Objective To investigate the characteristics of motor development in children with mental retardation. Methods Motor development was assessed with the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale 2 (PDMS-2) and mental development with adaptive developmental quotient (ADQ) of Gesell developmental schedules (GDS) in 430 infants (6~36 months old) with mental retardation. Results The gross (GDQ), fine (FDQ) and total motor developmental quotient were poor in all the children, and significantly different among children with slight, mild, and serious retardation (P<0.01). ADQ correlated with each sub-score of PDMS-2 (P<0.01). For PDMS-2, FDQ correlated with sub-scores of gross motor, and GDQ with sub-scores of fine motor (P<0.01) in all the mental retardate children. Conclusion The development of both gross and fine motor is poor in children with mental retardation. Mental development correlate with motor development, and gross with fine motor development.

Objective To observe the effect of early cognitive and speech intervention on children with developmental delay. Methods 58 inpatient or outpatient children with developmental delay from June, 2014 to June, 2015 were diveded into observation group (n=32) and control group (n=26). The observation group accepted early cognitive and speech therapy and routine rehabilitation training, while the con-trol group accepted the routine rehabilitation only. They were assessed with Gesell Development Schedule before and 3 months after treat-ment. Results The developmental quotient of the gross movement, fine movement, language and peasonal-social improved in both groups af-ter treatment (t>2.90, P<0.001), and improved more in the observation group than in the control group (t>2.84, P<0.05), especially in chil-dren of 1 year old than those of 1-2 or 2-3 years old (F>36.52, P<0.01). Conclusion Early cognitive and speech intervention may improve development of many dimensions in children with developmental delay. The earlier the intervention, the better the outcome.

Objective To explore the characteristics of visual P300 event-related potentials (ERP) in children with mental retardation and evaluate the correlations between visual P300 in event-related potentials and intelligent quotient.Methods Thirty children with mental retardation were selected as the test group who were inpatients or saw a doctor in the Department of Rehabilitation of Hunan Children Hospital.At the same time,thirty normal children were selected as the control group who saw a doctor in the Department of Child Healthcare of Hunan Children Hospital.Two groups had no statistically significant difference in sex and age (P ＞ 0.05) and were comparable.All children were administered with the Wechsler intelligence test in the Department of Child Healthcare and the visual event-related potential test in the Department of Rehabilitation.The results of the visual P300 latency and amplitude were analyzed.Another,the relevance between intelligent quotient (IQ) and P300 latency and amplitude were also compared by statistics.Results Compared to the control group,the visual P300 latency in children with mental retardation (MR) was apparently longer and the amplitude decreased significantly in children with MR,with a statistically significant difference between two groups(P ＜0.05).P300 latency in MR expected negative correlation with intelligent quotient and the amplitude in MR expected no correlation with intelligent quotient.Conclusions P300 latency and amplitude of ERP could objectively reflect cognitive function in children with MR,could be regarded as one of the objective measurement in the evaluation of cognitive function in children with MR.It can be used as an objective electrophysiological index for assisting in the diagnosis of mental retardation of children in clinic.

Objective To observe the effect of combining virtual reality technology with occupational thera-py in treating children with spastic hemiplegia resulting from cerebral palsy. Methods Thirty-eight spastic and hemiplegic children with cerebral palsy were randomly divided into a treatment group ( n=18) and a control group ( n=20) . Both groups received occupational therapy, while the treatment group was additionally provided with virtual reality-based treatment. The sessions lasted 30 min, 6 times a week for 3 months. Before and after the treatment the upper extremity motor function of both groups was assessed using the fine motor quotients of the Peabody developmen-tal motor scale, the Caroll hand function scale and a activities of daily life scale. Results Before the treatment there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of any of the measurements. After the 3 months, significant improvement was observed in both groups, but the improvement of the treatment group was significantly greater than that of the control group. Conclusion Virtual reality technology can further improve the motor function of the upper ex-tremities and ability in the activities of daily life beyond that achievable through occupational therapy alone.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection combined with functional training on the tiptoe deformation and gross motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy (SCP). Methods60 SCP children with tiptoe deformation whose family consented to inject BTX-A were as treatment group and treated with BTX-A combined with function training, while other 46 SCP children as control group were only treated with functional training. They were assessed with Composite Spasticity Scale (CSS), the angle of ankle passive dorsiflexion motion and D and E domains of Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) before and 1 week, and 3 months after treatment. ResultsThe effect of BTX-A began from 24 to 72 h after injection, reached the peak from 1 to 2 weeks, maintained beyond 3 months with few side effects. There were significant differences between 2 groups in the outcome of CSS,the angle and the standing and walking value (GMFM) 1 week and 3 months after treatment (P<0.01). ConclusionBTX-A combined with functional training is more effective on reducing spasticity of the lower extremity, correcting the tiptoe deformation, increasing the range of ankle motion, improving gross motor function.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Botulinum Toxin A (BTX-A) on spastic diplegia by surface electromyography (sEMG). Methods 50 children with cerebral palsy following spastic diplegia were recruited and injected with BTX-A in triceps surae. They were assessed with the clinical test and the sEMG before and after the treatment. Results After the treatment, the integrated electromyography(iEMG) of triceps surae and foot dorsiflexion angle all decreased. Conclusion sEMG is an objective tool to assess the change of spasticity in children with diplegia after BTX-A injection.

Objective To observe the effect of Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection combined with rehabilitation functional training on upper extremity motor function in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Methods 60 spastic hemiplegic CP children were treated with constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), physical therapy, electromyographic biofeedback stimulation therapy, occupational therapy, family-based training and so on after injected with BTX-A. The muscle tension of the hemiplegic upper extremity accessed by Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), the wrist angle of active dorsiextention motion by orthrometer, fine movement quotient (FMQ) by Peabody developmental motor scale (PDMS-Ⅱ), and activities of daily living (ADL) were performed to evaluate the effects before and 3 months after treatment. Results These outcomes were improved significantly after treatment (P<0.001). Conclusion BTX-A injection combined with rehabilitation functional training could rapidly reduce spasticity of the upper extremity, increase the range of motion, improve motor function of upper extremity in children with spastic hemiplegic CP.

Objective To observe the effects of electromyographic biofeedback electric stimulation therapy on lower extremities motordysfunction in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Methods According to the consent of the custodians to the new therapy,60 children with spastic hemiplegic CP were divided into treatment group and control group with 30 cases in each group. All children weretreated with motor training, physical therapy and wore the ankle-foot orthosis (AFO). The treatment group was received electromyographicbiofeedback electric stimulation therapy on their lower extremity additionally. Composite Spasticity Scale (CSS) of the hemiplegic lower extremities,the ankle angle of passive dorsiflexion motion, D and E domains of Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) were performedto comparatively evaluate the effects before and 12 weeks after treatment. Results The outcomes were improved compared with the ones ofpre-treatment (P<0.05), and improved more in the treatment group (P<0.05). Conclusion The electromyographic biofeedback stimulationtherapy in combination with rehabilitation functional training in the treatment for children with spastic hemiplegic CP is more effective onspasticity of the lower extremity, increasing the range of ankle motion, improving gross motor function of lower extremities.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of Botulinum toxin type A （BTX-A） on upper extremities function of children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods27 children with spastic cerebral palsy who were treated with comprehensive rehabilitation training and BTX-A were arranged as treatment group, and other 30 children who were treated with comprehensive rehabilitation training only as control group. They were assessed with upper extremities functional test (UEFT) before and after treatment. ResultsAfter 3 months of treatment, the scores of UEFT improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.01). ConclusionBTX-A can improve upper extremities function of the children with spastic cerebral palsy.