Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of bronchoscopic MMC topical spraying for the treatment of tuberculous cicatricial stenosis of the central airway. Methods 45 patients with t tuberculous cicatricial stenosis of the central airway were randomly divided into a control group (14 patients), treatment group 1 (group1, 15 patients), or treatment group 2 (group 2, 16 patients), who received bronchial balloon dilatation alone, bronchial balloon dilatation combined with topical MMC spraying for one time, and for twice, respectively . The clinical efficacy was observed by using the MRC score and measuring airway diameter at the time points before treatment, end of treatment, and 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment, respectively. Results For the MRC scores at different time points, the MRC scores in group 2 (0.06 ± 0.25) and group 1 (0.33 ± 0.617) were significantly lower than those in the control group at 3 months after treatment (P < 0.05 for all comparisons);there were nosignificant differences at the other time points among the three groups. For the airway mean diameters at the different time points, the airway mean diameter was higher in group 2 than in the control group at 3 and 6 months after treatment (P < 0.01), and in group 1 at 3, 6, and 12 months (P < 0.05). No statistical differences were found in the other time points among three groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions Bronchial balloon dilatation combined with topical MMC spraying has certain short-term and long-term efficacy for improving dyspnea and maintaining the airway diameter after dilatation.

OBJECTIVETo understand the distribution of prevalence rate of osteoporosis in the middle - aged and elderly in parts of China.

METHODSBone mineral density (BMD) was measured and questionnaires were taken for 5593 people aged above 40 years in five administrative areas in China selected by the stratified - multi - steps - cluster sampling method.

RESULTSThe total prevalence rate of osteoporosis was 16.1%. The prevalence rate among males was 11.5% and among females was 19.9% (P < 0.01). There were also osteoporosis prevalence differences among cities, age groups, gender groups and areas.

CONCLUSIONThe prevention and treatment of osteoporosis are very important for females but also should not be ignored in males.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Density ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Geography ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Rural Health ; statistics & numerical data ; Sex Factors ; Urban Health ; statistics & numerical data