Idiopathic optic neuritis (ION) is a common disorder in neuro-ophthalmology. It harms vision function seriously. However, there are a lots of controversy and confusion about its etiology, etiopathogenesis and outcome of treatments. Recently, potassium channel, such as stichodactyla helianthus peptide (ShK) and TRAM-34, was found to be involved in the immunopathogenesis of ION, and regulation of potassium channel provide a novel immunomodulatory therapy for ION. This paper reviewed the research advance of potassium channel in ION. It is expected to further clarify the pathogenesis and search for effective treatment.

BACKGROUND:Disequilibrium of proportion of adipogenesis and osteogenesis from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)is associated with many bone diseases.However,it has been demonstrated that Wnt signaling pathway could play an important role in regulation of BMSC differentiation.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the different gene expression profiles and to find the target gene on Wnt signaling pathway of the BMSCs,after being induced to osteoblasts and adipocytes respectively using Wnt signaling pathway PCR array.METHODS:The third-passage BMSCs,after being induced to osteoblasts and adipocytes respectively for 7 days.The total mRNA of MSCs was extracted by Trizol.BMSC morphology was observed following osteogenic and adipogenic induction under an inverted microscope.Gene array was detected by rat Wnt signaling pathway PCR array.Non-induction group served as controls.The ratio of increase/reduction gene of osteoblasts and adipocytes was calculated.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under an inverted microscope,BMSCs with high homogenicity were obtained following passage 3.BMSCs differentiated into osteoblasts following osteogenic induction,and into adipocytes following adipogenic induction.Compared with non-induction group,fifteen genes(Dkk1,kremen,FZD1,FZD7,et al.)were expressed up-regulated(ratio ＞ 2)and 16(sFrp 5,β-catenin,Dvl3,Tcf7,et al.)genes down-regulated(ratio ＜ 0.5)when the third-passage BMSCs were induced to adipocytes.Six genes(Dkk1,kremen,β-catenin,Wnt11,et al.)were expressed up-regulated and 15 genes(sFrp5,sFRP4,Fzd1,et al.)down-regulated when BMSCs being induced to osteoblasts.Above-mentioned results suggested that Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in the osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation from BMSCs.

Objective To test a snapback primer for the identification of Legionella and Legionella pneumophila ( L.pneumophila) strains in a one-step real-time PCR assay.Methods A novel primer was designed with a pair of genus-specific primers of Legionella strains.The species-specific probe sequences of L.pneumophila strains were linked at the 5′end of the reverse primer.The sensitivity and specificity of the novel PCR assay were tested with 43 types of Legionella and non-Legionella strains.The established PCR as-say was used to identify 186 wild Legionella strains isolated from 11 provinces of China and 15 environmental water samples.Results The amplicon melting peak of Legionella strains was detected at 85-86℃.The snapback melting peak of L.pneumophila was detected at 71℃.No melting peak of non-Legionella strains was detected.The sensitivity of the standard strains and simulated water samples were 1 ng/μl DNA tem-plates and (1×103-1×104 )/ml, respectively.186 Legionella strains and 44 L.pneumophila strains isolated from environmental water samples were successfully identified with the snapback primer.Twealve Legionella strains and 4 L.pneumophila strains were identified from 15 environmental water samples with the snapback primer as compared with 8 Legionella strains identified with the culture method.Conclusion The snapback primer mediated one-step PCR assay could be used for the identification of Legionella and L.pneumophila strains with the advantages of high specificity and sensitivity.

Chinese traditional culture is the soil for the survival and development of traditional Chinese medi-cine,among them,the concept of A thing is valued if it is rare portal factions and master has influenced the development,communication and popularization of traditional Chinese medicine.But the spirit and thinking of harmony unity of heaven and man comparative state benevolence and self-cultivation and self-re-straint has played an active role in the development of traditional Chinese medicine.Thus this paper put forward the suggestions and opinions of strengthening the cultivation of humanistic spirit of higher traditional Chinese medi-cine talents:establishing a comprehensive evaluation standards of higher traditional Chinese medicine talents,es-tablishing scientific development concept to treat the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine cul-ture,perfecting the curriculum provision of relevant professions,creating the conducive environment for the trans-mission of traditional Chinese medicine culture,hoping to provide a reference for the explanation of the relationship between traditional culture and traditional Chinese medicine.

BACKGROUND: Acellular vascular matrix as vascular scaffold has following advantages: acellular vascular matrix possesses complicated three-dimensional structure of natural blood vessels. Growth factor and structural domain on the surface of acellular matrix helps for cell adhesion and infiltration.OBJECTIVE: To prepare acellular vascular matrix material and to evaluate its biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro.METHODS: Trypsin and Triton X-100 were used to gradually dispose pig carotid artery and to prepare acellular vascular matrix. The biocompstibility of the material was evaluated by implantation in muscle, acute toxicity experiment and cytotoxicity test in vitro.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The acallular vascular matrix material possessed good chemical stability and did not release harmful factors that produced destruction and dissolution in erythrocytes, without acute hemolytic reaction or toxic effects on cell growth. The acellular vascular matrix material showed lots of inflammatory cell infiltration in eady stage of implantation, and no significant inflammatory cell infiltration in late stage of observation. Fibroblasts were visible in the acellular matrix. In addition, the acellular matrix material did not exhibit toxic effects on surrounding tissues, showing wound stage I healing. Simultaneously,histological sections demonstrated that there were good compatibility of scaffold material and surrounding tissues, without rejection. These indicated that acellular matrix material presented good biocompatibility in animals.

Objective To identify and analyze the homology of Ochrobactrum isolated from clinical blood samples of children.Methods The 26 strains of Ochrobactrum anthropi were identified by Vitek 2 Compact and test strips of API 20 NE bacterial identification system.The biochemical phenotypes were identified by manual tests.The 16S rRNA and recA gene were amplified by PCR and sequenced.The drug sensitivity tests of Ochrobactrum anthropi were performed by Vitek 2 Compact and matched GN13 card.The homology was analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis.Results Based on the identification of the instruments and the manual tests for biochemical phenotype,all the 26 experimental strains were Ochrobactrum anthropi.The results of sequencing for 16S rRNA and recA gene amplification products showed 25 strains were Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum and the other 1 was O.grignonensein.Drug sensitivity analysis showed that the all the 26 strains were resistant to aztreonam,but the sensitive rates to quinolones,aminoglycosides,trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole,four generation of cephalosporins and the antibiotics compound of piperacillin/tazobactam were all more than 80％.Pulsed field gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the 25 strains were highly homologous with differences of only 1 to 3 bands in fingerprint profiles.Conclusion Based on the biochemical phenotype and the sequencing of 16S rRNA and recA gene,the Ochrobactrum-like bacteria could be identified to the level of species.The highly homologous strains of Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum may be sourced from a clustered infection.

AIM: Terminalia chebula contained hydrolysable tannins up to about 35%. It was necessary to establish a chromatographic fingerprint to meet the quality control need effectively. METHODS: HPLC method was carried out with 3 kinds of the mobile phase , namely, A∶ 0.05mol?L -1 Phosphoric acid/ 0.05mol?L -1 Potassium dihydrogen phosphorate aqueous solution, B: methanol and C: Ethyl acetate, running in gradient mode based on the previous experiment. RESULTS: A marked peaks of HPLC fingerprint of the raw material, the extracts and its final product consisted of gallic acid, terchebulin, chebulamin, chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid. CONCLUSION: The fact has depicted that chromatographic fingerprint is a powerful tool for in-process-quality supervisory control and dynamic analysis of the active constituents during manufacture procedure of immature fruit products of Terminalia chebula.

Objective To evaluate the application of time to positivity (TTP)in differential diagnosis of intracranial infection caused by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS).Methods One hundred and twenty-four adult patients with positive CNS isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)including 70 cases with intracranial infection and 54 cases of CSF contamination,who were admitted in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University during January to December 201 5,were retrospectively analyzed.The difference of TTP between two groups was compared,receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve was analyzed and the area under the ROC curve (AUC)was calculated.The application of TTP in differential diagnosis of CNS infection was evaluated.SPSS 1 8.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results TTP in intracranial infection group was shorter than that in CSF contamination group [(23.5 ±7.5 )h vs. (37.6 ±1 0.5)h,t =-8.71 7,P =0.000].The AUC of TTP was 0.854.Taking the cut-off value of 27.94 h,the sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive values in differentiation of two groups were 72.7%,91 .4%,90.0% and 72.2%,respectively.There were statistically differences in TTP of Staphylococcus epidermidis,Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus capitis between two groups (Z =-4.496,-2.322 and -2.399,respectively,P <0.05 or <0.01 ).Conclusion TTP can be used to discriminate early intracranial infection and CSF contamination caused by CNS,and also can identify intracranial infection caused by different categories of CNS.

The porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering were prepared by foam impregnation. The magnesium and aluminum acid phosphates were used as bonder and the hydroxyapatite ((Ca10 (PO4)6(OH)2, HA) powder as raw materials. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination indicated that the 3D interconnected porous structure of the organic foam was replicated well by the scaffolds calcined at high temperature and the structural requirement of tissue engineering was satisfied. XRD analysis showed that the scaffold was composed of HA and Ca7Mg2P6O24 while calcined at 1150 degrees C for shorter time and of (Ca, Mg)3(PO4)2 when the time prolonged to 2 h. There was no peak of CaO found in the scaffolds by XRD. According to the culture in vitro, the scaffold possesses good biocompatibility and certain degree of degradability.
Aluminum Compounds ; chemistry ; Biocompatible Materials ; Bone Substitutes ; chemistry ; Calcium Phosphates ; chemistry ; Durapatite ; chemistry ; Phosphates ; chemistry ; Porosity ; Tissue Engineering

Objective:To analyze the biological characteristics, phylogeny and the taxonomic status of strain 7712 (=CGMCC 1.17031=NBRC 113783=KCTC 15766) isolated from a clinical blood sample.Methods:Strain 7712 was identified by the cultural properties, cellular and colonial morphology, physiological and biochemical reactions, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry system, and genome correlation index analysis. The genomic phylogenetic tree was construct to analyze the taxonomic position. The virulence factors and resistance genes of strain 7712 and related strains were then compared by the online virulence factor database and online comprehensive antibiotic research database respectively.Results:Strain 7712 was urease negative, gram-negative nonfermenters, which was identified as Ochrobactrum anthropi by VITEK GN card. The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that the strain was closely related to the members of genera Ochrobactrum and Brucella. The phylogenetic tree showed that strain 7712 was clustered together with Ochrobactrum teleogrylli LCB8 T and Ochrobactrum haematophilum CCUG 38531 T, along with genus Brucella and other Ochrobactrum species. The genome relatedness indexes analysis showed that the average nucleotide identity between strain 7712 and Ochrobactrum teleogrylli LCB8 T was 98.16%, which was higher than the threshold for prokaryotic species. Genetic prediction showed that strain 7712 carried several virulence-related genes and resistance-related genes, of which the existence of OCH gene might be responsible to the resistance to cephalosporin. Conclusions:A case of human infection caused by Ochrobactrum teleogrylli is identified, which would help promote the understanding of biodiversity of genus Ochrobactrum.