Objective To investigate the best time of mini-traumatic operation to treat hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage in internal capsule. Methods Sixty-four patients were divided into treatment group and control group according to operative time. Patients who were treated with mini-traumatic operation within 6 hours were as treatment group, those treated with mini-traumatic operation beyond 6 hours were as control group. Results Twelve of 40 patients in treatment group were cured, 16 became better, 5 had no effect, 7 were dead, and the effective rate was 70.00%. Five of 24 patients in control group were cured, 6 became better, 5 had no effect, 8 were dead, and the effective rate was 45.83%. Conclusion The effect of mini-traumatic operation to treat hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage in internal capsule within 6 hours is clearly better than that beyond 6 hours.

Objective:To investigate the driving effect of prostate cancer associated transcript 4 (PCAT4) on the up-regulation of upregulator of cell proliferation (URGCP) expression in breast cancer progression through sponging miR-508-5p.Methods:The microarray data of lncRNA and miRNA with differential expression in breast cancer tissue were analyzed by Cancer Genome Atlas. The expression of PCAT4 in breast cancer was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell proliferation was measured by MTT and colony formation, cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL, and cell migration and invasion were analyzed by Transwell. The correlation between PCAT4 and miR-508-5p, and miR-508-5p and URGCP was analyzed by RNA pull-down and double luciferase assay. Tumor xenograft studies were performed to analyze the correlation between PCAT4/miR-508-5p/URGCP axis and breast cancer cell growth in vivo. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s). T-test was used for comparison between two groups, and one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups. The correlation between PCAT4 and URGCP and miR-508-5p expression was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. Results:The expression level of PCAT4 was up-regulated in breast cancer tissues and cells. Knockout of PCAT4 inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis and promoted cell apoptosis. miR-508-5p was the target of PCAT4 and was negatively correlated with PCAT4. Overexpression of miR-508-5p in breast cancer can inhibit cell growth, migration and invasion, and promote cell apoptosis. URGCP is the target of miR-508-5p and induces progression of breast cancer. Tumor xenograft studies showed that PCAT4 drives breast cancer progression by affecting miR-508-5p/URGCP.Conclusion:The expression of PCAT4 is up-regulated in breast cancer tissues and cells, and PCAT4 can act as a molecular sponge of miR-508-5p, and significantly promote breast cancer progression by activating URGCP protein expression.

Objective:To explore the effects of miR-451 on glycolysis and apoptosis of breast cancer cells by regulating the Rho/ROCK1 pathway.Methods:Breast cancer MCF7 cells were divided into breast cancer cells (BC) group, breast cancer cells + miR-451-NC (MN) group, breast cancer cells + miR-451 inhibitor (MI) group, breast cancer cells + miR-451 mimic (MM) group, breast cancer cells + lysophosphatidic acid (BL) group, breast cancer cells + fasudil (BF) group, and breast cancer cells + miR-451 mimic + fasudil (MF) group. Glucose uptake detection kit and lactate detection kit were used to detect cell glycolysis, DAPI staining was used to detect cell apoptosis, Western blotting was used to detect Rho/ROCK1 pathway protein expression, and double luciferase reporting assay was used to confirm the interaction between miR-451 and Rho/ROCK1.Results:The glucose intake of cells in the BC group, MN group, MI group and MM group were (14.22±2.36) ×10 5 mg/h, (14.20±2.37) ×10 5 mg/h, (21.55±2.43) ×10 5 mg/h, (6.19±1.34) ×10 5 mg/h ( F=5.30, P<0.001), respectively, and lactic acid production were (1.52±0.21) ×10 5 μg/h, (1.53±0.22) ×10 5 μg/h, (2.05±0.32) ×10 5 μg/h, (0.54±0.12) ×10 5 μg/h ( F=3.28, P=0.008), respectively. The apoptosis rates were (10.13±1.35) %, (10.16±1.37) %, (5.36±1.24) %, (28.47±2.56) % ( F=6.36, P<0.001), respectively. The expressions of Rho protein were 2.31±0.46, 2.32±0.41, 2.95±0.35, 1.05±0.25 ( F=2.86, P=0.017), respectively. The expressions of ROCK1 protein were 2.51±0.41, 2.52±0.42, 3.05±0.33, 1.15±0.13 ( F=2.43, P=0.035), and there were statistically significant differences between the MN and MI groups, MN and MM groups, MI and MM groups (all P<0.05). The glucose intake in the BC group, BL group and BF group were (14.22±2.36) ×10 5 mg/h, (21.54±2.40) ×10 5 mg/h, (6.20±1.35) ×10 5 mg/h ( F=5.33, P<0.001), respectively. Lactic acid production were (1.52±0.21) ×10 5 μg/h, (2.01±0.30) ×10 5 μg/h, (0.55±0.12) ×10 5 μg/h ( F=3.28, P=0.008), respectively. The apoptosis rates were (10.13±1.35) %, (5.34±1.22) %, (28.44±2.54) % ( F=6.45, P<0.001). The expressions of Rho protein were 2.31±0.46, 2.94±0.45, 1.01±0.24 ( F=2.40, P=0.037), respectively, and the expressions of ROCK1 protein were 2.51±0.41, 3.08±0.42 and 1.13±0.12, respectively ( F=2.38, P=0.039). The pairwise comparisons among the three groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05). In the MF group, glucose intake was (3.21±0.89) ×10 5 mg/h, lactic acid production was (0.33±0.04) ×10 5 μg/h, apoptosis rate was (38.01±2.87) %, Rho protein expression was 0.55±0.14, and ROCK1 protein expression was 0.51±0.10. There were statistically significant differences among the MM group, BF group and MF group ( F=4.53, P=0.001; F=4.26, P=0.002; F=6.12, P<0.001; F=4.06, P=0.002; F=9.72, P<0.001), and there were statistically significant differences between the MF group and BF group (all P<0.05). Dual luciferase report showed that miR-451 transfection significantly decreased the luciferase activity of ROCK1-3'-UTR-WT (0.59±0.03 vs. 1.01±0.05, t=17.64, P<0.001), but had no significant effect on mutated genes (1.01±0.07 vs. 1.02±0.04, t=0.30, P=0.767) . Conclusion:Overexpression of miR-451 can significantly inhibit glycolysis of breast cancer cells and promote apoptosis of breast cancer cells, the mechanism of which may be related to inhibition of Rho/ROCK1 pathway.

ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristic expression patterns of six neurotransmitters including 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， dopamine （DA）， acetylcholine （ACh）， norepinephrine （NE）， inhibitory neurotransmitter （INH）， and excitatory neurotransmitter （EXC） in the whole brain and different brain regions of depression patients by Search of Encephalo Telex （SET）， providing new ideas for the study of heterogeneous etiology of depression. Methods（1） A retrospective study was conducted on supra-slow signals of EEG fluctuations in 1 028 patients with depression. The SET system was used to obtain the expression information of six neurotransmitters in the whole brain and 12 brain regions： left frontal region （F3）， right frontal region （F4）， left central region （C3）， right central region （C4）， left parietal region （P3）， right parietal region （P4）， left occipital region （O1）， right occipital region （O2）， left anterior temporal region （F7）， right anterior temporal region （F8）， left posterior temporal region （T5）， and right posterior temporal region （T6）. The expression information of each neurotransmitter was compared with the normal model， and it was found that single neurotransmitter was in one of three states： increased， decreased， or normal expression. The simultaneous expression states of six neurotransmitters in the brain space were referred to as the expression pattern of multiple neurotransmitters. （2） A MySQL database was established to analyze the actual expression patterns of different neurotransmitters in the whole brain of patients with depression. （3） Factor analysis was conducted to further analyze the characteristic rules of 78 variables of neurotransmitters in the whole brain and 12 brain regions in depression patients. Results（1） The expression of single neurotransmitters in the whole brain and different brain regions of the total depression population showed one of three expression states （increased/decreased/normal）， being normal in the majority. The decreased and increased expression of 5-HT， ACh， DA， INH， EXC， and NE in the whole brain occurred in 6% and 25%， 31% and 17%， 36% and 9%， 15% and 31%， 32% and 14%， and 22% and 22%， respectively. （2） The antagonizing pairs of neurotransmitters （EXC/INH， DA/5-HT， and ACh/NE） showed significant antagonistic relationships in the whole brain and different brain regions， with a strong negative correlation between EXC and INH （P<0.01， |r| values ranging from 0.69 to 0.76）， a strong negative correlation between DA and 5-HT （P<0.01， |r| values ranging from 0.83 to 0.90）， and a moderate negative correlation between ACh and NE （P<0.01， with |r| values ranging from 0.56 to 0.66）. Meanwhile， non-antagonizing pairs of neurotransmitters in the whole brain and different brain regions also showed correlations， with DA/NE （P<0.01， |r| values ranging from 0.38 to 0.46） and NE/EXC （P<0.01， |r| values ranging from 0.56 to 0.61） showing weak and moderate negative correlations， respectively， and DA/EXC showing a weak positive correlation （P<0.01， |r| values ranging from 0.38 to 0.47）. （3） The six neurotransmitters in the 1 028 patients with depression presented a total of 170 expression patterns in the whole brain. The top 30 expression patterns were reported in this paper， with a cumulative rate of 60.60%， including patterns ① INH+/5-HT-/ACh+/DA+/NE-/EXC- （9.05%）， ② INH+/5-HT-/ACh↓/DA+/NE-/EXC- （4.57%）， and ③ INH+/5-HT-/ACh+/DA+/NE↓/EXC- （3.31%）. That is， the proportion of depression patients with normal levels of all the six neurotransmitters was 9.05%， and the patients with at least one neurotransmitter abnormality accounted for 91.95%. （4） The factor analysis extracted 22 common factors from 78 variables in the whole brain and different brain regions. These common factors showed the absolute values of loadings ranging from 0.32 to 0.86 and the eigenvalues （F） ranging from 1.03 to 13.43， with a cumulative contribution rate of 76.82%. The characteristic expression patterns included ① ACh_P3↓/ACh_W↓/ACh_C3↓/ACh_F3↓/ACh_O1↓/ACh_T5↓/ACh_F7↓/NE_P3↑/NE_W↑/NE_C3↑/NE_F3↑/NE_O1↑/NE_T5↑/NE_F7↑ （F=13.43， whole brain）， ② 5-HT_O2↑/DA_O2↓/5-HT_P4↑/DA_P4↓/5-HT_W↑/DA_W↓/5-HT_C4↑/DA_C4↓ （F=5.94）， and ③ EXC_F4↓/DA_F4↓/NE_F4↑/INH_F4↑/5-HT_F4↑/ACh_F4↓ （F=5.33）. ConclusionThe actual 170 expression patterns of 6 neurotransmitters in the whole brain of 1 028 depression patients indicate that depression is a heterogeneous disease with individualized characteristics. The 22 characteristic expression patterns in the whole brain and 12 brain regions verify the pathogenesis hypothesis of multi-neurotransmitters oscillation imbalance in brains of depression patients. In summary， this study provides new guidance for the etiology， diagnosis， and treatment of depression and establishes a methodological foundation for the effectiveness evaluation of individualized treatment of depression by traditional Chinese medicine based on the objective biological markers.

ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristic expression patterns of six neurotransmitters including 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， dopamine （DA）， acetylcholine （ACh）， norepinephrine （NE）， inhibitory neurotransmitter （INH）， and excitatory neurotransmitter （EXC） in the whole brain and different brain regions of depression patients by Search of Encephalo Telex （SET）， providing new ideas for the study of heterogeneous etiology of depression. Methods（1） A retrospective study was conducted on supra-slow signals of EEG fluctuations in 1 028 patients with depression. The SET system was used to obtain the expression information of six neurotransmitters in the whole brain and 12 brain regions： left frontal region （F3）， right frontal region （F4）， left central region （C3）， right central region （C4）， left parietal region （P3）， right parietal region （P4）， left occipital region （O1）， right occipital region （O2）， left anterior temporal region （F7）， right anterior temporal region （F8）， left posterior temporal region （T5）， and right posterior temporal region （T6）. The expression information of each neurotransmitter was compared with the normal model， and it was found that single neurotransmitter was in one of three states： increased， decreased， or normal expression. The simultaneous expression states of six neurotransmitters in the brain space were referred to as the expression pattern of multiple neurotransmitters. （2） A MySQL database was established to analyze the actual expression patterns of different neurotransmitters in the whole brain of patients with depression. （3） Factor analysis was conducted to further analyze the characteristic rules of 78 variables of neurotransmitters in the whole brain and 12 brain regions in depression patients. Results（1） The expression of single neurotransmitters in the whole brain and different brain regions of the total depression population showed one of three expression states （increased/decreased/normal）， being normal in the majority. The decreased and increased expression of 5-HT， ACh， DA， INH， EXC， and NE in the whole brain occurred in 6% and 25%， 31% and 17%， 36% and 9%， 15% and 31%， 32% and 14%， and 22% and 22%， respectively. （2） The antagonizing pairs of neurotransmitters （EXC/INH， DA/5-HT， and ACh/NE） showed significant antagonistic relationships in the whole brain and different brain regions， with a strong negative correlation between EXC and INH （P<0.01， |r| values ranging from 0.69 to 0.76）， a strong negative correlation between DA and 5-HT （P<0.01， |r| values ranging from 0.83 to 0.90）， and a moderate negative correlation between ACh and NE （P<0.01， with |r| values ranging from 0.56 to 0.66）. Meanwhile， non-antagonizing pairs of neurotransmitters in the whole brain and different brain regions also showed correlations， with DA/NE （P<0.01， |r| values ranging from 0.38 to 0.46） and NE/EXC （P<0.01， |r| values ranging from 0.56 to 0.61） showing weak and moderate negative correlations， respectively， and DA/EXC showing a weak positive correlation （P<0.01， |r| values ranging from 0.38 to 0.47）. （3） The six neurotransmitters in the 1 028 patients with depression presented a total of 170 expression patterns in the whole brain. The top 30 expression patterns were reported in this paper， with a cumulative rate of 60.60%， including patterns ① INH+/5-HT-/ACh+/DA+/NE-/EXC- （9.05%）， ② INH+/5-HT-/ACh↓/DA+/NE-/EXC- （4.57%）， and ③ INH+/5-HT-/ACh+/DA+/NE↓/EXC- （3.31%）. That is， the proportion of depression patients with normal levels of all the six neurotransmitters was 9.05%， and the patients with at least one neurotransmitter abnormality accounted for 91.95%. （4） The factor analysis extracted 22 common factors from 78 variables in the whole brain and different brain regions. These common factors showed the absolute values of loadings ranging from 0.32 to 0.86 and the eigenvalues （F） ranging from 1.03 to 13.43， with a cumulative contribution rate of 76.82%. The characteristic expression patterns included ① ACh_P3↓/ACh_W↓/ACh_C3↓/ACh_F3↓/ACh_O1↓/ACh_T5↓/ACh_F7↓/NE_P3↑/NE_W↑/NE_C3↑/NE_F3↑/NE_O1↑/NE_T5↑/NE_F7↑ （F=13.43， whole brain）， ② 5-HT_O2↑/DA_O2↓/5-HT_P4↑/DA_P4↓/5-HT_W↑/DA_W↓/5-HT_C4↑/DA_C4↓ （F=5.94）， and ③ EXC_F4↓/DA_F4↓/NE_F4↑/INH_F4↑/5-HT_F4↑/ACh_F4↓ （F=5.33）. ConclusionThe actual 170 expression patterns of 6 neurotransmitters in the whole brain of 1 028 depression patients indicate that depression is a heterogeneous disease with individualized characteristics. The 22 characteristic expression patterns in the whole brain and 12 brain regions verify the pathogenesis hypothesis of multi-neurotransmitters oscillation imbalance in brains of depression patients. In summary， this study provides new guidance for the etiology， diagnosis， and treatment of depression and establishes a methodological foundation for the effectiveness evaluation of individualized treatment of depression by traditional Chinese medicine based on the objective biological markers.