BACKGROUND: Miniscrews have been widely used as "absolute anchorage" in orthodontic treatment, but high shedding rate has been a major flaw. Factors associated with the miniscrew stability mainly include its own factors, surrounding inflammation, implant method, angle, position and loading time of miniscrews. OBJECTIVE: To review the factors affecting the stability of miniscrews reported at home and abroad in recent years.METHODS: The first author searched CNKI and PubMed using computer for relevant articles published in recent 4 years, and the keywords were "miniscrews, stability, orthodontic anchorage" in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 52 articles were included. The surface modification of miniscrews effectively enhances bone binding capacity, and promotes bone regeneration, thereby improving the stability of miniscrews. The morphology, implanted angle and mode, bone density and load timing of miniscrews are closely related to the stability of miniscrews. Meanwhile, we should avoid damage to the root, nerves, blood vessels and maxillary sinus, and focus on the maintenance of postoperative healing.

Objective To assess the treatment effects of As_2O_3-PLGA microspheres on VX2 rabbits liver tumor models.Methods Thirty-two New Zealand white rabbits were involved with formation of VX2 rabbits liver tumor models,and randomly divided into 4 groups of 8 each.(a)As_2O_3 plus 0.9% NaCl solution group:3 F co-catheter was plugged into hepatic artery,and then As_2O_3(3 mg/kg)plus 10 ml 0.9%NaCl solution was injected into the tumor through the feeding artery;(b)As_2O_3-PLGA microspheres group :As_2O_3- PLGA microspheres(3 mg/kg)was injected into the tumor through the feeding artery;(c)PLGA mierospheres group:Injection of PLGA microspheres(3 mg/kg)injected into the tumor through the feeding artery;(d) control group:0.9% NaCl solution(10 ml)was injected into the feeding artery.Dual phase helical CT scans were performed the day before treatment,20 days after treatment and finally the rabbits were sacrificed.The sizes of the tumor were measured and followed by histopathological analysis and HE staining.Results The volumes of tumors post operatively of group a,b,c and d were(31.08?11.15)cm~3,(3.82?2.537)cm~3, (13.22?4.665)cm~3 and(115.8?62.01)cm~3 respectively.The most significant treatment effect was available in group b,with more coagulation necrosis and fibrotic tissue formation.Statistical analysis indicated that the treatment effects of group a,b,c were better than that of group d with significant difference which can be also seen between group a and b,group b and c.Conclusion As_2O_3-PLGA microspheres shows rather excellent chemoembolization effects on VX2 rabbit liver tumor model with safely.

OBJECTIVEDocument the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in Zhejiang Province, by neonatal screening of TSH.

METHODSDELFIA neonatal TSH kit was applied for the quantitative determination of thyrotropin in blood specimens dried on filter paper.

RESULTAmong the 42 979 newborns, 112 had elevated hTSH concentration in blood. All had T3, T4 and TSH concentrations measured in serum and 29 were diagnosed as congenital hypothyroidism. The diagnosis time was 13 to 59 days and mean time was (27.9+/-9.2) days.

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in Zhejiang Province is not low. The TSH screening in newborns is significant in eugenics and the improvement of population quality.

Congenital Hypothyroidism ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; epidemiology ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neonatal Screening ; Sex Factors ; Thyrotropin ; blood

BACKGROUND: Surgical guides designed based on a three-dimensional cone-beam CT (CBCT) model have been reported. However, CBCT cannot remodel fine soft tissue such as gums, and it can only be used to design a simple dental retainer with relatively poor stability. OBJECTIVE: To establish a high-precision three-dimensional (3D) integrated maxillodental model by matching CBCT model with 3D digital maxillodental model using 3D automatic registration method, based on which, we designed and manufactured individualized miniscrew surgical guides. METHODS: CBCT maxillodental models and laser-scanned dentition models obtained from six malocclusion cases were matched and overlapped using the 3D automatic registration method to fabricate the 3D integrated maxillodental model. Then, we accurately positioned and virtually implanted a micro-implant into the 3D integrated maxillodental model. Subsequently we prepared a high-precision individualized resin surgical guide by rapid prototyping technology. The inner diameter of the guide track was detected by a vernier caliper. Patients tried on the resin surgical guide, and then occlusion condition, guide seating and retention were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Due to the high-precision registration of the model, all the resin surgical guide plates were suitable. The plate retention was enhanced after tooth clinching, and all the patients felt comfort when wearing the surgical guide plate, with no compression or other discomforts. The inner diameter of the guide track was (1.79±0.23) mm, and the measurement error was not statistically significant (P >0.05). These findings demonstrate that the high-precision surgical guide plate based on the high-precision 3D integrated model can provide the foundation for further investigations on the clinical application of surgical guides.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)adriamycin magnetic nanoparticles(ADM-PNIPAM-Fe_3O_4)on liver VX2 tumor in rabbits via transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.Methods VX2 tumor pieces were successfully implanted into liver lobes of rabbits with liver tumors formation.All the animals were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8 each.Group A(control group)injected with 10 ml physiologic saline,Group B(ADM group)treated with free adriamycin (1 mg/kg)via arterial infusion,Group C(ADM-PNIPAM group)ADM-PNIPAM(1.5 mg/kg)was infused through arterial route,Group D(ADM-PNIPAM-Fe_3O_4+M group)ADM-PNIPAM-Fe_3O_4(2 mg/kg)was infused through arterial route;all were in individual doses,respectively;meanwhile an persistant magnet with intensity of 0.4 T was stabilized at the tumor region.Spiral CT scans were performed to measure size of liver tumors and evaluate lung metastasis at 1 day before operation and 14 days after operation.All experimental animals were sacrficed on the 15th days after operation and followed by pathologic and histologic examination of the tumor and lung specimens including changes befor and after the operation with correlative comparisons.Results There were no significant difference in volumes of tumors among 4 groups at 1 day before operation.The average tumor volume in the group A was(23.87?7.02)cm~3 at 14 days after operation;(7.70?1.53)cm3 in group B;(4.29?0.25)cm~3 in group C;(2.05?0.18)cm~3 in group D. The average tumor volumes in the group B,group C and group D were significantly smaller than that in the control group A at same time after operation and there was significant difference among the three experimental groups.According to the order of tumor sizes from small to large was as follows:group D＜group C＜group B＜group A.It showed that the average size of group D(ADM-PNIPAM-Fe_3O_4+M group) was the smallest among the 4 groups.Lung metastatic rates were 100%,66.7%,37.5% and 12.5% in group A,group B,group C and group D at 14 days after operation,respectively.Lung metastatic rates of group D was lower than that of group A,but there were no significant differences among group A,B and C.But pathological examination showed that there were lesser number of lung metastatic tumors in group B and C than that of group A .The intratumoral necrotic degrees showed as group D＞group C＞group B＞group A. Conclusions ADM-PNIPAM-Fe_3O_4 treatment for liver tumor via vascular interventional method combined with magnetic field localized in the lesion possesses significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth of liver VX2 tumor in rabbits.ADM-PNIPAM-Fe_3O_4 is thus initially confirmed as a kind of effective praeputium in interventional chemoembolization.

To explore a simple and effective method to determinate the volume of CD34(+) cells in the peripheral blood of donors received drug mobilization for stem cell transplantation by using flow cytometry, the mobilized peripheral blood from donors and 100 micro l fresh whole blood were labeled with monoclonal antibodies Anti-CD34-PE and Anti-CD45-FITC, after lying the red blood cells, and assessed with flow cytometer FL2 (log) vs SSC (log) and FL1 (log) vs SSC (log) were mainly used for analysis windows. The results showed that a level of CD34(+) cells in whole nucleated cells as low as 0.05% - 0.1% can be detected effectively using this method when 10(5) nucleated cells were counted. At day 5 or day 6, the level of CD34(+) cells in most samples of patients reached a peak volume, some of samples and the levels were more than one percent in. It was concluded that CD34(+) cells can be effectively determined by using this method. According to the relative rate of CD34(+) cells, the time to harvest the stem cells in blood can be determined.
Antigens, CD34 ; blood ; Blood Donors ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo investigate the activity and expression of Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase in irradiated rat masseter muscle.

METHODSThe rats were irradiated locally with a single dose of 20 Gy X-ray. The activities of Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase were measured with colorimetric method. The protein expression of Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase was determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe activities of Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase in masseter muscle decreased by approximately 20% and 40% in irradiated rats on days 3 and 30 postirradiation. There was significant difference in the expression of Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase protein between irradiated and nonirradiated rats on day 30 postirradiation. Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase protein was found in the cytoplasm of masseter muscle.

CONCLUSIONSThe decrease of ATPase activity played an important role in the cause of radiation-induced skeletal muscle injury, while there was no significant reduction in the expression of Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase protein in irradiated rat masseter muscle.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase ; metabolism ; Cytoplasm ; enzymology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Masseter Muscle ; enzymology ; radiation effects ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; enzymology ; Rats

Metabonomics, a new and rapid-developing technology, will be powerful means to the research of complexed theory system and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Discovery of biomarkers and analysis of common properties from the metabolome of a specific TCM syndrome will facilitate the modernized study of TCM system, promote the quantitative and scientific elucidation of TCM syndrome differentiation, provide an in-depth understanding of the TCM theory of Zang-xiang, help predict the disease on-set, and achieve a comprehensive evaluation of systemic clinical efficacy, safety and mechanism of action of the TCM combination formulas along with a better understanding of intestinal microflora ecology. The new approach with combined metabonomics and TCM methodologies will provide a new pathway and methodology for the study of complicated theory system of TCM and its modernization.
Biomarkers ; analysis ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Metabolism

Based on the characteristics of metabolism of photosynthetic bacteria and the major kinds of organic compounds produced in wastewater degradation, eleven kinds of organic compounds were chosen for hydrogen photoproduction using Rhodopseudomonas palustris Z strain. The maximal volumetric H2 productivity was obtained using acetate as the sole carbon source and electron donor. The kinetics of cell growth and H2 liberation, and the influences of several major limiting factors on photoevolution of H2 were examined using acetate as carbon source. It was shown that hydrogen production was partially correlated with cell growth. The medium composition of the preculture, the preculture time, and inoculation volume were confirmed to have big effects on hydrogen photoevolution. The time delay of H2 production was evidently shortened using the inoculum of late exponential growth phase or stationary phase using ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source or with the inoculum of middle exponential growth phase using glutamate as the nitrogen source. The identity of temperature and light intensity for H2 evolution and cell growth has significant potential application in the technology of splitting organic acid into H2 by photosynthetic bacteria. The concentrations of acetate and glutamate in the medium affected hydrogen photoevolution and cell growth significantly. The productivity of H2 increased with substrate concentrations when substrate concentrations of sodium acetate and sodium glutamate were lower than 70 mmol/L and 15 mmol/L, respectively. Hydrogen production was inhibited but the cell growth was faster when the concentration of sodium glutamate over 15 mmol/L due to forming free NH4+. The highest rate of hydrogen production was 19.4 mL.L-1.h-1 using 30 mmol/L of sodium acetate as hydrogen donor under the standard conditions, respectively. The optimal conditions for hydrogen production were 35-37 degrees C, 6000-8000 lx and pH 7.3-8.3. The effects of oxygen and inoculation volume on photoproduction of hydrogen were also discussed.
Acetates ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Glutamic Acid ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Hydrogen ; metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Light ; Oxygen ; pharmacology ; Rhodopseudomonas ; drug effects ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Temperature ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of early sufficient resuscitation on important organs function and their therapeutic response in sepsis with hypoperfusion.

METHODSFrom January 2004 to December 2005, 34 sepsis patients with hypoperfusion in surgical and respiratory intensive care units were resuscitated sufficiently for the management of severe sepsis and septic shock. According to the time of resuscitation end points, these patients were divided to early resuscitation group (E group, 15 patients) and later group (L group, 19 patients). The important organs function and their therapeutic response followed resuscitation were investigated and compared in the tow groups.

RESULTSAfter earlier sufficient resuscitation, the incidence of repeated resuscitation was 73.7% in L group and 20.0% in E group (P < 0.01); the incidence of steroids replacement, coagulation dysfunction and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) were 63.2%, 73.7% and 68.4% respectively in L group and significantly higher than those in E group (P < 0.05). Seven days after resuscitation, the level of serum creatinine in E group was lower than that in L group (P < 0.05). In the day 1 and 7 after resuscitation, heart rate in E group was lower than that in L group (P < 0.05). Seven days post resuscitation, PaO(2) and PaO(2)/FiO(2) were higher in E group than in L group (P < 0.05). The mortality was 42.1% in L group and 13.3% in E group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSEarly sufficient resuscitation in sepsis patients with hypoperfusion could significantly enhance the effects of following treatment, relieve inflammation and coagulation reaction and thereby reduce the mortality.

Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Resuscitation ; methods ; Sepsis ; complications ; therapy ; Shock, Septic ; etiology ; therapy ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome