OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of plant growth regulators on the growth and quality of Angelica dahurica var. formosana.

METHODFive plant growth regulators: chlormequat chloride (CCC), Mepiquat chloride (PIX), Gibberellic acid (GA3), Paclobutrazol (PP333) and Maleic Hydrazide (MH) were sprayed in rosette stage, the effects of these plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the growth, yield and quality of A. dahurica var. formosanaw were observed. The biological traits were first measured and then imperatorin and isoimperatorin contents in roots were determined by HPLC.

RESULTLow concentration GA3 increased the yield while not influenced the premature bolting rate and the coumarin content.

CONCLUSIONSpraying of GA3 (30 mg x L(-1)) could guarantee the growth and development of A. dahurica var. formosana to have a higher yield and maintain the active ingredients content in the root as well.

Angelica ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Chlormequat ; pharmacology ; Gibberellins ; pharmacology ; Maleic Hydrazide ; pharmacology ; Piperidines ; pharmacology ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Triazoles ; pharmacology

This article introduced the theorem and method of hydroponics. Some examples of studies in agriculture and forestry were presented, the effects of elements, environmental stress and hormones on physiology of medicinal plants by using hydroponics were analyzed. It also introduced the feasibility and advantage of hydroponics in intermediate propagation and allelopathy of medicinal plant. And finally it made the conclusion that the way of hydroponics would be widely used in medicinal plant study.
Culture Media ; Hydroponics ; methods ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; drug effects ; growth & development ; physiology

Plant growth retardant as one of plant growth regulator can inhibit the cell division, elongation and growth rate in shoot apical meristem (SAM), which can be reversed by gibberellin regulate the product of photosynthesis transfer to the root and rhizome part. As commonly used plant growth retardant, paclobutrazol, uniconazole, chlorocholine chloride, mepiquat chloride, choline chloride and daminozide are used to promote the growth of root and rhizome, call as "zhuanggenling", "pengdasu", "pengdaji" etc. Single or recombination of plant growth regulator is registered as pesticide, and called as pesticide "zhuanggenling" in this paper. Growth regulator which registered as a foliar fertilizer or fertilization was called agricultural fertilizer "zhuanggenling" in this paper. The author investigate the usage of "zhuanggenling" in the root and rhizome of medicinal plants cultivation from 2012 to 2014 in Sichuan province, Huangyuan town, Mianyang (Ophiopogonis Radix); Pengzhou Aoping town (Chuanxiong Rhizoma); Pengshan Xiejia town (Alismatis Rhizoma); Jiangyou Taiping town and Zhangming town (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata); Yunnan Wenshan (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma); Henan province, Wuzhidafeng Town (Rehmanniae Radix, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma); Gansu Min county (Codonopsis Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix); Gansu Li county (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma). The result showed that "zhuanggenling" were applied in the most medicinal plant cultivation except Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. It has been applied widespreadly in Ophiopogonis Radix, Alismatis Rhizoma, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, Codonopsis Radix; Rehmanniae Radix, commonly in Angelicae Sinensis Radix application, and occasionally in Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Dioscoreae Rhizoma. In 53 collected sample from plantation areas, fifteen (28%) were pesticide "zhuanggenling", thirty-eight (72%) were pesticide "zhuanggenling". UPLC analysis results showed that 38 farmers fertilizer "zhuanggenling" content of 6 kinds of plant growth retardant. It is regarded that fertilizer "zhuanggenling" was dominant in medicinal plant cultivation, and that the plant growth retardant is added widespreadly in farm fertilizer "zhuanggenling". All evidence proves conclusively that "zhuanggenling" have been used in the proper way, whereas some others have been misused or even abused in the use regarding to type, number, use frequency. The root or rhizoma are increased to 20%-200%. But there is lack of evaluation to appraise the quality of medicinal materials from the aspects of research or industry. "zhuanggenling" has become a important Chemical control material besides fertilizer, insecticidal sterilization of pesticide
China ; Fertilizers ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development

UNLABELLEDTo study the effect of S-3307 on the yield and main ingredients of Alisma plantago-aquatica.

METHODThe contents of 24-acetyl alisol A and the 23-acetyl alisol B in tuber were determined by HPLC.

RESULTSThe contents of 24-acetyl alisol A and the 23-acetyl alisol B as well as yield were significantly increased in all groups applied with different concentrations of S-3307 comparing with control group. The optimal concentration of S-3307 was 80 mg x kg(-1). The residues of S-3307 was detected under 0.316 8 mg x kg(-1) (detecting limit).

CONCLUSIONThe optimal concentration of S-3307 is 80 mg x kg(-1), it reached the best result when applied 36 d after seedling.

Alisma ; chemistry ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Cholestenones ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology

A high efficient in vitro regeneration protocol was developed from leaf explants of the female 'Red Sun' kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) and the multiplication coefficient and rooting rate of adventitious buds were also optimized. This method does not require formation of callus tissues which leads to somaclonal variations. The results show that the adventitious buds developing directly from explants tissue were noticed after 30 d of culture. The maximum regeneration frequency of adventitious buds is 100% and 18.67 shoots was observed in each leaf explants when MS medium was supplemented with 3.0 mg/L BA+1.0 mg/L NAA. The optimal culture medium for bud multiplication is MS+2.0 mg/L BA+1.0 mg/L NAA+0.1 mg/L GA3 and the multiplication coefficient reached 8.63. On the rooting medium with 1/2 MS+0.8 mg/L IBA for 15 d, the adventitious plantlets were transferred into matrix perlite supplied with 1/2 MS liquid medium for 15 d and the rooting rate reached 100%. 95 out of 98 plantlets (96.94%) survived acclimatization, producing healthy plants in the greenhouse. Taken together, a highly efficient regeneration method via leaf explants of 'Red Sun' kiwifruit was successfully established. This protocol may be useful for micropropagation and genetic transformation studies of 'Red Sun' kiwifruit.
Actinidia ; growth & development ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; growth & development ; Regeneration ; physiology ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the technique of the callus induction from anther and plant regeneration of medicinal plants Liriope spicata var. prolifera.

METHODCallus was induced from anther of L. spicata var. prolifera on a MS medium supplemented with different hormones. The squash methods combined with a microscope were used to analyze chromosomes of regenerated plantlets.

RESULTMS +2,4-D 1.0 mg x L(-1) + KT 2.0 mg x L(-1) gave the highest induction ratio which was 41.07%. MS +6-BA 1.5-2.0 mg x L(-1) + NAA 0.1-0.3 mg x L(-1) was suitable for the induction and proliferation of indefinite buds. The buds were transferred to 1/2 MS medium supplemented with NAA 0.1-0.3 mg x L(-1) for rooting. The shoots produced roots of culture and formed complete plantlets. The regenerated plantlets originated from somatic cells. At the same time, the effects of pretreatment of low temperature at 4 degrees C on the callus induction were studied and discussed.

CONCLUSIONThis paper sets up the method of tissue culture of anther somatic-cells and intermediate propagation of L. spicata var. prolifera.

Cell Culture Techniques ; Flowers ; growth & development ; physiology ; Liriope Plant ; drug effects ; growth & development ; physiology ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Regeneration

OBJECTIVETo set up the optimums of tissue culture for Cornus officinalis.

METHODA section of stems of the fine varieties of Cornus officinalis were strictly sterilized, cultivated and geminated in medium with addition of different kinds of hormone.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe WPM medium with 6-BA 2.0 mg.L-1 + ZT 0.1 mg.L-1 + NAA 0.1 mg.L-1 was the optimum medium for the multiplication of adventitious buds. The WPM medium with 6-BA 1.0 mg.L-1 + ZT 0.1 mg.L-1 + GA3 0.5 mg.L-1 + NAA 0.1 mg.L-1 was the optimum medium for cultivation in strength. The plantlet could root well in 1/2 MS medium with IBA 1.0 mg.L-1 + 6-BA 0.1 mg.L-1.

Cornus ; growth & development ; Culture Media ; Culture Techniques ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Plant Roots ; growth & development ; Plant Stems ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo construct the fast propagation system of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. new line by selecting the proper type and concentration of plant growth regulators and proper explants.

METHODThe different explants of Houttuynia cordata new line were cultured on MS media with different concentration of different plant grow regulators.

RESULTStem node over-ground and shoot tip were optimum explants for fast propagation. The stem which node grew on MS medium with KT at 0.5 mg x L(-1) could induce more leaves and grow higher. The shoot tip cultured on MS medium with 1.0 mg x L(-1) 6-BA could induce better callus. Adventitious shoots were better achieved from over-ground nodal explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 6-BA at 1.0 mg x L(-1) and NAA at 0.2 mg x L(-1), or 6-BA at 0.5 mg x L(-1) and NAA at 0.2 mg x L(-1). MS medium with IAA at 0.2 mg x L(-1) was the best one on inducing roots.

CONCLUSIONThe propagat coefficient can be highly improved by inducing adventitious shoots through stem node over-ground, and thus plentiful seeds for production can be provided.

Culture Media ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Plant Shoots ; growth & development ; Plant Stems ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Saururaceae ; growth & development ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; methods

The study is aimed to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators on yield and quality of the Salvia miltiorrhiza. The plant growth regulators was spraying on Salvia plants in July or August in field experiment, then the yield, ingredient content and the antioxidant activity were determined. The results showed that plant growth regulator 'Zhuanggenling' could increase the yield of Salvia with root-planting by 38.45%. Plant growth regulator 'Duoxiaozuo' could increase the yield of Salvia with seedling planting by 14.19%. Both plant growth regulator significantly reduced the antioxidant activity of Salvia in vitro, but they had no significant effect on active ingredient contents.
Diterpenes, Abietane ; analysis ; Phenanthrenes ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; drug effects ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of S-3307 spraying time and density on photosynthetic characteristic of Ligusticum chuanxiong.

METHODThe photosynthetic characteristic of L. chuanxiong under different S-3307 spraying time and density was studied by plot cultivation experiment.

RESULTThe content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in leaf increased when the spraying density was 20, 40, 80 mg x L(-1), while the net photosynthetic rate was the maximum. When the spraying density was 160 mg x L(-1), the content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll as well as net photosynthetic rate were not increased.

CONCLUSIONS-3307 spraying can raise the photosynthetic capacity of L. chuanxiong and promote the form of assimilation products.

Chlorophyll ; metabolism ; Ligusticum ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; drug effects ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology