This study was designed to identify the pathogen causing soft rot of Pinellia ternata in Qianjiang of Hubei province and screen out the effective bactericides, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the control of soft rot of P. ternata. In this study, the pathogen was identified based on molecular biology and physiological biochemistry, followed by the detection of pathogenicity and pathogenicity spectrum via plant tissue inoculation in vitro and the indoor toxicity determination using the inhibition zone method to screen out bactericide with good antibacterial effects. The control effect of the bactericide against P. ternata soft rot was verified by the leave and tuber inoculation in vitro. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the 16 S rDNA, dnaX gene, and recA gene sequences, respectively, and the result showed that the pathogen belonged to the same branch as the type strain Dickeya fangzhongdai JS5. The physiological and biochemical tests showed that the pathogen was identical to D. fangzhongdai, which proved that the pathogen was D. fangzhongdai. The pathogenicity test indicated that the pathogen could obviously infect leaves at 24 h and tubers in 3 d. As revealed by the indoor toxicity test, 0.3% tetramycin, 5% allicin, and 80% ethylicin had good antibacterial activities, with EC_(50) values all less than 50 mg·L~(-1). Tests in tissues in vitro showed that 5% allicin exhibited the best control effect, followed by 0.3% tetramycin and 10% zhongshengmycin oligosaccharide, and their preventive effects were better than curative effects. Therefore, 5% allicin can be used as the preferred agent for the control of P. ternata soft rot, and 0.3% tetramycin and 10% zhongshengmycin oligosaccharide as the alternatives. This study has provided a certain theoretical basis for the control of P. ternata soft rot.
Phylogeny ; Pinellia/chemistry* ; Plant Leaves ; Plant Tubers

OBJECTIVETo study the flavonoids from the leaves of Santalum album.

METHODThe sample was extracted with 70% ethanol by continuous thermal reflux. The extraction was separated and purified by column chromatography over macroporous adsorption resin, polyamide and sephadexlh-20. Their structures were identified by detailed spectroscopic analysis.

RESULTEight flavonoids were isolated and identified as vicenin-2 (1), vitexin (2), isovitexin (3), orientin (4), isoorientin (5). chrysin-8-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), chrysin-6-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), and isorhamnetin (8).

CONCLUSIONAll compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of the leaves of Psidium guajava.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and MPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis.

RESULTNine compounds were isolated from this plant, and the structure of them were identified as ursolic acid (1), 2alpha-hydroxyursolic acid (2), 2alpha-hydroxyoleanolic acid (3), morin-3-O-alpha-L-arabopyranoside (4), quercetin (5), hyperin (6), myricetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (7), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside (8), 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (9).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 3, 7-9 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of leaves of Albizia chinensis.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated and repeatedly purified with column chromatography. The structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic methods.

RESULTEight compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the leaves of A. chinensis and their structures were elucidated as quercetin 3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-rutinoside (1), kaempferol 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), rutin (3), D-pinitol (4), luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), (+)-lyoniresinol 3alpha-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), (-)-lyoniresinol 3alpha-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), syringin (8).

CONCLUSIONCompound 1, 2, 4, 6-8 were isolated from this genus for the first time, and compound 3 and 5 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from the leaves of Sterculia foetida.

METHODCompounds were isolated by chromatographic techniques. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.

RESULTEight compounds were identified as 5,7,8-tetrahydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone-8-O-beta-D-glucoside (1), 5,7,8-tetrahydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (2), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (3), apigenin-6, 8-di-C-beta-D-glucoside (4), puerarin (5), 5,7,8,3'-tetrahydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone (6), 5,7,8-tetrahydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyflavone (7), 5,7,8-tetrahydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone (8).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1, 2 and 4-8 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from leaves of Uraria lacei.

METHODChemical constituents were isolated by silica gel column and Sephadex LH-20, and identified by physiochemical and spectral analyses and by comparison with the standard compounds.

RESULTEleven compounds were isolated and identified as naringenin-7-0-beta-D-glucopyranside (1), (2S)-5, 7-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyflavan (2), dalbergioidin (3), 5, 7-dihydroxy-2'-methoxy-3', 4'-methylenedioxyisoflavanone (4), apigenin (5), 5, 7-dihydroxy-2', 4'-dimethoxyisoflavanone (6), 5, 7, 2', 4'-tetrahydroxyisoflavone (7), emodin (8), saliylic acid (9), daucosterol (10), and tetracosane (11).

CONCLUSIONAll compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from the leaves of Boehmeria nivea.

METHODThe leaves were extracted by 95% EtOH at room temprature, the chemical leaves were isolated and purified by repeated silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and semipreparative HPLC, and their structures were identified by physical and chemical properties and spectroscpoic methods.

RESULTOne compound isolated from n-butanol fraction, four compounds were obtained from ethyl acetate fraction and three compounds from petroleum ether fraction. Their structures were elucidated as kiwiionoside (1), eugenyl beta-rutinoside (2), uracil (3), beta-sitosterol glucoside (4), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzoic acid (5), cholesterol (6), alpha-amyrin (7). nonacosanol (8).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-3, 5-8 were isolated from the genus Boehmeria for the first time.

OBJECTIVETo study water-soluble chemical constituents from the leaves of Elaeagnus pungens.

METHODChemical constituents of E. pungens leaves were separated by a combination of macroporous resin column chromatography, reverse phase silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties using the spectral method.

RESULTThe two compounds were separated from E. pungens leaves and identified as kaempferol 3-O-P-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamn-opyranosyl-(1-->6) -/3-D-galactopyranoside (1), kaempferol 3-O-P-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2).

CONCLUSIONCompound 2 separated from E. pungens leaves was a new compound.

OBJECTIVETo reveal the factors that affect the contents of volatile oil and beta-elemene in oil in Sarcandrae and to provide scientific basis for Sarcandrae's reasonable exploitation and quality assessment.

METHODA GC method was established and the contents of volatile oil and beta-elemene were determined in Sarcandrae from different length of time to grow, different medicament portions, different collection periods and different length of time to dry.

RESULTThe length of time to grow had no significant effect and the collection periods had effect on the volatile oil yield and content of beta-elemene. The volatile oil yield and content of beta-elemene were the highest in Sarcandrae harvested in December. The yield of volatile oil in different medicament portions descended in an order of roots, leaves and stems. The content of beta-elemene was the highest in leaves and the lowest in stems. With the increasing of the length of time to dry, the volatile oil yield and content of beta-elemene decreased calculated on an anhydrous basis.

CONCLUSIONThe established method is simple, accurate and repeatable. It can be used for the quality control of beta-elemene in Sarcandrae. The study provides a valuable basis for the quality assessment, the development and utilization of Sarcandrae.

The roots, barks, branches and pericarps of Juglans mandshurica were used as folk medicine in China and reputed for its treatment of several cancers, such as gastric cancer, liver cancer and leukemia. The extracts of the roots, branches, leaves and pericarps of J. mandshurica have been experimentally proved to show anti-tumor activities. Tannins, which exhibited antioxidant and anti-tumor activities, were the main constituents in J. mandshurica. In this paper, a simple spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of total tannins in the roots, branches, leaves and pericarps of J. mandshurica collected in Dalian and Anshan of Liaoning Province. Gallic acid was used as standard compound and the content of total tannins was calculated as gallic acid equivalent. As a result of the method validation, a good linearity (r = 0.9997, n = 5) and a high recovery of gallic acid (99.02%, RSD 3.7%, n = 9) was achieved. Eight samples including four parts of J. mandshurica collected in two places were analyzed for their total tannins with the established method. In the corresponding parts of J. mandshurica, except the pericarps, the contents of total tannins showed no significant difference between samples collected in Dalian and Anshan, while the content of total tannins in different parts of J. mandshurica were significantly different. The average content of total tannins in the roots, branches, leaves and pericarps of samples collected in Dalian and Anshan was 45.66, 23.40, 58.24, 3.58 mg g(-1), respectively.
Juglans ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Tannins ; analysis