Objective To study the ameliorative effects of pseudoginsenoside GQ (PGQ) on electrocardiogram changes in rats with acute myocardial ischemia induced by isoproterenol (ISO). Methods 50 Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=10) randomly. Group I : i. v. 0.9% sodium chloride water liquor; Group II : i. v. verapamil hydrochloride of 0. 2 mg ? kg-1 ; Group III : i. v. 3. 0 mg ? kg-1 of PGQ; Group IV : i. v. 6. 0 mg ? kg-1 of PGQ; Group V : i. v. 12. 0 mg ? kg-1 of PGQ. Myocardial ischemia was induced by intravenous injection of ISO (2.0 mg ? kg-1). ST-segment changes in the lead II , precordial in lead V1 and precordial in lead V2 were examined. Results In lead II , lead precordial V 1 and lead precordial V 2 , ST-segment elevation of three PGQ groups were not obvious at every time point, the extents of ST-segment elevation were lower than those in sodium chloride water liquor group (P

Four compounds were isolated from the fruit of Panax quinquefolius L. , They were iden-tified as 20 (R)-ginsenoside-Rg3( Ⅲ ), ginsenoside-Ra1( Ⅱ ), pseudo ginsenoside-RTs (iⅣ) and a new com-pound named quinquetriose ( Ⅰ ). Its structure was established as β3-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-α-D-glucopy-ranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidences.

Objective To observe the effect of panax quinquefolium fruit saponin(PQFS) on hemodynamics and correlative indexes in the coronary artery ligated dogs.Methods The dogs were divided into five groups randomly(n=6): control group,gingkgo leaf tablet group(24 mg?kg~(-1)),24,12 and 6 mg?kg~(-1) PQFS groups.The myocardial infarction size(MIS)and the changes of the serum enzymes were determined by using the acute myocardial infarction models with the ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery of dogs.The parameters of hemodynamics and myocardial oxygen metabolism were measured in the anesthetic dogs with thoracotomy.(Results Compared) with control group,the myocardial blood flow was increased(P

Objective To investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rg3 (GS-Rg3) on the hypertrophic scars of rabbit ears and provide experimental foundation for study on its inhibition on the hypertrophic scars. Methods Hypertrophic scars were proved on 24 white rabbits,of which the whole level of the skin was excised for 2 cm?2 cm,4-6 points for each ear,controlled by itself. GS-Rg3 0.1 mL(concentration 3 g?L-1) was injected into experimental group and the same volume of saline solution into control group,once every three days regionally. The scar tissues were collected 2,4 and 6 weeks after the injection respectively,the thickness of the scar,structure under the microscope,and the expressions of PCNA,Bcl-2 and Bax were observed. Results In control group,three weeks after the epithelization of the wound,the thickness of the hypertrophic tissue was 3-4 times of ventro ear skin. Under microscope,the dermis was hyperplasia and got thicker,consisted with amount of fibroblast cells,collagen and vessels,the collagen was untidy,nodule or vortex,and the cartilage could be observed in some region.In experimental group, six weeks after the injection,the skin got thinner,the collagen became neath and the quantity of the vessels decreased. In the hypertrophic scars,there was high expression of PCNA,the percent of positive cells was higher (39.55%?6.07%) compared normal tissue (11.18%?1.71%).In GS-Rg3 group,the expression of Bcl-2 was gradually decreased two weeks after injection and obviously decreased six weeks later,there was significant difference compared with before injection (P

Objective To study the influences of ginsenoside Re on learning and memory abilities of natural apolexis rats and to probe its preliminary mechanism.Method Water maze test for old rats was used to observe the effect of ginsenoside Re on learning and memory,and electrophysiological technique to record the long-term potentiation(LTP)in basic synaptic transmission of the dentate gyrus in anesthetized rats.Results Ginsenoside Re can markedly counteract memory acquisition impairment in natural apolexis rats,and enhance the synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus and form the LTP consequence.Conclusion Ginsenoside Re can improve the learning and memory obstacle in rats,the mechanism may correlate with its enhancing the basic synaptic transmission and promoting the magnitude of LTP of the dentate gyrus.

Objective To evaluate the uncertainty of the pseudo-ginsenoside GQ (PGQ) concentration in human plasma by HPLC-MS/MS.Methods The whole process of PGQ determination by HPLC-MS/MS in human plasma was evaluated and the uncertainty caused by repeatability,weighing,standard solution preparation,biological sample preparation,extraction recovery process,recovery,instrument precision and calibration curve fitting were evaluated,respectively.The combined and expanded uncertainty values were both calculated.Results The expanded uncertainty values for low (15.16 ng·mL-1),medium (2 516.67 ng·mL-1) and high (3 902.00 ng·mL-1) levels of PGQ were 1.39,177.74 and 262.69 ng·mL-1,respectively (P =95 ％,k =2).Conclusion The uncertainty of the PGQ determination in human plasma by HPLC-MS/MS is mainly caused by recovery,repeatabihty and sample preparation at low concentration,by sample preparation and recovery at medium and high concentration.

Objective To explore the value of prenatal MRI in the diagnosis of fetal simple expansion of lateral ventricle(ventriculomegaly), and follow up the nervous system development status after birth. Methods Simple expansion of the lateral ventricle fetus by prenatal MRI examination were collected in Huzhou Maternal and Child Care Hospital from May 2013 to June 2015, 126 cases of live births in expansion group, 50 normal cases were recruited in the same period as the control group. In expansion group, fetal subgroup analysis was done:(1) unilateral or bilateral lateral ventricle expasion:one group was 98 cases was lateral ventricle expansion (77.8%, 98/126), expansion of bilateral ventricle group was 28 cases (22.2%, 28/126). (2) Prenatal MRI in the diagnosis of the lateral ventricle of expansion: expansion of the lateral ventricle width was greater than 10.0 mm, if both sides were expanding, the expand width was the heavier one side, divided into 3 subgroups: ①Expansion in group A (lateral ventricle width 10.0-12.0 mm) were 88 cases (69.8%, 88/126).②Expansion in group B (lateral ventricle width 12.1-15.0 mm) were 29 cases (23.0%, 29/126). ③Expansion of group C (lateral ventricle width> 15.0 mm) were 9 cases (7.12%, 9/126). All 176 cases were followed up after birth at the 3rd, 6th, 12th, 18th month (corrected age was used for premature babies), and Gesell developmental schedules (GDS) were used to evaluate the neurobehavioral development. Results (1) The MRI results after birth:21 cases were followed up by MRI after birth. In group A, 11 cases had MRI and 9 were normal (the ventricular width<10.0 mm after birth) , the other 2 cases were stable (the ventricular width measured first time after birth was ≥10.0 mm, but the difference was within 2.0 mm from the MRI before birth). In group B, 4 cases had MRI, 1 was normal, 1 was stable, and 2 cases were getting better (the ventricular width measured first time after birth was ≥10.0 mm, but the width decreased more than 2.0 mm from the MRI before birth). In group C, 6 cases had MRI. 3 cases were getting better and 3 cases were stable. (2) Overall GDS results:expansion group after the birth of the 3rd, 6th, 12th, 18th month GDS evaluation results compared with control group, respectively, the differences were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). (3) The GDS results among the subgroups:in each evaluation after birth, there were no statistically significant differences between group A and the control group (all P>0.05). The GDS results of group B at the 3rd and 6th month were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05); while there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 goups at the 12th and 18th month (P>0.05). And for group C, statistically significant differences were found compared to the control group at each follow-up time (all P<0.05). (4) GDS results at different times after birth in the expansion group:there was no statistically significant difference between the results at the 3rd and 6th month (P>0.05). But when the result at the 3rd month was compared to the results of the 12th or 18th month, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). GDS result of 6th months after birth compared with 12th and 18th months, respectively, there were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the results at the 12th and 18th month (P>0.05). (5) The GDS results in unilateral and bilateral ventricle expansion:at the 18th month, among the 98 unilateral cases, 86 (87.8%, 86/98) had normal GDS results(>85 scores);8 (8.2%, 8/98) had borderline results (75-85 scores);4 (4.1%, 4/98) had delayed results (<75 scores). Among the 28 bilateral cases, 23 (82.1%, 23/28) had normal GDS results;3 (10.7%, 3/28) had borderline results; 2 (7.1%, 2/28) had delayed results. There was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusions Among the simple expansion of lateral ventricle, those whose ventricular width are≤12.0 mm may not need clinical treatment. If the width is between 12.1 to 15.0 mm, closely follow-up and targeted rehabilitation training after birth are recommended. When the width is more than 15.0 mm, the risk of the central nervous system function delay is significantly increased, and early intervention might improve the prognosis.