This critical review was summarized more systematically about the JAK2V617F mutation of related research progress in myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) research fields and the identification of JAK2V617F mutation represents an important advance in our understanding of MPD was agreed. The authors focused on several sensitive problems of post the JAK2 mutation era, and expressed their opinions. The Guideline of the MPD diagnostic criteria recommended by WHO in 2008 was accepted. The authors recommend the MPD, rather than myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). The treatment for the MPD (not including the CML) is recommended. Before the effective targeting of JAK2V617F specific inhibitors for the treatment of the MPD, short-term of use hydroxyurea (HU) was suggested to suppress excessive proliferation of bone marrow of MPD and a long course of treatment application of inteferon-α(IFN-α), and low-dose of aspirin in a timely manner were recommended to prevent thrombosis and other complications.

OBJECTIVE:To provide the basis for the revision of appendices of volume Ⅰ and Ⅱ of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2005 edition).METHODS:The general standards of preparations and the examinational methods in the appendices of volume Ⅰ and Ⅱ of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2005 edition) were compared and analyzed in order to find out the problems.RESULTS:Volume Ⅰ was different from volume Ⅱ in the respect of numbers,ordering,subtypes,examinational items of preparations and the kinds,contents of examinational methods.In addition,the specification,the consistency of standard and the advancement of technological level were not in line with the standards.CONCLUSION:The appendices of volume Ⅰ and Ⅱ of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2005 edition) should be revised.

Objective To develop an efficient method for the determination of activity of human lymphocyte kynureninase by high performance liquid chromatography. Methods Protein containing kynureninase was extracted from lymphocytes.The reaction was made with 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid as substrate and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate as coenzyme.The product was determined by high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection.(Results)Standard curve of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid was highly linear over the range from 2 to 400 nmol/L.The intra-day coefficient of variation(CV) was less than 3.0% and the inter-day CV was less than 3.2%. Conclusion(The developed) assay is efficient and can be used to determine the activity of kynureninase from kinds of tissues.

Objective To explore the correlation of the distance between anastomosis and dentate line in patients with severe circumferential prolapsed haemorrhoids treated by stapled haemorrhoidectomy with the patients' postoperative clinical manufestival score, and assess its value in the choice of anastomosis site in stapled haemorrhoidectomy. Methods One hundred and six patients with severe circumferential prolapsed haemorrhoids was treated by stapled haemorrhoidectomy. The distance between anastomosis and dentate line was documented during the operation, effect of the treatment and complications were also documented postoperatively. All above-mentioned data were analysed statisticaly by one-way ANOVA and ridit test.Results Four groups were established in 106 patients according to the distance between anastomosis and dentate line. Patients with distance less than 1.0cm were defined as group A, between 1.0 cm and 1.5 cm as group B, between 1.5 cm and 2.0 cm as group C, more than 2.0 cm as group D. Concerning the postoperative incontinence score, satisfaction index and complications such as haemorrhage,ederma of anal everage,residal skin-tags, there was no significant difference between all groups. But there was significant difference between four groups in score of pain. Conclusions Patients with severe circumferential prolapsed haemorrhoids treated by Stapled haemorrhoidectomy tend to have good clinical outcome. The appropriate distance between anastomosis and dentate line should be chosed by the status of prolapsed haemorrhoids.

A label-free method for sensitive and selective detection of thrombin ( Tb) was constructed based on rare earth ion mediated fluorescence switch of graphene quantum dots ( GQDs) . Rare earth ion ( Er3+) can assemble onto the surface of GQDs through the coordination interaction between Er3+ ions and the carboxylate groups located on the surface or edge of the GQDs, resulting in the aggregation of the GQDs and thereby decrease of the fluorescence of the GQDs. In the presence of Tb, the oxygen and nitrogen-donor atoms in Tb can coordinate with Er3+ ions and compete with the carboxylate groups on GQDs to coordinate Er3+ ions, thus the interaction between GQDs and Er3+ ions is reduced, which lead to the restoration of the GQDs fluorescence. In this study, the sensing mechanism was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The limit of detection for Tb assay was as low as 0. 049 nmol/L. Moreover, this assay was successfully applied to the selective determination of Tb in real samples.

AIMTo study the cutaneous permeation kinetics and pharmacodynamics of lidocaine gel.

METHODSThe concentration of lidocaine in dermis following topical application in rats was determined by the cutaneous microdialysis technique and related parameters were calculated; the pharmacodynamics of the gel was evaluated by electric stimulation method with EMLA (eutectic mixture of local anesthetics) cream as a control.

RESULTSThe peak of percutaneous absorption kinetic profile of lidocaine gel across rat skin occurred at 1.25 h; the onset time of local anesthetic action of lidociane gel was similar to that of EMLA, but both the duration and depth of anesthetic effect were superior to EMLA cream.

CONCLUSIONLidocaine gel showed good anesthetic effect. The minimum effective concentration of lidocaine in dermis is 12 mg.L-1.

Anesthesia, Local ; Anesthetics, Local ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Gels ; Lidocaine ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Male ; Pain Threshold ; drug effects ; Prilocaine ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Skin Absorption

Microdialysis ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; metabolism ; Pharmacokinetics

Polymeric micelles which are self-assembled from amphiphilic copolymers are thermodynamically stable, and they can solubilize hydrophobic drugs by the hydrophilic core. Many excellent active compounds are confined because of general low oral bioavailability due to poor solubility. Take into account from the two points above, polymeric micelles may be used as proper oral carrier to improve the dissolubility of hydrophobic drugs, and enhance the permeation though gastrointestinal tract, therefore, the pharmacodynamics is elevated. Meanwhile, the segments in copolymers are multivariate, so many kinds of micelles can be obtained, such as, pH- or thermo- sensitive as well as mucoadhesive ones. The modified micelles can alter drug release profiles while solubilizing them, that is why the oral bioavailability increase further. In this review, recent progress of polymeric micelles used in oral administration is summarized, and the prospect of polymeric micelles' application in this field is also evaluated.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Biological Availability ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Micelles ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; administration & dosage ; Poloxamer ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Risperidone ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Silymarin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Solubility

Microdialysis coupled with RP-HPLC was used to study the blood pharmacokinetics of pingyangmycin hydrochloride in rabbits. Supelco RP-amide C16 column was adopted for the analysis of pingyangmycin hydrochloride. The data was analyzed with 3P87 program. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range from 1.04 to 66.56 microg x mL(-1) (r2 = 0.999 4). The in vivo recovery of microdialysis probe was (42.8 +/- 3.4)% (n = 4). The concentration-time curve of pingyangmycin hydrochloride was fitted to two-compartment model. T1/2 alpha and T1/2 beta were 14.9 and 60.3 min, respectively. The method is proved to be accurate, simple and suitable for the pharmacokinetics study of pingyangmycin hydrochloride in rabbits.
Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Area Under Curve ; Bleomycin ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Female ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Microdialysis ; methods ; Molecular Structure ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo study immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratin19 (CK19), galectin-3 (Gal-3) and HBME-1 in thyroid lesions and to assess their usefulness as markers in the differential diagnoses of thyroid nodular lesions.

METHODSImmunohistochemical staining was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of 21 cases of nodular goiters, 14 cases of toxic goiters, 15 cases of follicular adenomas (FA), 13 cases of follicular carcinomas (FC), 13 cases of follicular variant papillary carcinomas (FVPC) and 48 cases of classic papillary carcinomas (CPC).

RESULTSAll three markers were expressed in the cytoplasm with no or weak expression in benign lesions and diffuse and strong in malignant cases. Positive expressions of CK19, Gal-3 and HBME-1 were present in 11of 21, two of 21, four of 21 in nodular goiters, seven of 14, one of 14, one of 14 in toxic goiters, nine of 15, two of 15, two of 15 in FA, 10 of 13, eight of 13, seven of 13 in FC, 13 of 13, 11 of 13, 12 of 13 in FVPC, and 48 of 48, 45 of 48, 46 of 48 in CPC. The expression rates of the three markers between benign lesions (nodular goiters, toxic goiters and FA) and malignant lesions (FA, FVPC and CPC) were statistically significant. Among the three follicular lesions (FA, FC and FVPC), the differences were statistically significant as well. Nine, seven and six cases were negative for all three markers in nodular goiters, toxic goiters and FA, respectively. Only one case in FC was negative for all three markers, no case was all negative in FVPC and CPC; the rate of one case with two or more positive marker expression in nodular goiters, toxic goiters, FA, FC, FVPC and PC was 14.2% (3/21), 21.43% (3/14), 20.0% (3/15), 69.2% (9/13), 92.3% (12/13), 100.0% (48/48), the differences between benign lesions and malignant lesions and between FA, FC and FVPC were also statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONSImmunohistochemical stains of CK19, Gal-3 and HBME-1, especially when used in combination, can be an important adjunct to the histopathological diagnoses of thyroid lesions.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular ; chemistry ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Adenoma ; chemistry ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Galectin 3 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Goiter, Nodular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; chemistry ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Thyroid Nodule ; chemistry ; diagnosis ; pathology