Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common and serious chronic complications. Recently, great quantities of researches show that there are correlations between the oxidative stress and the diabetic retinopathy. Hyperglycemia causes the oxidative stress, and it damages the retina through injuring the endothelial cells and mitochondria, generating abnormal metabolism pathway and promoting the inflammatory response, then the serious consequences have been caused such as retinal ischemia or even detachment. In clinic the antioxidant treatment has achieved some results. So this paper focuses on the relationship of the oxidative stress and the incidence of the diabetic retinopathy.

Objective To observe the changes in expressions of apoptosis-promoting gene Bax, apoptosis-inhibiting gene Bcl-2, and cytochrome C in the renal tissue of diabetic rats. Methods Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=12): normal control group and diabetic group. Diabetic models were induced by single intraperitoneal injection of 2% streptozotocin (dissolved in pH 4. 4,0. 1 mol/L citric acid sodium buffer, 65 mg/kg). Normal control group was only injected with same volume of folie buffer. Animals were sacrificed at the 4th and 12th week, and body mass, 24-hour urine protein, blood glucose, blood urine nitrogen and serum creatinine were determined. The changes of the renal morphology were observed by H-E staining. Immunohistochemical method was used to investigate the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2 and cytochrome C protein. The apoptosis of renal cortex cells was determined by TUNEL method. Results Compared with normal control group, the 24-hour urine protein, blood glucose, blood urine nitrogen and serum creatinine were significantly increased in the diabetic group (P<0. 05, P<0. 01). The size of glomerulus was increased in diabetic rats during the 4th week; hyperplasia of renal glomerulus mesangial matrix, glomerular sclerosis, and vacuolar degeneration in renal tubular epithelial cells were observed during the 12th week. With disease progression in the diabetic group, the expressions of Bax and cytochrome C were increased and the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased. Apoptosis tests showed increased apoptotic cells in the 4th week, mostly in both the distant tubular epithelial cells; in the 12th week, apoptotic cells were seen in both the distant tubular and proximal tubules. Conclusion Renal expression of Bax and cytochrome C gradually increases with the progression of diabetes, inducing apoptosis of more cells and leading to renal dysfunction, which may partly contribute to the diabetic nephropathy in diabetic rats.

Objective To investigate the neural proliferation , differentiation and apoptosis of the developing spinal cord of the mouse and to discuss the mechanism of spinal cord ’ s development .Methods 5-Bromodeoxyuridine ( BrdU) assay was used to mark the proliferative neural stem cells , and the immunofluorescent stainings ( DCX, NeuN and Caspase8) were carried out to visualize the newborn neurons , mature cells and apoptotic cells in the spinal cord with 173 mice arrange from E18 to P90.Results BrdU positive neural stem cells appeared evenly in the spinal cord at early days . With age increasing , the neural stem cells differentiated into neuroglial cells and neurons .The newborn neurons in the subventricular zone migrated toward the intermediate zone ( putative gray matter ) and differentiated into mature neurons gradually .With neurons ’ concentrating towards the center , the gray matter formed an “H” shape .In the meantime , with neural differentiation , some apoptotic neurons appeared among the newborn neurons and mature neurons . Double immunostaining showed that most apoptotic neurons were newborn neurons , suggesting the neuroapoptosis more likely occurred in newborn neurons .The statistical data showed that the number of DCX , NeuN and Caspase-8 positive cells reduced with age increasing , suggesting neural differentiation and neuroapoptosis decreased during spinal cord ’ s development .Conclusion Neural proliferation , neural differentiation and neuroapoptosis occur in developing spinal cord . They work together to regulate the formation and development of the spinal cord .

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) gene deficiency associated invasive candidiasis, and report a novel mutation in CARD9 gene.Methods:The clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, treatment and the outcome of follow-up in a boy with invasive candidiasis were described. The boy′s main clinical manifestations were central nervous system infection and retroperitoneal mass. Whole-exome sequencing was performed and Sanger sequencing was verified to identify the CARD9 gene mutations in the patient and his parents. A literature search for “CARD9”and “invasive candidiasis”was conducted in PubMed, Wanfang and CNKI databases from their establishment to May 2020.Results:A 10-year-old boy suffered onset symptom of chronic diarrhea, which lasted for two months. The symptom was followed by progressive neurological symptoms such as headache, vomiting, seizures and disorder of consciousness. His unusual medical history was absent. Candida albicans were cultured several times in cerebrospinal fluid and blood, and yeast-like fungi were found in the stool high power field of vision. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging indicated obstructive hydrocephalus and abdominal CT scan showed retroperitoneal mass and thickening of the intestinal wall. The whole-exome sequencing analyses of blood samples from the boy and his parents were performed. The results showed that there was a homozygous mutation of c.952-12_956delinsAG in the CARD9 gene, which was an unreported pathogenic mutation. This was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. There was no significant relief from intravenous combined antifungal medications. After lateral ventricular drainage surgery and injection of amphotericin B into the lateral ventricle, improvement of clinical symptoms and cerebral spinal fluid abnormalities was observed after nine weeks, and the retroperitoneal mass shrank. At follow-up after four-month oral combined antifungal medications, the child had no complaint except fatigue. However, cerebral spinal fluid analysis showed increased protein level and decreased glucose. Persistent hydrocephalus and periventricular white matter abnormal signals were revealed on the brain magnetic resonance imaging and the smaller retroperitoneal mass than before on the abdominal CT scan. In addition to this case, totally 21 cases with CARD9 gene deficiency associated invasive candidiasis have been reported worldwide, most of which featured central nervous system infections.Conclusions:CARD9 gene deficiency is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency that confers human susceptibility to fungal disease. The associated invasive candidiasis often affects the central nervous system and makes the patient severely ill. Adequate systemic antifungal therapies should be given, and patients with hydrocephalus need surgical treatment. A novel mutation is reported that expands the variant diversity of CARD9 gene. For patients with unexplained invasive candidiasis, including those without a history of previous recurrent infection, genetic testing is recommended for primary immunodeficiency including CARD9 gene deficiency.

OBJECTIVETo study the natural progress of different degree chronic periodontitis and its association with IL-1B-511 genetic polymorphisms. METHODS; 100 subjects with chronic periodontitis were selected and examined at baselined and in the 6 month and in 1 year on attatchment loss at 6 sites of each tooth. DNA samples were obtained with buccal swabbing technique and were further analyzed for IL-1B-511 genotype polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP-based method in all subjects.

RESULTSThe mean AL increases were 1.43 mm within 1 year. Among 100 subjects, 16 patients with moderate progression (0 mm < AL increase/a year < or = 1.0 mm), 84 patients with rapid progression of periodontal disease (AL increase/ a year > 1.0 mm). There was no significant difference for the distribution and frequency of IL-1B-511 genotype and alleles between the AL increase/ a year > 1.0 mm group and AL increase/a year < or = 1.0 mm group. The progression of periodontal disease (AL increase/a year > 1.0 mm group) was significantly higher in the non-severe chronic periodontitis group than in the severe group (P < 0.05). The percentage of molar was higher as far as the rapid-progress sites (AL increase > 2.0 mm both in the 6th and the 12th months examination) were concerned than that of premolar and anterior (P < 0.05). The number of progressed sites in the severe group was higher than the non-severe chronic periodontitis group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe progress of chronic periodontits varies individually. No specific relationship was found between the progression of chronic periodontitis and IL-1 gene polymorphisms.

Adult ; Alleles ; Chronic Periodontitis ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Interleukin-1 ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Periodontitis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

Objective To explore human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)colonization in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)rats brain.Methods Models of 7-day-old newborn rats with HIE brain injury were established.Meanwhile,on the same day,MSCs were transplanted with Hoechst 33258 for 24 hours into rats models marked by flurescent nucleotide dye injected through caudal vein or with stereotactic instrument.After 15-30 days,then MSCs were detected with fluorescene microscope.Results With the improved rice methods,HIE animal model was successfully attained.Majority of MSCs were distributed in the cortex,hippocampus of the lesioned hemisphere,especially in the forehead.And abtained a good fusion with HIE rats brain tissue.Conclusion Human umbilical cord blood MSCs can be cultured,when transplanted into the HIE rats model,they can move into intracranial,and integer with rats brain tissue.

Objective Our purpose is to investigate the expression of natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A) in the retina and to understand the NPR-A’ s functions during the mouse development .Methods Mice eyes were harvested from E16 ( embryonic day 16 ) to P90 ( postnatal day 90 ) . Total of 127 eyes were used in the study . Immunohistochemistries of NPR-A were carried out .Results During development , NPR-A was widely expressed in the retinal neurons .In the outer nuclear layer , NPR-A began to appear in the inner and outer projections of cone and rod cells at P7, but decreased at P14.From P30 afterward, it continued to express weakly .In the inner nuclear layer , NPR-A expressed in the dendrites of bipolar cells weakly from P 7 to adulthood , whereas no expression in horizontal cells .In the ganglion cell layer, NPR-A started highly to express in the ganglion cell bodies at E 16, and in the meantime, in the nerve fiber layer , ganglion cell axons , NPR-A was expressed highly from embryonic to adult .In the inner and outer plexiform layers, NPR-A was highly expressed at P14, but decreased gradually after P30.In addition, NPR-A also widely expressed in the inner protrusions of Müller cells.Conclusion NPR-A participates in the development of the retina , and may be the key molecule in the developing retinal neurons .Moreover, it plays an important regulatory role in the functional activity of Müller cells .

Objective:To explore the effects of Bailing capsules combined with salvianolate on inflammatory cytokines, renal vas-cular endothelia and renal function in diabetic nephropathy inⅣphase. Methods:Totally 60 patients with diabetic nephropathy in IV phase were randomly divided into the control group (30 cases) and the treatment group (30 cases). The control group was given the conventional and salvianolate therapy, and the treatment group was treated with Bailing capsules additionally. The treatment course was 3 months. The changes of serum creatine(SCr), urean itrogen (BUN), creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), ethelin (ET-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected before and after the treatment. Results:After the 3-month treatment, SCr, BUN, IL-6, TNF-a, CRP and ET-1 were significantly decreased in the two groups with statistical signifi-cance, and Ccr was significantly increased in the treatment group (P<0. 05), and the changes in the treatment group were significant-ly better than those in the control group (P<0. 05). After the treatment, the blood glucose, blood lipids, glycosylated hemoglobin and the other indicators had no significant changes in the two groups (P>0. 05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions between the two groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion:The combination of Bailing capsules and salvianolate can re-duce the inflammatory reaction and improve renal vascular endothelial function and renal function in the patients with diabetic nephrop-athy in Ⅳ phase with promising safety and few adverse reactions.

Objective To compare the imaging quality of articular cartilage of the knee with 3D-sampling perfection with applica-tion optimized contrast using different flip angle evolutions (3D-SPACE),3D-true fast imaging with steady-state precession (3D-True FISP)and 2D-fast-spin-echo-proto-density(2D-FSE-PD)sequences.Methods 40 healthy volunteers and 20 patients of knee joints were examined with 3D-SPACE,3D-True FISP and 2D-FSE-PD sequences at 1.5T MRI.Signal-noise ratio (SNR),contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR)and lesion visualization of articular cartilage were compared.Results 3D-SPACE showed the highest SNR of cartilage and CNR of fluid/cartilage among the three sequences (P <0.05).3D-SPACE had the better capability for showing the lev-el I 、level Ⅱcartilage injury comparing with 3D-True FISP,but no significant difference between the cartilage injury at level Ⅲ and level Ⅳ.For all levels of cartilage injury,3D sequence was better than the 2D sequence.Conclusion Compared with the 3D-True FISP sequence and 2D-FSE-PD sequence,3D-SPACE sequence can show the structure of knee and knee cartilage injury better.

Objective To explore the value of 64-slice spiral CT angiography in diagnosis of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas(PAVF).Methods 12 patients with suspect PAVF were performed by enhanced scan with 64-SliceCT.Two-dimensional and three-dimensional reformation were performed in all cases including coronal multiplanar reconstruction(MPR),maximum intensity projection(MIP),volume rendering(VR).Resnlts 12 cases were diagnosed as PAVF by 64-SliceCT angiography.Single PAVF in 7 cases,Multi-PAVF in 5cases.We found 20 lesions in 12 patients,Except direct multi-pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in the area of near the heart in one case.Conclusion 64-slice spiral CT angiography is a useful and noninvasive means to identify PAVF and is also useful for therapeutic planning and postoperative follow-up.