No abstract available.
Placenta*

Background: Stillbirth has a complex pathophysiology, hence the difficulty in arriving at a specific cause. Objectives The study aimed to identify the probable causes of stillbirth in a tertiary hospital based on gross examination of the placenta and the fetus, as well as, to identify the demographic profile of the stillbirths.
Placenta

No abstract available.
Apoptosis* ; Placenta Previa* ; Placenta*

No abstract available.
Placenta Previa* ; Placenta*

No abstract available.
Placenta* ; Trophoblasts*

Background: The contemporary obstetrician is increasingly put to the test by rising numbers of pregnancies with morbidly adherent placenta. This study illustrates our experience with prophylactic bilateral internal iliac artery occlusion as part of its management. Methods: Between January 2011 to January 2014, 13 consecutive patients received the intervention prior to scheduled caesarean delivery for placenta accreta. All cases were diagnosed by ultrasonography, color Doppler imaging and supplemented with MRI where necessary. The Wanda balloonTM catheter (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, U.S.A) were placed in the proximal segment of the internal iliac arteries preceding surgery. This was followed by a midline laparotomy and classical caesarean section, avoiding the placenta. Both internal iliac balloons were inflated just before the delivery of fetus and deflated once haemostasis was secured. Primary outcomes measured were perioperative blood loss, blood transfusion requirement and the need for ICU admission. Results: The mean and median intraoperative blood loss were 1076mls±707 and 800mls (300-2500) respectively while mean perioperative blood loss was 1261mls±946. Just over half of the patients in our series required blood and/or blood products transfusion. Two patients (15.4%) required ICU admission. Conclusion: Our study suggests that preoperative prophylactic balloon occlusion of bilateral internal iliac arteries reduces both blood loss and transfusion requirement in patients with placenta accreta, scheduled to undergo elective caesarean hysterectomy. It is an adjunct to be considered in the management of a modern day obstetric problem, although the authors are cautious about generalizing its benefit without larger, randomized trials.
Placenta Accreta

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Placenta* ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Extraembryonic Membranes* ; Placenta*

Placenta accreta syndrome results from the abnormal adherence of the placenta to the myometrium due to the absence of the decidua basalis and imperfect development of the Nitabuch layer. It causes serious obstetric morbidity due to the risk of massive hemorrhage. Balloon occlusion of internal iliac arteries has been used prophylactically to decrease hemorrhage in cesarean hysterectomy for placenta accreta. In this paper, two cases of placenta accreta syndromes wherein bilateral internal iliac artery balloon occlusion was done prior to cesarean hysterectomy are presented. Case 1 is a 50-year-old G4P0 (0030) pregnancy uterine who came in at 33 3/7 weeks age of gestation for fetal surveillance. Case 2 is a 38-year-old G4P2 (2012) pregnancy uterine who came in at 33 4/7 weeks age of gestation for decreased fetal movement. Both cases were successfully delivered via cesarean hysterectomy with prophylactic balloon occlusion under a multidisciplinary team in a tertiary care center.
Balloon Occlusion ; Placenta Accreta

There are few methods to control heavy intra-operative bleeding during cesarean delivery of placenta previa. Transient occlusion of uterine arteries (TOUA) during operation has previously been reported as a quick and safe method to control intra-operative uterine bleeding. We reported 2 cases of cesarean delivery with complete placenta previa in which TOUA was performed to safely reduce intra-operative complication, especially heavy intra-operative bleeding. In the 2 cases, cesarean deliveries were safe and without any complications under the TOUA method. TOUA can be a good method to control heavy intra-operative bleeding during cesarean delivery of complete placenta previa with risk of heavy bleeding.
Hemorrhage* ; Placenta Previa* ; Placenta* ; Uterine Artery* ; Uterine Hemorrhage