AIM and METHODS: To study the protective effects of liposomes containing L-Arg,Se and taurine on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Wistar rats were divided randomly into sham operated group,ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) group,pretreatment with liposomes group and treatment with liposomes at reperfusion group. In the experiments, superior mesenteric artery was clipped for 60 min, and then unclipped. 2 hours of reperfusion later, MDA content, T-SOD and Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -ATPase activities in intestinal tissues were detected respectively, ultrastructure and bcl-2 expression in intestinal mucosa tissue were observed. RESULTS: MDA content in liposomes-treated group was less than I/R group ( P 0.05). CONCLUSION: Liposomes containing L-arginine, Se and taurine can protect intestine against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats,which may be related to inhibiting lipid peroxidation, stabilizing internal circumstances and inducing bcl-2 protein expression.

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of ischemic-preconditioning under the mild hypothermia against small intestine ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its mechanism. METHODS: Thirty-two rats were randomized into 4 groups (8 rats in each group): sham operated group (Sham), ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group, ischemic-preconditioning (IP) group, mild hypothermia ischemic-preconditioning (MHIP) group. The wet/dry ratio, Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -ATPase activity in intestine tissue, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxdase (TAX) in blood were determined. Ultrastructure, Bcl-2 and Bax expression in intestinal mucosa tissue were also observed. RESULTS: After I/R, the intestinal tissue wet/dry ratio, the content of MDA, LDH activity, the optic density of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were significantly higher in I/R group than those in sham group (P

Objective To explore the blood drug concentration monitoring of sustained-release valproate(DK)in children with epilepsy,focusing on the selection of sampling time and evaluation of the results.Methods Two hundred and seventy-one children taking DK and 155 children taking sodium valproate syrup(VPA Syr)were involved and their serum were taken when achieved steady state to determine the valproic acid level using fluorescence polarization immunoassay.They were divided into 4 groups,which were DK taken once daily group(DK qd group,126 children),DK taken once daily at night and sampled on morning group(DK qn group,26 children),DK taken every 12 h group(DK q12 h group,119 children),VPA Syr q12 h group(155 children).Determine the proportion of the blood drug concentration of each group below,ithin and above the therapeutic range for valproate(50-100 mg/L)were determined.The data were analyzed by t test.Results The Cmin of DK qd group were(73.09?19.91)mg/L,significantly lower from the serum concentration of DK qn and sampled on morning group [(94.94?25.44)mg/L](P0.05).Conclusions DK qn should sampled at night before the night dose.The Cmin of DK q12 h was higher according to the therapeutic range,it's favorable range still needs clinical practice.

Objective_To guide students to better adapt to the life of medical learning phase, and to plan a good profession design, while eliminate candidates do not meet the characteristics of medical school.Methods_Develop and Implement of seven stations of multiple mini-interview in 3-grave medical students.Results_The score of each station shows a normal distribute, and reliability Cronbach’sαcoefficient is 0.629.Conclusions_The design and implementation of multiple mini-interview f to link with the pre-med phase and Basic medical learning phase for 8-year program of clinical medicine is successful, and meet the purpose of ‘ examination promotes learning’ .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between Angle's class III patients' occlusion plane and anterior overbite by controlling the changes in occlusion plane during orthodontic treatment.

METHODSIn total, 90 Angle's class III adult orthodontic patients were selected as the experimental group, and 30 normal adults were selected as the control group. According to the overbite, the class III patients were divided into three groups, and 14 indicators were measured. ANOVA and multiple comparison analysis were used to analyze the difference between class III patients, and linear analysis was used to analyze the correlation between anterior overbite and anterior-posterior occlusion plane.

RESULTSIn class Ill patients, posterior occlusion plane and anterior overbite size were negatively correlated (r = -0.24, P < 0.05), whereas anterior occlusal plane and anterior overbite size were positive correlated (r = 0.23, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe shape of the occlusion plane varies in different anterior overbite patients. During orthodontic treatment in different overbite class III patients, the vertical height of the posterior teeth and the rotation of the occlusion plane should be controlled.

Objective　To investigate the expression and role of inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1β(IL-1β)、interleukin-6(IL-6)、interleukin-8(IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)in epiretinal membranes(ERM)of eyes with proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR).Methods　Nineteen epiretinal membranes were obtained from eyes undergoing vitrectomy for retinal detachment complicated with PVR and observed by immunohistochemical methods.Results　Expression of IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8 and TNF-α were observed in 9、12、11and 15 membranes respectively, with positive staining mostly in the extracellular matrix of epiretinal membranes. Only one membrane showed positive to IL-6 intracellularly, expression for all the cytokines simultaneously in 4 membranes.Conclusion　The findings indicate that cytokine-mediated pathways of inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of PVR.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; drug effects ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; methods ; Drug Utilization ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Pediatrics ; Retrospective Studies

This study is to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) on pig serum-induced liver fibrosis of rats. The liver fibrotic model of rats was induced by pig serum. After models were successfully established, rats in the treatment groups were administered with I3C through intraperitoneal injection or curcumin by intragastric administration, daily for 17 days. Hepatic hydroxyproline (Hyp) content was measured. The liver histology and immunohistochemistry with a-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were assayed. Hepatic stellate cells line, HSC-T6 was incubated with different concentrations of I3C (25, 50, and 100 micromol x L(-1)) for 24 h. The effect of I3C on cell apoptosis was identified by FITC-Annexin V/PI double labeled assay. And the mRNA expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 were measured by real time RT-PCR. The results showed that hepatic content of Hyp decreased by I3C treatment, as compared with the fibrotic model control. Histopathological changes, such as steatosis, necrosis, deposition of collagenous fiber reduced remarkably and the expression of alpha-SMA was significantly down-regulated in the I3C-treated groups (P < 0.01). Apoptosis analysis showed that I3C significantly increased HSC-T6 apoptosis rate and the expressional ratio of Bax to Bcl-2. The results indicated that I3C could effectively cure pig serum-induced liver fibrosis in vivo by inducing HSC apoptosis and promoting ECM degradation.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is among eight strain of broad resistance to antibacterial. It has been pay attention to global students, and is very difficulty in clinic treatment. Infection of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is more familiar in ICU. Its test rate is 13.45%(62/461) in the study .The resistance character: IPM﹑CZO﹑CRO﹑AMP and MNO is highest(resistive rate 100%). ATM、GEN 、 KAN 、MEM 、CTX and PIP is much high(≧86.5%), LVX﹑GAT and FEP is high (=50%).Conclusion: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia should be monitored in the hospital. Used of antibacterial must be rational. Severe disinfection and isolation should been put in practice to the infected patients. CSL is very active antibacterial (active rate 90.6%) against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in the study, and ought be selected headmost in treated its infection.

As a depot drug delivery system, injectable polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) sustained-release microspheres have been successfully used to treat many diseases since the first microsphere product Lupron depot was approved for marketing in the United States in 1989. It has the ability of long-term release in the body for several days to several months, which can not only reduce the times of administration, but also reduce the drug blood concentration fluctuations, significantly improve the safety and patient compliance. In vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) makes the development of microspheres more possible. It can describe the dynamic information of drug release in vivo through the in vitro release behavior of microspheres, and can reduce the workload of each stage and shorten the time span while characterizing the performance of microspheres. IVIVC can provide guidance or support for drug development, production changes, supervision and management. This article summarizes the release mechanism of injectable PLGA sustained-release microspheres, common measurement methods and theories of in vitro and in vivo release. And we also focus on the establishment and application of IVIVC, especially A level IVIVC in the field of microsphere preparations, to provide a reference for further study on in vitro-in vivo correlation of microspheres.