Objective:To study the in vitro and in vivo transdermal enhancement of one kind of arginine oligomer-chitosan ( CS-R9). Methods: In vitro mouse skin as the barrier, Franz diffusion cells were used to study the transdermal property of tinidazole ( TNZ) solution in vitro enhanced by CS-R9 using TNZ solution as the negative control and TNZ solution with Azone as the positive control. The rats were randomly divided into three groups, TNZ solution group ( the negative group) , TNZ solution with Azone group (the positive group) and TNZ solution with CS-R9 group. At the predetermined time intervals, 0. 5 ml blood was withdrawn from the rats and TNZ concentration was detected by HPLC to evaluate the enhancement of CS-R9 on TNZ in vivo. Results:Compared with the negative group, CS-R9 had significant enhancement on TNZ trandermal penetration in vitro(P <0.05), and showed no significant difference with Azone (P>0. 05). The in vivo results showed CS-R9 exhibited similar transdermal enhancement on TNZ as Azone at the same concentration (P>0. 05), and CS-R9 had sustalned-release property. Conclusion: CS-R9 has promising transdermal en-hancement on TNZ, which is valuable to be studied further.

BACKGROUND:Acute poisoning is frequently encountered at emergency department. This study was to investigate the epidemiology and characteristics of patients with acute poisoning who were treated at the Emergency Center, Fujian Provincial Hospital, China. METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed the gender, age, causes of poisoning, types of poisons, poisoning route, emergency diagnoses, outcomes, and prognoses of these patients. RESULTS:Altogether 2867 patients with acute poisoning were treated from January 2004 to December 2009. The ratio of male to female was 1:1.04, and their average age was 33.8 years. Of the 2867 patients, 76.39％ were between 18 and 40 years old. The incidence of acute poisoning was as high as 11.33％ in January each year. The incidence of poisoning was in a descending order:alcohol poisoning (54.55％), medication poisoning (25.95％), pesticide poisoning (5.65％), and drug poisoning (4.88％). Most (56.44％) of the patients with drug poisoning were under 25 years and their mean age was significantly lower than that of patients with medication poisoning or alcohol poisoning (P < 0.01). Approximately 69.54％ of the patients were followed up after emergency treatment, 30.39％ were hospitalized, and four patients died. CONCLUSIONS:Acute poisoning is largely alcohol poisoning and medication poisoning in a city. The emergency green channel "pre-hospital emergency care-emergency department-hospital treatment"can significantly improve the survival rate of patients with acute poisoning.

AIM:To discuss Daidzein intravitreal injection whether has protective and recovery effects on acute nerve damages.
METHODS:After the crush models of acute optic nerve were set up, 72 males SD rats were divided into 4 groups randomly as common group without surgery, FBS negative control group, Daidzein treatment group ( 10μmol/L, 100μmol/L, 1000μmol/L ) and positive control group using rats nerve growth factor ( mNGF, 100ng/mL ). Three days after interference, all experimental animals were executed. HE staining was used to evaluate morphologic change of the retina, immunohisochemical staining and western-blot tests for identifying and quantifying the distinct expression of Caspase-3 and GAP-43 among the groups.
RESULTS: Compared with the normal group and negative control group, retinal morphology of different concentrations of each Daidzein treatment group and positive control group was more complete, the expression of Caspase-3 protein was relatively lower, the expression of GAP-43 protein was relatively higher, the differences have statistically significance (P<0. 05).CONCLUSION: Daizein injection in the vitreous cavity has the capacity of protection and restoration in rat's acute nerve damages.

Type 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic disease, accompanied by insulin resistance and elevated blood glucose. As the disease progresses, hyperglucagonemia will occur. Glucagon has a significant effect on glucose increase and energy expenditure. In recent years, several glucagon receptor (GCGR) antagonists were developed. They lowered blood glucose in clinical studies, along with side effects, such as increased blood lipids and elevated liver transaminase. In order to solve these problems, glucagon like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R)/GCGR co-agonists were developed, which not only lower blood glucose, but also reduce weight and promote lipolysis. In this review, we will focus on the biological effects of glucagon, the treatments of GCGR antagonists, and GLP-1R/GCGR co-agonists on type 2 diabetes.

The pharmacological mechaisms of Panax notoginseng saponins on nervous system diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ischermic cerebral apoplexy and depressive disorder) , including panax notoginseng saponins, protoparaxotriol saponins, panasadiol saponins, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Re and notoginsenoside R1 were summarized to analyze the study hotspots and potential advantages (such as estrogen-like effect) of notoginsenoside's pharmacological actions, provide reference for further pharmacological studies and new ideas for clinical treatment of nervous system diseases and drug studies and development.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Saponins ; administration & dosage

The spores suspension of Streptomyces roseosporus D-38 irritated with 20mW He-Ne laser for 20 min were incubated on G1 medium plates containing 1. 9?g/mL of streptomycin. Ten percent of mutants increased the potency of daptomycin by streptomycin-resistance method, including the mutant LC-54, which could produce daptomycin 81. 2 mg/L, which was 39% higher than that of the beginning strain by flask fermentation.

Humans ; Infant ; Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Male

Objective To assess the effectiveness of the combined treatment model for Wilms'tumor and to improve treatment results.Methods Fifty-five patients diagnosed with Wilms' tumor between July 1981 to June 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.Eighteen patients were diagnosed by preoperative ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy,and 53 patients were confirmed by postoperative pathology results.Seven cases were in clinical stage Ⅰ,19 cases in clinical stage Ⅱ,21 cases in stage Ⅲ,six cases in stage Ⅳ and two cases in stage Ⅴ.Thirty-five cases had histopathological subtype,30 cases had the favorable type,and five cases had the unfavorable type.Among the 55 patients,kidney tumor resection was performed on 48 cases,wide edge partial nephrectomy was performed on two cases,tumor enucleation was performed on one bilateral renal tumor case,kidney tumor resection with pulmonary metastasectomy was performed on two cases,and two cases had no surgical procedures.Eighteen cases received preoperative chemotherapy,40 cases received postoperative chemotherapy,and 12 cases received postoperative radiotherapy.Patients were grouped according to age,stage,histological type,treatment model,treatment course and whether or not they had radiotherapy.The Kaplan-Meier method was used in the evaluation and comparison of over survival (OS),disease free survival (DFS) and relapse free survival (RFS) of the different groups to reveal the relationship between different grouping factors with the prognosis of Wilms' tumor. ResultsThe median of follow-up was 34 mon ( ranging from 3 to 355 mon).The 3-year OS,5-year OS and 2-year DFS were 77.6％,69.0％ and 52.4％,respectively.The differences of OS in different stages ( P =0.006 ),DFS between pure operation group and combined therapy group ( P =0.004 ) and RFS between radiotherapy group and no radiotherapy group ( P =0.03 ) were significant,P ＜ 0.05.ConclusionsThe normative multi-disciplinary treatment model for patients with Wilms' tumor can achieve good results and is well tolerated.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of caspase recruitment domain‐containing protein 9 (CARD9) in the early stage of acute pancreatitis(AP) .Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC ) of 49 AP patients (33 mild acute pancreatitis (MAP ) patients and 16 severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients) were collected on the Day 1st ,3rd and 5th of hospitalization .Twenty healthy volunteers were enrolled in control group .The expression level of CARD9 ,B‐cell lymphoma(Bcl)‐10 ,p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK ) and p65 nuclear factor Kappa B (NF‐κB ) in PBMC of AP patients were detected by Western blotting .The co‐localization ,expression and binding between CARD9 and Bcl‐10 in PBMC of control group ,SAP group and MAP group on the Day 1st hospitalization were determined by cell immune‐fluorescence staining and co‐immuno precipitation method .Single factor analysis of variance and Mann‐Whitney test were performed for data comparison between groups .Pearson method was used for correlation analysis .Results The results of Western blotting indicated that the expression of CARD9 and Bcl‐10 in PBMC of SAP group on the Day 1st ,3rd and 5th of hospitalization (1 .12 ± 0 .05 ,1 .03 ± 0 .03 and 1 .01 ± 0 .01 ;1 .74 ± 0 .08 ,1 .72 ± 0 .10 and 1 .69 ± 0 .11) were all significantly higher than those of control group (0 .33 ± 0 .10 and 1 .02 ± 0 .11) and MAP group (0 .71 ± 0 .02 ,0 .55 ± 0 .06 and 0 .25 ± 0 .07 ;1 .15 ± 0 .03 ,1 .09 ± 0 .07 and 1 .01 ± 0 .04) ,and the differences were statistically significant (F= 35 .76 and 18 .20 ,all P< 0 .05) .The expression of p38 MAPK in PBMC of SAP group on the Day lst ,3rd of hospitalization (1 .88 ± 0 .08 、1 .68 ± 0 .11) were significantly higher than those of MAP group on the Day 1st ,3rd ,5th (0 .86 ± 0 .08 ,0 .77 ± 0 .10 ,0 .73 ± 0 .20) and healthy control group (0 .58 ± 0 .24 , F= 7 .24 ,all P < 0 .01) .The expression of p65 NF‐κB in PBMC of SAP group on the Day 1st ,3rd of hospitalization (1 .64 ± 0 .02 ,1 .55 ± 0 .03) were significantly higher than those of MAP group on the Day 3rd ,5th (1 .06 ± 0 .14 ,0 .87 ± 0 .20) and healthy control group (1 .17 ± 0 .13 ,F= 4 .51 ,all P< 0 .05) .The results of immune‐fluorescence staining indicated that CARD9 and Bcl‐10 co‐localized in nucleus .The results of co‐immuno precipitation showed that the binding degree between CARD9 and Bcl‐10 of SAP group was significantly higher than that of control group and MAP group . Pearson correlative analysis suggested that the level of p65 NF‐κB and p38 MAPK in PBMC of AP patients were positive correlated with the expression of CARD9 (r= 0 .692 and 0 .834 ,both P< 0 .01) .Conclusion CARD9 is positive correlated with NF‐κB and MAPK , which indicates CARD9 induced inflammatory cytokines by activating NF‐κB and MAPK signaling pathways in AP .

Objective To compare the efficacy of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and hemodialysis (HD) on polycystic kidney disease (PKD) patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods Retrospective analysis was made on 29 patients with PKD who carded out dialysis therapy for over 3 months in our department from January 2001 to December 2007. They were divided into the CAPD group (10 cases, 34.5%) and HD group (19 cases, 65.5%). Ten cases of non-PKD CAPD patients were randomly selected as the control, who matched the CAPD group in terms of age and gender. The patient information was recorded, such as general data, initial dialysis data, comphcations, survival time, quit of dialysis or death, etc. Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were adopted to analyze the survival rate. Results The survival rates of 1-, 3- and 5-year for the CAPD group were 90%, 75% and 25% respectively, while for the HD group were 94.4%, 67.6%, and 48.3%, and for the control were 83.3%, 44.4% and 22.2% respectively, with no significant differences among 3 groups (P>0.05). group and the control were quite similar. The incidence of peritonitis for the CAPD group (0.62 times/patient year) was similar to that for the control (0.30 times/patient year)(P>0.05). The duration of the lust peritonitis[(23.5±4.0) months vs (20.0±15.8) months] and the catheter exit-site infection (0 time vs 1 time) for two groups were similar as well (P>0.05). One patient had hernia in CAPD group and no patient in control group had hernia. The incidence of peritoneal dialysate leakage was similar between these two groups. In the HD group, two patients (10.5%) had cerebral hemorrhage resulting in death, and 10 patients (52.6%) had cystic hemorrhage, 5 out of whom underwent operation due to repeated cystic hemorrhage and 2 cases received unilateral nephrectomy because of severe hemorrhage. No patient in CAPD group had cerebral hemorrhage but 1 patient (10%) had cystic hemorrhage and recovered after conservative treatment. The hemorrhage complication incidence of CAPD group was significantly lower than that of HD group (P<0.05). Conclusions The prognosis and complication incidence in PKD and non-PKD patients treated with CAPD are similar. The prognosis of PKD patients treated with CAPD or HD is also similar, and the risk of hemorrhage complications of PKD patients treated with CAPD may be decreased compared with those treated with HD. PKD patients can choose HD or PD as the initial therapy of ESRD unless existence of hernia or intolerance. PKD is not the contraindication of PD.