1.Two Species of Endophytic Penicillium from Pinus rigida in Korea.
Chang Sun KIM ; Myung Soo PARK ; Seung Hun YU
Mycobiology 2008;36(4):222-227
Upon studying the diversity of fungal endophytes associated with pine trees in Korea, many species of Penicillium were encountered. In this study, we report two species of Penicillium isolated from the needles of Pinus rigida. Based on ID region analysis, cultural and morphological characteristics, the two species were identified as Penicillium fellutanum and P. toxicarium, both of which are new to Korea.
Endophytes
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Korea
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Needles
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Penicillium
;
Pinus
2.Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Communities of Red Pine (Pinus densiflora) Seedlings in Disturbed Sites and Undisturbed Old Forest Sites.
Mycobiology 2013;41(2):77-81
This study aimed to investigate differences in ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities between disturbed sites and undisturbed old forest sites. ECM root tips of Pinus densiflora were collected from 4 sites disturbed by human activities and 3 undisturbed old forest sites adjacent to the disturbed sites. Results in this study showed that the number of ECM root tips, species diversity, and number of species were significantly higher in the disturbed sites than in the undisturbed sites, suggesting that the ECM fungal community structure was affected by the degree of disturbance.
Human Activities
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Meristem
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Pinus
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Seedlings
3.Community characters of Lophatherum gracile in Yongchuan district of Chongqing.
Fu-jun YIN ; Shu SHU ; Hua-rong ZHOU ; Xian-you QU ; Rui PAN ; Yi-quan ZHOU ; Wei SUN
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2014;39(22):4277-4282
To understand Lophatherum gracile plant community's structural characteristics, a survey of community structure and species diversity was conducted through quadrat sampling in Yongchuan district of Chongqing. The results showed that there were 386 species vascular plants, belonging to 117 families and 229 genera. Based on habitat, community structure and species composition, L. gracile were found in three community types: Pinus massoniana community, banboo community, shurb community. Vertical structure was composed of three layers, including tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer. Species in shrub layer was the richness. P. massoniana is the only dominant species of the community, it can not regenerate naturally, the shrub layer has a greater effect on the community of L. gracile in the future. In addition, the banboo community and shurb community is not stable because of human's activity. Therefore, the community characters of L. gracile should be taken care of conservation when the resources are utilized.
China
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Ecosystem
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Pinus
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physiology
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Plants
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Poaceae
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physiology
4.Effects of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi on Growth of Seedlings of Pinus densiflora.
Mycobiology 2006;34(4):191-195
This study was conducted to investigate the different effects of ectomycorrhizal fungal (ECMF) species on the growth of seedlings of Pinus densiflora, and the effects of ECMF diversity on plant productivity. A total of five species of ECMF were isolated from root tips of pine seedlings collected from Mt. Songni and used as inocula. Pots containing pine seedlings were inoculated with either a single ECMF species or a mixture of five ECMF species. All of the seedlings formed ECM on their roots except for the control plants. The pine seedlings' growth responses varied by the different ECMF species. Also, pine seedlings inoculated with a mixture of five ECMF species showed the highest growth response. The results of the study suggest that the colonization of diverse species of ECMF will increase plant productivity, and the selection of suitable ECMF species could be an important factor for plant growth.
Colon
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Efficiency
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Fungi*
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Meristem
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Pinus*
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Plants
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Seedlings*
5.Molecular Characterization and Morphology of Two Endophytic Peyronellaea Species from Pinus koraiensis in Korea.
Jian Xin DENG ; Narayan Chandra PAUL ; Mei Jia LI ; Eun Young SEO ; Gi Ho SUNG ; Seung Hun YU
Mycobiology 2011;39(4):266-271
Species of Phoma and its allies were isolated during a survey on the diversity of endophytic fungi associated with pine trees in Korea. Based on the phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer and beta-tubulin gene sequences, two Phoma-like species from the needles of Pinus koraiensis were identified as Peyronellaea calorpreferens and P. glomerata. They were also morphologically identified based on the previous descriptions. Here, we report P. calorpreferens and P. glomerata being present in Korea as endophytic fungi in Pinus koraiensis.
Fungi
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Korea
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Needles
;
Pinus
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Sequence Analysis
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Tubulin
6.Two Species of Endophytic Cladosporium in Pine Trees in Korea.
Narayan Chandra PAUL ; Seung Hun YU
Mycobiology 2008;36(4):211-216
During our studies on the diverse endophytic fungi resident on conifer needles, many species of Cladosporium previously unreported in Korea were encountered. In this paper, we report on two species of Cladosporium from the needles of pine trees (Pinus spp.). Based on analyses of internal transcribed spacer gene sequence, and cultural and micromorphological characteristics, they were identified as C. oxysporum and C. sphaerospermum. Both species have not been hitherto reported in Korea.
Cladosporium
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Coniferophyta
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Fungi
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Korea
;
Needles
;
Pinus
7.Observation and Distribution of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in Pinus Roots.
Hung Chae CHUNG ; Dong Hun KIM ; Nam Seok CHO ; Sang Sun LEE
Mycobiology 2003;31(1):1-8
Detailed structures of ectomycorrhizae formed in Pinus roots were observed with various microscopes: light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopes. The mantles and Hartig nets commonly found in the structure of ectomycorrhiza were newly observed according to developmental stage by various staining. The mycelia were observed to be composed of coiled types on the surface of epidermal root during early stage and fused to form mantles of smooth fungal layers, loosing mycelia with some viscous liquid secreted. The ectomycorrhizal hyphae in anatomical roots penetrated the cortical layer and formed obviously mantle and Hartig net. The round spots of ectomycorrhizal mycelia were observed morphological distribution from the cortical layer to vascular bundle of stele in the ectomycorrhizal roots of Pinus species and especially scattered at the area of meristem at the root tip as longitudinal sections. Those mycelia penetrated seemed to move into other roots by means of vascular bundle of ectomycorrhizal roots and newly form ectomycorrhizal roots of dichotomous branches.
Fluorescence
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Fungi*
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Hyphae
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Meristem
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Mycorrhizae
;
Pinus*
8.Genet Variation of Ectomycorrhizal Suillus granulatus Fruiting Bodies in Pinus strobus Stands.
Mycobiology 2016;44(1):7-13
The genets of Suillus granulatus in a Pinus strobus stand (13 m × 60 m) were identified using random amplified polymorphic DNA molecular markers and the DNA of mushrooms that fruited for two years, and variations in genet size and distribution were analyzed. From a total of 116 mushrooms, 73 genets were identified and were grouped into three locations. The genets of mushrooms in close proximity differed from each other. The genet sizes varied at any of the three locations. The lengths of the identified genets in the pine stand ranged from 0.09 to 2.90 m. The average number of mushrooms per genet was 1.2 to 2.3, and the percentage of genets that were represented by a single mushroom was 44% to 94%. This variation in the genets of mushrooms in close proximity suggests that the ectomycorrhizal mycelial bodies of S. granulatus propagated sexually by fusing haploid spores derived from the mushrooms gills with below-ground mycelia. Therefore, it is necessary further to investigate the formation of new genets through spores in ectomycorrhizal fungal colonies.
Agaricales
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Animals
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DNA
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Fruit*
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Gills
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Haploidy
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Pinus*
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Spores
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Viverridae
9.Spore Dispersion of Tricholoma matsutake at a Pinus densiflora Stand in Korea.
Mycobiology 2010;38(3):203-205
The spore of Tricholoma matsutake is considered to be the starting point of the mushroom growth cycle, but the mechanism of mycelial development from the spore stage is not yet clarified. In this study, we tried to measure how far the spores of T. matsutake disperse from a fruiting body located at a Pinus densiflora stand in Korea. We established 16 slide glasses coated with glycerin near a fruiting body in four directions separated by four different distance intervals within a mushroom productive stand after removing all other fruiting bodies from three plots. The number of dispersed spores increased with time from the first day (475 spores/cm2) to the fourth day (836 spores/cm2) after the pileus opened. The number of spores dispersed downward was about 1.5 times greater than that dispersed toward the ridge. The number of dispersed spores decreased exponentially as the distance from each fruiting body increased. More than 95% of the spores dropped within a meter from the fruiting body, with 75% dropping within 0.5 m. Even so, the number of spores dispersed over 5 m from the fruiting body was more than 50 million when considering the total number of spores produced by a fruiting body is about 5 billion.
Agaricales
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Eyeglasses
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Fruit
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Glass
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Glycerol
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Korea
;
Pinus
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Spores
;
Tricholoma
10.Mycorrhizal Formations and Seedling Growth of Pinus desiflora by in vitro Synthesis with the Inoculation of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi.
Hung Chae CHUNG ; Dong Hun KIM ; Sang Sun LEE
Mycobiology 2002;30(2):70-75
The mycelia were directly isolated from eight species of fungal basidiocarps, confirmed to the ectomycorrhiza in the roots from the fields (forestry); Suillus bovinus, Paxillus involutus, Lactarius hysginus, Russula fragilis, Lepista nuda, Lyophyllum shimeji, Tricholoma matsutake, and Russula integra. The mycelia were pure-cultured with several transferring in various agars, and inoculated to the roots of pine (Pinus densiflora) seedling by in vitro method. After ten months growth under artificially aseptic conditions, all pine seedlings inoculated were stimulated at the growth-height, whereas those not inoculated were nearly dead. Also, the ramifications of ectomycorrhizal pine roots formed in the synthetic in vitro systems and were various according to the different mycelia. Synthesis of ectomycorrhiza were clearly confirmed in ten months growth, but not distinguished at this moment. It was clearly proved that the mycelia isolated caused the ectomycorrhizae in the roots of pine seedlings.
Agar
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Fruiting Bodies, Fungal
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Fungi*
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Mycorrhizae
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Pinus*
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Seedlings*
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Tricholoma