Objective To compare the efficacy of three kinds of neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB) in the patients with upper abdominal cancer pain.Methods Sixty-seven patients of both sexes,with upper abdominal cancer,aged 45-64 yr,weighing 52-69 kg,were randomly divided into 3 groups using a random number table:single-needle NCPB using crura of diaphragm space approach group (group S,n =23),double-needle NCPB via an anterior and posterior crura of diaphragm space approach group (group D,n =22),and continuous NCPB via crura of diaphragm space approach group (group C,n =22).In S and D groups,NCPB was performed with single injection of anhydrous alcohol 25-30 ml after CT-guided successful single and double punctures,respectively.In group C,a catheter was inserted into the crura of diaphragm space and then anhydrous alcohol 25-30 ml was injected via the catheter once a day for 3 consecutive days to perform NCPB.Before treatment,at 1 week after treatment,1,2,4 and 6 months after treatment,the daily consumption of morphine and VAS score were recorded.The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated using VAS weighted value calculation.The development of adverse effects such as diarrhea,hypotension,dysuria and damage to nerves was recorded.Results Compared with S or D groups,the daily consumption of morphine was significantly decreased at 4-6 months after treatment,the rate of effective treatment was increased at 4-6 months after treatment,and the incidence of hypotension was decreased in group C.The incidence of diarrhea was significantly higher in D and C groups than in group S.Conclusion For the patients with upper abdominal cancer pain,continuous NCPB via crura ofdiaphragm space approach provides perfect efficacy with fewer adverse reactions,and the efficacy is better than that of single-needle NCPB using crura of diaphragm space approach or double-needle NCPB via an anterior and posterior crura of diaphragm space approach.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of gabapentin for prevention of post-thoracotomy pain syndrome (PTPS).Methods Sixty-nine ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 46-69 yr,weighing 47-78 kg,scheduled for elective resection for lung cancer under general anesthesia combined with epidural block,were randomly divided into 2 groups using a random number table:group A (n =36) and group B (n =33).In group A,gabapentin 300 mg was given orally at 2 h before operation and gabapentin 100 mg was given orally three times a day from 1st day after operation until 10th day after operation.Group B received placebo instead of gabapentin.Epidural blockade with ropivacaine and sufentanil was performed before induction of anesthesia and the level of block was controlled at T4-10.Patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) was performed within 3 days after operation and VAS scores were maintained ≤ 3.The development of pain (numeric rating scale score ＞ 4) within 6 months after operation and the duration were recorded.The consumption of propofol and remifentanil during operation and the number of attempts for PCEA after operation were recorded.The adverse reactions such as postoperative drowsiness,dizziness,fatigue were also recorded.Results Compared with B group,the incidence of pain within 6 months after operation was significantly decreased,the duration of pain was shortened (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant changes were found in the consumption of propofol and remifentanil during operation and the number of attempts for PCEA after operation in A group (P ＞ 0.05).No adverse reactions developed in group B.Mild dizziness and fatigue occurred in 2 patients in group A.Conclusion Gabapentin (continuous application at 2 h before operation and 10 days after operation) can reduce the development of PTPS in patients with no obvious adverse reactions.

Objective To investigate the effects of permissive hypercapnia ventilation on cerebral oxygen metabolism and postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients.Methods One hundred and twenty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients,aged 65-80 yr,undergoing elective lower abdominal surgery under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=60 each): routine ventilation group (group R) and permissive hypercapnia ventilation group (group H).In group H,VT=6-8 ml/kg,RR=12-14 bpm,I: E=1: 2,and PaCO2 was maintained at 45-65 mm Hg and pH value ＞ 7.2,while in group R,VT=10-12 ml/kg,RR=14-16 bpm,I:E=1:2,and PaCO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg.Blood samples were taken from the radial artery and jugular bulb for blood gas analyses at 0,5,15 and 30 min after tracheal intubation (T0.3).Cerebral A-V O2 content differences (Da-jvO2)and cerebral O2 extraction rate (CERO2) were calculated at the same time.Cognitive function was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at 1 day before operation,and 24 h,48 h,1 week and 2 weeks after operation.Results Compared with group R,PEr CO2 andPaCO2 were significantly increased,and pH value,Da-jvO2 and CERO2 were significantly decreased at T1.3,MMSE score was significantly increased after operation,and the incidence of post-operative cognitive dysfunction was significantly decreased after operation (P ＜ 0.05 or0.01).Compared with the baseline value at T0,Da-jvO2 and CERO2 were significantly decreased at T1-3 in both groups,PETCO2 and PaCO2 were significantly increased,and pH value,Da-jvO2 and CERO2 were significantly decreased at T1-3 in group H,and MMSE score was significantly decreased at 24 h,48 h,1 week and 2 weeks after operation in both groups (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Permissive hypercapnia ventilation can improve the cerebral oxygen metabolism during operation,and reduce post-operative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of wireless analgesia system percutaneous morphine pumping in patients with refractory cancer pain. Methods A total of 19 patients with refractory cancer pain underwent continu-ous percutaneous morphine via wireless patient-controlled analgesia pump to replace the oral morphinefrom Feb 2013 to Oct 2013 were included. Recorded the pain relief time,degree and remission rate,dosing adjustment completion time and adverse reactions. And compare visual analogue scale(VAS﹚before and after 3 days and morphine consumption 24 hours of total. Results The average time of beginning of pain relief was 35 min. The VAS before and after treatment were 7(1﹚and 1(1﹚respectively(P﹤0.01﹚, morphine consumptions were (92.6±21.3﹚mg and (31.0±9.34﹚mg. The de-gree of pain relief was 94.7%(18/19﹚. The average completion time of morphine titration was 38.4 hours. The main adverse reaction of constipation,nausea and vomiting,urinary retention and psychiatric symptoms were recorded. Conclusion Wireless analgesia system continuous percutaneous morphine pumping can effectively control the in-tractable cancer pain, is safe, efficient, convenient, and reduce morphine refractory cancer pain patientsdosage.