Objective To study on application of problem-based learning in experimental teaching of medical statistics for medical undergraduates and to improve the quality of experimental teaching in medical statistics. Methods 72 medical undergraduates were selected at random. They were devided into the PBL group and the control group were observed for a term. Results The comparison of a questionnaire showed a clear preference for PBL group over the control group. Most of the constituent ratios in the PBL group were higher than the control group, showing significant difference(P

The brains from four newborns were used in this study. After continuous artery-vein injection with coloured materials, the brains were embedded in nitrocellulose. and coronal sections of 500?m, 100?m and 30?m in thickness were prepared in alternative and successive sequence. The 500?m sections were cleared in wintergreen oil and mounted, and the 100?m and 30?m sections were stained with thionin. The diameter and density of capillaries in thalamus and its adjacent structures were measured by means of Leitz MPV-Tasplus multifunction image analyser. All the data were dealt with variance and correlation analysis statistically. The capillary density of the thalamus and its adjacent structures varied obviously. The value in putamen, cellular layers of lateral geniculate body, anterior thalamic nucleus and subthalamic nucleus was the highest; while the value in dorsomedial nucleus, ventral lateral nucleus, pulvinar nucleus, ventral posterior lateral nucleus, lateral posterior nucleus, centromedian nucleus, medial geniculate body, ventral anterior nucleus and internal medullary lamina was the intermediate; however, the value in internal capsule and fibrous layers of lateral geniculate body was the lowest. The capillary diameter of ventral anterior nucleus and internal capsule was the widest; that of putamen and cellular layers of lateral geniculate body was the smallest; the rest was the intermediate. In the same measured structures, negtive correlation was shown between the capillary diameter and density.

The course, distribution of the intrathalamic vessels on 8 sides of newborn brains were studied by means of the continuous artery-vein infusion, Spalteholz's clearing and Nissl's staining. The brains were all cut into the coronal sections of 500 ?m, 100?m and 30?m thickness in alternate and successive order. The main arteries supplying thalamic nuclei were: 1. The thalamoperforating artery; 2. The geniculothalamic artery; 3. The medial posterior choroidal artery; 4. The medial inferior pulvinar artery; 5. The lateral ventricular choroidal artery. The thalamic veins opened respectively into the internal cerebral vein, the veins of the lateral ventricle, the veins of the interpeduncular fossa and the basal vein. There were three patterns of course relation between thalamic arteries and veins. They were solitariness, accompanying and one vein surrounded by several arteries.

Objective To know the characteristics and tendency of unexpective death in the elderly of Shanghai downtown area. Methods The data of the elderly unexpective death in Jingan District were divided into 4 groups. The causes and frequency of unexpective death were analyzed. Results The average rate of unexpective death in the elderly of Jingan District were from 208/ 100 000 per year in 1986～1990 to 11/ 100 000 per year in 2001～2003.It descended about half.Fall and suicide death rate descended about half as well. Since 1986, there was no descent tendency for traffic accident and poisoning death. Conclusions Unexpective death in elderly is preventable and needs to pay much concern by relative departments.

PurposeTo evaluate HBV and HCV infection among high risk sexual behavior group and the relationship between them. Methods173 cases were investigated at the STD outpatient departnent of Huashan Hospital. The questionarie measured sexual risk factors including age, the number of lifetime sex partners, the number of sex partners in recent three months, the age of first intercourse, the history of STD, the style of sexual behavior. HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA were detected by PCR. Patients who had past history of drug abuse or blood transfusion were excluded. ResultsHCV positive rate was higher in high risk group, especially in STD patients, and was positively related with STD history. Having sexual intercourse more than four partners in the last three months is the risk factor in getting HBV or HCV infection HBV and HCV infection are most commonly seen in syphilis people. Conclusions HCV infection is more oftenly seen among STD patients and people with multiple sex partners. Thus the sexual behavior way may play an important role in the transmission of HBV and HCV.

Objective To discuss the efficacy and safety of retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy in treatment of ureteral calculi.Methods All 33 cases with upper or midst ureter calculi were treated by laparoscopic ureterolithotomy,ESWL or URSL ineffective for 26 cases.The diameters of calculi ranged from 0.7 to 2.1 cm.Results All the operations were successful.The operation time was 30～120 min with a mean of 55 min.The intraoperative bleeding volume Was 40 ml (20～80 ml) on average no complication Was observed duing the follow-up of 6～12 months.All the hydronephrosis Was alleviated.Conclusion Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy is suitable for ureteral calculi treated unsuccesfully by open surgery.It is effective,safety and miniinvasive.

Objective To investigate the effect of ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury on apoptosis of pancreatic cells in rats with acute pancreatitis(AP). Methods Fifty four SD rats were randomized into 3 groups: pancreatitis group ( n =24), I/R injury group ( n =24) and control group ( n =6). The animal model of AP was induced by retrograde injection of 3% sodium taurocholate into biliopancreatic duct in rats. Pancreatic I/R was caused by blocking the inferior splenic artery and removing the clamp after AP induction. At 1 h, 3 h, 6 h and 12 h, groups of rats were sacrificed. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP biotion nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to detect pancreatic apoptosis, and histological changes of the pancreas were observed. Results Pancreatic hemorrhage, necrosis were respectively observed in the pancreatitis rats at 6 h and the I/R injury rats at 1 h. Histological changes of the pancreatitis rats at 1 h and 3 h were only congestion and edema. Apoptoic acinar cells increased after AP induction, the peak respectively appeared at 6 h in the pancreatitis rats and at 3 h in the I/R injury rats. Compared with the pancreatitis rats, apoptosis index (AI) of the I/R injury rats was significantly higher at 1 h and 3 h ( P

Objective To develop a new risk scoring model based on cuproptosis-related lncRNAs (CRLs) to predict the prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Methods Data were obtained mainly from TCGA and GTEx databases. Univariate Cox, Lasso, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to determine CRLs that affect the prognosis of LUSC and establish a risk scoring model. The ability of risk score characteristics to independently predict LUSC survival was compared with that of clinical characteristics by calculating the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Immune-related functions and immune checkpoint differences were compared between high- and low-risk groups. Results Nine CRLs were selected as independent prognostic lncRNAs for LUSC, and a risk scoring model was developed. Risk score was the influence factor for the prognosis of LUSC. The AUC values predicted by the risk score model for 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of patients with LUSC were 0.710, 0.718, and 0.743, respectively. The high- and low-risk groups were partly statistically different in terms of immune-related functional assays and immune checkpoint assays (P < 0.05). Conclusion The risk scoring model developed based on nine CRLs could predict the prognosis and immune therapy response of patients with LUSC in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVETo assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention program in sexually transmitted disease (STD) and condom-related knowledge and promoting condom use among STD patients.

METHODSSTD clinic patients were randomly assigned to three groups (A, control group; B, video viewing group; group C, video viewing plus education with talk) after administered with baseline questionnaire. Each patient was then scheduled to complete the questionnaire regarding the change of STD knowledge and use of condom in two weeks and 3 months.

RESULTSSix hundred and forty-eight patients entered the study. More than half of the patients were aware of STD-related knowledge. However the rate of condom use was very low. When having intercourse with the casual sexual partners the percentage of condom use was only 20%. Seventeen per cent of the patients knew nothing about how to use condom correctly. Follow up results showed that the education program increased the knowledge about STD to some degree. However the percentage of condom use in the latest sexual intercourse increased greatly both in intervention and control groups, but more in intervention groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSTD education should be focused on advocating and correcting condom use.

Adult ; Condoms ; statistics & numerical data ; utilization ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Promotion ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Patient Education as Topic ; methods ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; prevention & control ; Videotape Recording

Objective To investigate the application and effect of blended learning in epidemiology course.Methods The 83 nursing undergraduates in one class of grade 2016 were enrolled as experimental group and the 122 nursing undergraduates in another class were enrolled as control group.The undergraduates in the experimental group received blended learning in epidemiology course,and those in the control group received traditional teaching.An anonymous questionnaire survey was performed after the course ended,and the teaching effect was assessed based on the score of a non-standard answer examination and the degree of recognition of comprehensive ability cultivation.SPSS 18.0 was used for data analysis,and the t-test and the chi-square test were used for comparison of data between groups.Results The experimental group had a significantly higher total score than the control group [(85.55 ± 10.49) vs.(80.07 ± 9.47),t=3.897,P=0.000].Compared with the control group,the experimental group had a significantly higher degree of recognition of independent learning ability,cooperative ability,knowledge application,and problem-solving ability after blended learning (P＜0.05).Conclusion Blended learning can be applied in epidemiology course,and its teaching effect is accepted by students.