With the development of proteomics, the application in the research for the function of proteins becomes popular. This review article presents that proteomics, a kind of tools of molecular biology, has been successfully used for studying the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

In order to evaluate the effect of chinese medicine (Yi Qi Xiao Zheng decoction) in reducing radiation side effect, an observation of peripheral blood WBC, stem cell amount, the function of liver and renal in mice was made during and after radiation.The results showed that WBC and stem cell amount were higher in Chinese medicine combined with radiation group than radiation only group after 3 fraction radiation(P

Objective To investigate the effects of isoflurane (Iso) on the water-maze performances in scopolamine (Sco) treated rats.Methods Fifty-five male SD rats weighing 150-200 g were randomly divided into 8 groups :group I control (Con)/1 d ( n = 6); group II Iso/1 d ( n = 7);group III Sco/1 d ( n = 9);group IV Iso + Sco/1 d ( n = 9) ; group V Con/7 d ( n = 6); group VI Iso/7 d ( n = 6); group VII Sco/7 d ( n = 6) and group VIII Iso + Sco/7 d ( n = 6) . In Iso and Iso + Sco groups the animals inhaled 1.5% isoflurane 2 h per day for four consecutive days. The Morris water-maze (MWM) test was performed for 3 consecutive days starting from the first day (group I -IV ) or the 7th day (group V -VII) after the 4 day isoflurane inhalation. Scopolamine 0.8 mg.kg-1 was given ip 20 min before the beginning of the MWM test in Sco and Iso + Sco groups. Results In group I - IV , (1) the latency period and swimming distance were significantly longer in Sco and Iso + Sco group than those in Con and Iso group ( P

Surgery is the first choice for the treatment of early non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),and lymph node metastasis is the most important factor influencing prognosis of resectable NSCLC.A large number of studies have identified the importance of systematic mediastinal lymph node(N2) dissection,which is also an important basis for the development of NCCN guidelines.But there are few reports about the dissection of intrapulmonary lymph node(N1),especially no detailed study on the dissection of the lymph nodes around the bronchi of non-primary tumor-bearing lobes and segments in lung cancer,and the NCCN guidelines were not detailed elaborate.This article will make a summary of the research on the correlation of intrapulmonary lymph node(N1) dissection.

Objective To explore the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)in central nucleus of amygdala (CeA)in the mechanism of fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia (OIH)in rats. Methods Step 1:12 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 60-100 g,were randomly divided into OIH and Control group.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (PWT)and the thermal paw withdrawal latency (PWL)were tested at pre-and post-OIH induction.Then the level of p-ERK in the CeA was analyzed by Western blotting.Step 2:After successful induction of OIH and catheterization in CeA,another 30 SD male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 6 each):Group OIH;Group OIH+U0124;Group OIH+U0126(0.1 5 nmol);Group OIH+U0126(0.45 nmol)and Group OIH+U0126 (1.5 nmol),then 0.3 μl of DMSO,U0124 (1.5 nmol),U0126 (0.1 5 nmol,0.45 nmol,1.5 nmol)was given through the catheter separately.PWT and PWL were tested before cathe-terization,at pre-OIH induction,post-OIH induction and 0.5 h after CeA drug administration.After the last test of pain threshold,the rats were sacrificed and CeA tissues were sampled for analyzing the expression of p-ERK by western blot.Results In step 1 compared with control group,PWT and PWL of OIH group were sharply decreased post-OIH induction (P <0.05),concomitant increase of the expression of p-ERK in CeA in OIH group was also observed.In step 2,both PWT and PWL were sharply decreased post-OIH induction (P <0.05).Intra-CeA U0126 injection,but not U0124, reversed both behavioral hyperalgesia and molecular activation of ERK in CeA in a dose-dependent manner (P <0.05).Conclusion ERK plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of fentanyl-induced hy-peralgesia.Targeting inhibition of ERK activation in CeA can alleviate fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia.

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of thyroid carcinoma in patients from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University in last 7 years,and to explore the changes in disease spectrum.Methods Records of 772 patients with thyroid carcinoma,who underwent thyroidectomy and pathological examination,were reviewed from January 2005 to December 2011.Results (1) Individuals suffering from thyroid carcinoma have increased rapidly during these 7 years.(2) The high incidence of the disease resided in the age group of 30-59 for both men and women,with a male-to-female ratio of 1 ∶ 2.73.(3) The proportion of papillary microcarcinoma showed a growing trend,the rising trends were also apparent in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) coexisting with nodular goiter or Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).Papillary microcarcinoma accounted for27.27％ of all PTC in 2005 and reached 54.22％ in 2011.Coexistence of PTC and HT accounted for 12.38％ of the cases with a male-to-female ratio of 1 ∶ 6.Conclusion The occurrence of thyroid carcinoma,especially papillary microcarcinoma has been increasing in recent years.The coexistence of PTC with nodular goiter or HT showed a trend to increase.