BACKGROUND:Nowadays treatment of osteoarthritis with drugs is not ideal. In recent years, more and more scientists try to use stem cells to treat osteoarthritis.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the stem celltreatment for osteoarthritis in order to promote its clinical application and find out its difficulties.
METHODS:A computer-based online search of PubMed database and CNKI database between March 1998 and October 2013 was performed to search related articles with the key words of“stem cell, osteoarthritis, bone metabolism, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells”in English or in Chinese, respectively. The word“AND”was used for the connection between the word retrieval. Literatures related to stem cells treatment for osteoarthritis were selected;in the same field, the articles published lately in authoritative journals were preferred.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 79 literatures were primarily selected, and 50 documents were involved for summary according to inclusion criteria. The stem celltreatment for osteoarthritis is realized mainly by promoting the repair of cartilage tissue. Commonly used methods are stem celltransplantation and induced differentiation of stem cells. Stem celltreatment has broad application prospects for the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Objective:To study the expression of IP-10 and its mRNA in liver biopsy of patients with cirrhosis.Methods:The typical patients with cirrhosis after HBV infection were selected,and their serum IP-10 concentrations were evaluated with ELISA,the content of IP-10 mRNA in liver biopsy was measured by Real-time PCR.The level of IP-10 mRNA was represented by lg cDNA/lg GAPDH.The expression of IP-10 in liver biopsy tissue was detected by SP immunohistochemistry stain.Results:The levels of IP-10 in serum and its mRNA in liver biopsy of patients with cirrhosis were (299.3?77.2)pg/ml and (0.856 3?0.150 6),lg cDNA/lg GAPDH respectively,which were significantly higher than those of control groups(P

Aim: To observe the effect of ursolic acid(UA)on the proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cell(VSMC)induced by high-level glucose and explore its relationship with p38MAPK signal transduction pathway.Methods: The proliferation of VSMC induced by high-level glucose(25 mmol/L glucose)was adopted as model,the inhibition of UA on the proliferation of VSMC was measured by MTT assay,and the expression lev-els of phospho-p38MAPK was detected by cell-based ELISA as well as the expression of c-fos protein was exam-ined by SABC method.Results: UA(20 μmol/L and 40 μmoL/L)inhibited glucose-induced proliferation of VSMC(P <0.05).Compared with the group subjected to glucose induction,UA decreased the expression levels of phosphorylated p38MAPK(P < 0.05),and also inhibited c-fos expression.Conclusion: UA suppressed glucose induced proliferation of VSMC,which might be related to the suppression of the activation of p38MAPK signal transduction pathway,and thereby down-regulated c-fos expression.

BACKGROUND:Apoptosis of chondrocytes eventualy leads to osteoarthritis. New studies find many mechanisms of chondrocyte apoptosis, but the mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced chondrocyte apoptosis is stil in the first stage. OBJECTIVE: To review how the endoplasmic reticulum stress causes the chondrocyte apoptosis and to explore a new method of treatment for osteoarthritis. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed database, CNKI database and Wangfang database between January 2000 and January 2015 was performed to search related articles with the key words of “endoplasmic reticulum stress, chondrocyte, apoptosis” in English or in Chinese, respectively. The word “AND” was used for the connection between the word retrieval. Literatures related to osteoarthritis were selected; the articles published lately in authoritative journals were preferred. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 62 literatures were primarily selected, and 57 documents were involved in result analysis according to inclusion criteria. PERK, IRE1 and ATF6 play an important role in the chondrocytes. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis mechanisms include two kinds, UPR and Ca2+start signal, but the specific mechanism and the interactions between apoptosis pathway are unclear. Inhibitory molecules for chondrocyte apoptosis in these signaling pathways as treatment targets for osteoarthritis may provide new methods for the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Objective To study the content of IL-8 in the peripheral blood and the expression of its mRNA in liver biopsy tissue of patients with hepatocirrhosis.Methods The patients with typical hepatocirrhosis resulted from HBV infection were selected.The IL-8 concentrations in peripheral blood of the Datients were evaluated with ELISA.The content of IL-8 mRNA in liver biopsy was measured by real-time PCR.The level of IL-8 mRNA was surrogated by lg cDNA/lg GAPDH.Reslllts The levels of IL-8 in the serum and its mRNA in hepatic tissue of patients with hepatoeirrhosis were(43 1.39±97.39)μg/L and 1.3647±0.2203,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of control group.MoreoCer,the levels of IL-8 in the serum and IL-8 mRNA in hepatic tissue of patients with positive HBV-DNA were (502.43-4-102.24)μg/L and 1.51424±0.2245,respectively,and both ofwhich were higher than those of patients without HBV-DNA replication(P<0.0l,P<0.05).And the levels of IL-8 in the selqlm and its mRNA in hepatic tissue of patients with higher ALT.AST also increased significantly.compared with those in control group(P<0.01).Conclusion The levels of IL-8 in the peripheral blood and the IL-8 mRNA in liver biopsy tissue of patients with hepatocirrhosis increase.which are related to the degree of HBV-DNA replication and the damage of hepatocytes.The IL-8 plays a key role in local inflammatory infihration of liver and the progression of post-hepatitis cirrhosis.

OBJECTIVE ToobservetheprotectiveeffectandmechanismofCompoundGinkgo biloba(CGB)againstalcohol-inducedliverinjury.METHODS MiceweregivenCGB0.125,0.25and 0.75 g·kg -1 ,Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE)0.1 25 g·kg -1 and bifendate(Bif)0.1 5 g·kg -1 for 8 weeks, respectively.At the end of 4th week the mice were given wine by gavage (56% V/V,0.01 L·kg -1 ), and (56% V/V,0.016 L·kg -1 )at the end of the 8th week.The serum was obtained to measure alanine transaminase (GPT),aspartate aminotransaminase (GOT),mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (mGOT)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).Liver histopathology was revealed by HE staining.The protein expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP)2E1 ,NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)and TNF-αin the liverwasanalyzedbyWesternblotting.RESULTS Comparedwithnormalcontrolgroup,theactivitiesof GOT and mGOT were increased in model group (P<0.01 ).Compared with model group,CGB 0.25 and 0.75 g·kg -1 groups and Bif 0.1 5 g·kg -1 group significantly decreased the activity of GOT and mGOT in serum (P<0.05,P<0.01 ),while there was no significant difference between these groups in serum GPT activity (P>0.05).Fatty degeneration and neutrophil infiltration were significantly ameliora-ted in CGB 0.25 and 0.75 g·kg -1 groups.Preliminary mechanism research showed CGB not only increased the protein expression of Nrf2 with a positive dose-effect relationship (r=0.942,P<0.01 ), but reduced the protein expression of hepatic CYP2 E1 and the level of TNF-αin hepatic tissue with a negative dose-effect relationship (r=-0.987,P<0.05;r=-0.940,P<0.05).In addition.The level ofTNF-αwasalsosignificantlydecreasedintheserum(P<0.05,P<0.01).CONCLUSION CGB may protect the liver fro m acute alcoholic injury and the mechanis m may be that it increases the protein expression of Nrf2,restrains the protein expression of hepatic CYP2E1 and TNF-αand reduces the TNF-αlevel in the serum.

Objective To study the mechanism of RING finger protein 34 ( RNF34 ) involved in innate immunity . Methods Recombinant PCR was used and transient expression of the plasmid was achieved in HEK 293T cells.The cells were stimulated with Sendai virus ( SeV) or N-RIG-Ⅰfor the indicated time while luciferase activity was observed using the dual-luciferase reporter assay kit .Results We constructed the plasmid pcDNA 3-Flag-RNF34 and its three mutations .The study found that when stimulated by SeV , RNF34 could inhibit the activity of NF-κB and IFN-βmore significantly than RNF34-ΔFYVE, RNF34-ΔCID and RNF34-ΔRING.We also found that RNF 34 and its three mutants had similar inhibitory effect when the activation of NF-κB and IFN-βwas stimulated by the N-RIG-Ⅰ.Conclusion RNF34 negatively regulates innate immunity by acting on the RIG-Ⅰ-MAVS signaling pathway .

Objective To study the correlation of multi-slice CT portography (MSCTP) and digestive endoscopy in the diagnosis and evaluation of esophageal and gastric varices (EGV) caused by cirrhosis.Methods A total of 92 patients with cirrhosis were enrolled in the prospective study.All the patients were examined by endoscopy and 64-slice spiral CT scan in 4 weeks.The types,grading of EGV were observed by endoscopy and MSCTP,and Kappa conformance test was applied with the endoscopic findings as gold standard.The sensitivity,specificity,consistency,and Youden index were evaluated for the diagnosis of sophageal and gastric varices by MSCTP.Results Sixty-five patients were diagnosed to have EGV by endoscopy and 27 were negative.The positive patients included 45 patients of GOV1,19 of GOV2 and 1 patient of IGV1.MSCTP diagnosed 67 cases of EGV and 25 patients of negative results.The positive patients included 46 of GOV1,18 of GOV2 and 3 of IGV1.Two patients of IGV1 varicose veins without positive findings on endoscopy were diagnosed by using MDCTP,which revealed isolated varicose veins under the gastric mucosa.There was high consistency between MSCTP and EGV in the diagnosis of EGV (Kappa =0.732,P ＜ 0.01).The sensitivity of MSCTP was 93.8％,specificity was 77.8％,consistency was 89.1％,and Youden index 71.6％.There was high consistency between MSCTP and EGV in the classification of EGV (Kappa values were 0.743 and 0.763,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions There is high consistency between MSCTP and digestive endoscopic in the diagnosis and classification of EGV in cirrhosis.MSCTP is superior to endoscopy in the detection of gastric varices.

Background and purpose:The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer increased gradually in China, cancer survival rate plays an important role in guiding cancer prevention and treatment.Methods:Data of colorectal cancer cases diagnosed during 2002-2006, follow-up information and death report were from Shanghai Cancer Registry, Life Table and EdererⅡ were used to calculate observed survival (OS) and relative survival (RS), the related demographic characteristics and status were also analyzed to relfect the survival situations of the colorectal cancer survivors in major areas in Shanghai.Results:In this study, 16 682 colon cancer cases and 11 906 rectum cancer cases were included in analysis, 5-year OS rates for colon cancer and rectum cancer were 48.84% and 51.65%, RS rates were 70.50% and 71.31%. Signiifcant difference in survival had been found among the various diagnostic stages, the survival rate in stageⅠ was much higher than those in stageⅢ and stageⅣ. The survival of colorectal cancer patients with different gender, age, tumor histological and residential areas were also found with differences, female was higher than male, age ranged from >44-54 years had the highest survival rates than other age groups. The survival of epithelial tumors was higher than other histologic types in colon cancer, and the survival of non-epithelial tumors was higher than other histologic types in rectum cancer. Over the past 3 decades, the 5-year OS increased dramatically in Shanghai. Conclusion:The level of survival of colorectal cancer in Shanghai is similar with it in developed counties. Colorectal cancer survival rate with different population characteristics may provide suggestions and evidence for further improvement of early screening, diagnosis and treatment.

Background and purpose:Incidence and mortality of gastric cancer have increased gradually in China. Population-based cancer survival rate can relfect improvements in cancer diagnosis and treatment, as well as provide evidence for gastric cancer prevention and control.Methods:Data from gastric cancer incidence and follow-up between 2002 and 2006 were collected by the Shanghai Cancer Registry. Life table and EdererⅡ were used to calculate observed survival (OS) and relative survival (RS).Results:A total number of 28 243 gastric cancer cases were documented between 2002 and 2006 in Shanghai. The 5-year OS and RS of gastric cancer were 32.15% and 45.81%, respectively. Survival rates of gastric cancer varied by age, residence, diagnostic stage, and tumor histological type, but not by gender. Patients aged 35-44 years who were diagnosed at stageⅠ or with tubular adenocarcinoma, had the highest survival rates. Moreover, patients in rural areas had higher 5-year OS than those in urban areas. During the period 2002-2006,both 5-year OS and RS of gastric cancer increased dramatically, as compared with 1972-1976. Conclusion:Survival rates of gastric cancer varied by age, residence, diagnostic stage, and tumor histological type. The 5-year OS and RS signiifcantly increased in Shanghai over the past three decades, but are still far below developed countries. Early diagnosis of gastric cancer would be an effective strategy to improve survival and prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.