven compounds were isolated from the stem bark of Mucuna birdwoodiana. Their structures were elucidated by various spectral analyses and identified as 3'-methoxycoumestrol(1), formononetin(2), genisten(3), 8-0-methylretusin(4), 7, 3'dihydroxy-5'-methoxyisoflavone(5), chrysophanol(6), syringaresinol(7), epifriedelanol(8), lupeol(9), respectively. All compounds except 2,3,8 and 9 were isolated from the genus for the first time.
Mucuna ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Plant Stems ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents from the ethanol extract of the stems of Lonicera japonica.

METHODThe constituents were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and MCI HP-20. Their structures were identified by phsicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis.

RESULTThirteen compounds were isolated and identified as protocatechuic acid (1), caffeic acid (2), macranthoin G (3), esculetin (4), luteolin (5), quercetin (6), apigenin (7), luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), isorhamnetin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9), diosmetin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10), rhoifolin (11), lonicerin (12), hydnocarpin D (13).

CONCLUSIONCompound 4, 7, 9-11 were isolated from this plant for the first time, while compound 13 was first reported flavanolignan from this genus Lonicera.

The chemical consituents from the stems and leaves of Psychotria serpens were separated and purified by column chromatographies with silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and PR-HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analyses, as well as comparisons with the data reported in literature. 18 compounds were isolated from the 90% ethanol extract of the stems and leaves of P. serpens, which were identified as chrysin(1), acacetin(2), genkwanin(3), chrysoeriol(4), rhamnocitrin(5), isorhamnetin(6), tricin(7), jaceosidin(8), dillenetin(9), kumatakenin(10), ayanin(11), isosakuranetin(12), eriodictyol(13), homoeriodictyol(14), taxifolin(15), pomonic acid(16), fupenzic acid(17) and euscaphic acid(18). All compounds were isolated from the genus Psychotria for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Plant Leaves ; Plant Stems ; Psychotria

The roots, barks, branches and pericarps of Juglans mandshurica were used as folk medicine in China and reputed for its treatment of several cancers, such as gastric cancer, liver cancer and leukemia. The extracts of the roots, branches, leaves and pericarps of J. mandshurica have been experimentally proved to show anti-tumor activities. Tannins, which exhibited antioxidant and anti-tumor activities, were the main constituents in J. mandshurica. In this paper, a simple spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of total tannins in the roots, branches, leaves and pericarps of J. mandshurica collected in Dalian and Anshan of Liaoning Province. Gallic acid was used as standard compound and the content of total tannins was calculated as gallic acid equivalent. As a result of the method validation, a good linearity (r = 0.9997, n = 5) and a high recovery of gallic acid (99.02%, RSD 3.7%, n = 9) was achieved. Eight samples including four parts of J. mandshurica collected in two places were analyzed for their total tannins with the established method. In the corresponding parts of J. mandshurica, except the pericarps, the contents of total tannins showed no significant difference between samples collected in Dalian and Anshan, while the content of total tannins in different parts of J. mandshurica were significantly different. The average content of total tannins in the roots, branches, leaves and pericarps of samples collected in Dalian and Anshan was 45.66, 23.40, 58.24, 3.58 mg g(-1), respectively.
Juglans ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Tannins ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from the stems of Cudrania tricuspidata.

METHODThe chemical constituents from the ethanol extract of C. tricuspidata were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographic methods. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data and physico-chemical properties.

RESULTThirteen compounds were isolated and identified as butyrospermyl acetate (1), glutinol (2), taraxerone (3), quercetin (4), kaempferol (5), isorhamnetin (6), orobol (7), 3'-O-methyorobol (8), taxifolin (9), naringenin (10), steppogenin (11), 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyx-anthone (12), 5,7-dihydroxy chromone (13).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-3, 6, 13 were isolated from this genus for the first time, while compound 12 was isolated from this plant for the first time and we firstly reported the terpenoids from the genus Cudrania.

OBJECTIVETo set up the optimums for the stem-tip tissue culture of Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivated in Anhui Province.

METHODSmall sections (about 0.5 mm in length) from the stem-tips were isolated and inoculated with different media, and induced to form the whole plantlet formation.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe MS medium added with 6-BA 2 mg.L-1 + NAA 0.2 mg.L-1 was the optimum medium for the bud sprouting and the inducing rate was over 80% after 40 d cultivation on this modified medium. The MS medium supplemented with 6-BA 2 mg.L-1 and NAA 0.5 mg.L-1 was the optimum medium for the multiplication of the adventitious buds in which the bud multiplication was about 4-7 times higher after 25-30 d cultivation. The plantlet could root well on the MS medium with NAA 0.5 mg.L-1.