AIM: To study and analyze the clinical efficacy of diclofenac sodium eye drops combined with sodium hyaluronate eye drops in treating dry eyes after ophthalmic surgery.METHODS: Totally 94 eyes from 94 patients with dry eyes were slected, and they were randomly divided into orbervation group and control group.Fouty-seven patients in the control group using conventional treatment combined with sodium hyaluronate eye drops.Other 47 patients in orbervation group were treated with diclofenac sodium eye drops on the basis of control group.We compared symptoms, fluorescein station, tear film break time, Schirmer Ⅰ test between the two groups.RESULTS: Compared with before treatment, patients of both groups with sympotom, fluorescein station score, BUT, and Schirmer Ⅰ test were significantly improved(P<0.05).At the same time, sympotom, fluorescein station score, BUT and Schirmer Ⅰ test of control group were better than observation group(P<0.05).The cure rates of the orbervation group (98%) were more significant than control group (74%)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Diclofenac sodium eye drops combined with sodium hyaluronate eye drops have significant efficacy in treatment of dry eyes after ophthalmic surgery, which can effectively relieve clinical symptoms, improve BUT and Schirmer Ⅰ test.

BACKGROUND: Massive pulmonary embolism (MPE) and acute myocardial infarction are the two most common causes of cardiac arrest (CA). At present, lethal hemorrhage makes thrombolytic therapy underused during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, despite the potential benefits for these underlying conditions. Hypercoagulability of the blood in autoimmune disorders (such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia) carries a risk of MPE. It is critical to find out the etiology of CA for timely thrombolytic intervention. METHODS: A 23-year-old woman with a 10-year medical history of autoimmune hemolytic anemia suffered from CA in our emergency intensive care unit. ECG and echocardiogram indicated the possibility of MPE, so fibrinolytic therapy (alteplase) was successful during prolonged resuscitation. RESULTS: Neurological recovery of the patient was generally good, and no fatal bleeding developed. MPE was documented by CT pulmonary angiography. CONCLUSIONS: A medical history of autoimmune disease poses a risk of PE, and the causes of CA (such as this) should be investigated etiologically. A therapy with alteplase may be used early during cardiopulmonary resuscitation once there is presumptive evidence of PE. Clinical trials are needed in this setting to study patients with hypercoagulable states.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficiency of Spanishneedles Herb eye drops in treating perimenopausal xerophthalmia in rabbits.

METHODTotally 36 rabbits (36 right eyes) were ovariectomized, and 2 months later divided into three groups: the experimental group (group A, n = 12) given Spanishneedles Herb eye drops, the control group (group B, n = 12) given PBS and the model group (group C, n = 12) given no drug. The Schirmer I test (SIT), fluorescent (FL), total tear protein, diastase activity, lactoferrin and lysozyme contents and confocal scanning microscopy were performed at before the treatment and at 1 w, 2 w, 1 mo, 2 mo after the treatment.

RESULTBefore the treatment, There was no significant difference in SIT, FL, total tear protein, lysozyme, lactoferrin and amylase activity between two groups. Two months later after the treatment, both the group B and the group A showed differences degrees of changes in SIT, FL, total tear protein, lysozyme, lactoferrin and amylase activity compared with that before the treatment, with statistical differences (P < 0.05); At each time point, both groups revealed statistical differences in SIT, FL, total tear protein, lysozyme, lactoferrin and amylase activity (1 < 0.05). Two months later alter the treatment, densities of basal epithelial cells and inflammatory cells in the group A were (4 122 ±416) cells/mm2 and (339 ± 131) cells/mm2, while that in the group B were (3 343 ± 424) cells/mm2 and (49 ± 17) cells/mm2, with statistical differences between them (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSpanishneedles Herb eye drops could effectively treat perimenopausal xerophthalmia in rabbit caused by sex hormones decline.

Animals ; Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; administration & dosage ; Perimenopause ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Tears ; secretion ; Xerophthalmia ; drug therapy ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effects of different depth of anesthesia on ScvO2 and ABL in elderly patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Methods Totally 55 elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal sur-gery were randomly divided into deep anesthesia group(BIS40-49)(group D,n=27)and light anesthesia group (BIS50-59)(group S,n = 28). While SVV value was fixed,fluid management was conducted while monitoring CVP. HR,MAP,the change of central venous oxygen saturation and lactic acid index were recorded in different time points. Results Propofol dosage in group D and group S indicated statistical significance(P<0.05). ScvO2 in group S in T3~T5 was higher than that in T0 and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). Com-pared with ScvO2 in T3 in group D,that in group S was significantly higher and the difference was statistically sig-nificant(P<0.01),but no significant difference was found in other time point in 2 groups(P>0.05). There was no significant difference between and within ABL groups in each time period(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in terms of other indicators between 2 groups. Conclusions For elderly patients with gastrointestinal surgery,shallow anesthesia can improve tissue oxygenation and reduce the amount of anesthetics.

As a depot drug delivery system, injectable polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) sustained-release microspheres have been successfully used to treat many diseases since the first microsphere product Lupron depot was approved for marketing in the United States in 1989. It has the ability of long-term release in the body for several days to several months, which can not only reduce the times of administration, but also reduce the drug blood concentration fluctuations, significantly improve the safety and patient compliance. In vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) makes the development of microspheres more possible. It can describe the dynamic information of drug release in vivo through the in vitro release behavior of microspheres, and can reduce the workload of each stage and shorten the time span while characterizing the performance of microspheres. IVIVC can provide guidance or support for drug development, production changes, supervision and management. This article summarizes the release mechanism of injectable PLGA sustained-release microspheres, common measurement methods and theories of in vitro and in vivo release. And we also focus on the establishment and application of IVIVC, especially A level IVIVC in the field of microsphere preparations, to provide a reference for further study on in vitro-in vivo correlation of microspheres.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect and action mechanism of petroleum ether extracts from Saussurea involucrate on brain tissues of hypoxia rats under constant pressure and closed conditions.

METHODThe PESI dosage-dependent experiment for hypoxia rats was conducted under constant pressure and closed conditions by intraperitoneally injecting 125, 250, 500 mg x kg(-1) to finalize that the optimum dosage is the high dose of PESI. Afterwards, 90 Wistar rats were randomly divided into the hypoxic model group, the acetazolamide 250 mg x kg(-1) group and the PESI high dose group. Each group was further divided into three subgroups according to different hypoxia times, with 10 rats in each subgroup. Under the same hypoxia and administration conditions, the rats were sacrificed after 0, 3, 6 h respectively. Their brain samples were collected for common pathological observation and immunohistochemical staining of HIF-1alpha. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect HIF-1alpha, EPO, HO-1 and Caspase-3 gene expressions. And the Western blot assay was adopted to detect HIF-1alpha protein expression.

RESULTThe brain tissues of the hypoxia model group were severely damaged with the increase in the hypoxia time. The acetazolamide group and the PESI high does group were damaged in a much lower degree. According to the gene expression and the Western blot assay, high dose of PESI could inhibit HIF-1alpha expression. According to the pure gene expression test, high dose of PESI could increase EPO and HO-1 mRNA expressions, but inhibit Caspase-3 mRNA expression.

CONCLUSIONPESI's protective mechanism for brain tissues of hypoxia rats under constant pressure and closed conditions may be related to its effects in inhibiting HIF-1alpha expression, increasing EPO expression and resisting cell apoptosis.

Alkanes ; chemistry ; Animals ; Brain ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Caspase 3 ; genetics ; Cell Hypoxia ; drug effects ; Cytoprotection ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Erythropoietin ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; drug effects ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; genetics ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Saussurea ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of coal-burning-fluorosis,and to explore key areas for implementing prevention and control measures in Guizhou Province.Methods Survey data of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-10,anti-fluoride knowledge and health-related behaviors of target students and their families before implementing the comprehensive disease control measures in 2010,were analyzed and evaluated using the method of factor analysis in 23 diseased districts.Results ①The three main factors (F) related to the endemic of coal-burning-fluorosis were economic factor (F 1),knowledge factor (F2) and behavior factor (F3):F1 included the detection rate of 8 to 12 years old children's dental fluorosis,iron stove ownership,corn correct drying rate and chili correct drying rate; F2 included stove correct utilization rate,students awareness and head of the household awareness; F3 included corn food washing rate before cooking and chili food washing rate.②In the economic factor score arrangement,the first three were Zunyi,Xiuwen and Qingzhen.In the F2 score arrangement,the first three were Zunyi,Xishui and Xixiu.In the F3 score arrangement,the first three was Liuzhi,Bijie and Xixiu.③After comprehensive score,Zunyi,Qingzhen,Xishui,Xixiu,Puding and Liuzhi Counties were found to be relatively stronger in control of the epidemic of coal-burning-fluorosis; Xiuwen,Renhuai,Guanling and so on 13 counties were found to be relatively moderate,and Tongzi,Hezhang,Shuicheng and Nayong Counties were found to be relatively weak.Conclusions ①The endemic of coal-burning-fluorosis is related with many factors,and the indexes we selected in this study have a strong correlation and sensitivity,which may be used in evaluating the prevention effect of control measures to coal-buming-fluorosis.②The endemic of coal-burning-fluorosis in Guizhou Province is quite different,and key prevention and control measures can be applied according to a comprehensive factor analysis.

Objective To assess the effectiveness of the combined treatment model for Wilms'tumor and to improve treatment results.Methods Fifty-five patients diagnosed with Wilms' tumor between July 1981 to June 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.Eighteen patients were diagnosed by preoperative ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy,and 53 patients were confirmed by postoperative pathology results.Seven cases were in clinical stage Ⅰ,19 cases in clinical stage Ⅱ,21 cases in stage Ⅲ,six cases in stage Ⅳ and two cases in stage Ⅴ.Thirty-five cases had histopathological subtype,30 cases had the favorable type,and five cases had the unfavorable type.Among the 55 patients,kidney tumor resection was performed on 48 cases,wide edge partial nephrectomy was performed on two cases,tumor enucleation was performed on one bilateral renal tumor case,kidney tumor resection with pulmonary metastasectomy was performed on two cases,and two cases had no surgical procedures.Eighteen cases received preoperative chemotherapy,40 cases received postoperative chemotherapy,and 12 cases received postoperative radiotherapy.Patients were grouped according to age,stage,histological type,treatment model,treatment course and whether or not they had radiotherapy.The Kaplan-Meier method was used in the evaluation and comparison of over survival (OS),disease free survival (DFS) and relapse free survival (RFS) of the different groups to reveal the relationship between different grouping factors with the prognosis of Wilms' tumor. ResultsThe median of follow-up was 34 mon ( ranging from 3 to 355 mon).The 3-year OS,5-year OS and 2-year DFS were 77.6％,69.0％ and 52.4％,respectively.The differences of OS in different stages ( P =0.006 ),DFS between pure operation group and combined therapy group ( P =0.004 ) and RFS between radiotherapy group and no radiotherapy group ( P =0.03 ) were significant,P ＜ 0.05.ConclusionsThe normative multi-disciplinary treatment model for patients with Wilms' tumor can achieve good results and is well tolerated.

The aim of the paper is to observe the distribution of the endophytic fungi in leaves of Aquilaria sinensis by using permanent paraffin-cut section, optical microscope photography and histochemistry. Total DNA was extracted with modified CTAB method and rDNA ITS regions of plant and endophytic fungi were amplified with eukaryotic universal primers. The rDNA ITS amplicon was characterized by RFLP analysis, sequencing of rDNA ITS library and phylogenetic analyses using PAUP by maximum parsimony. Fusarium sp. A2 was used to induce the formation of resinous in A. sinensis trees. As a result, endophytic fungi mainly distributed in spongy and phloem in leaf. Endophytic fungi distributed in the phloem in agarwood-producing tree and had a relatively high abundance. Phoma sp. and Collectrotrichum sp. were the absolute advantage species in the leaf tissues of non-resinous and agarwood-producing tree, respectively. Collectrotrichum sp. was the only fungal species detected both in the two types of A. sinensis with different levels of abundance. The culture-independent molecular method can be used to identify fungal species directly and rapidly from the plant tissues. Endophytic fungal communities in non-resinous and agarwood-producing A. sinensis leaf tissues were quite different.
Cluster Analysis ; DNA, Fungal ; genetics ; Endophytes ; classification ; genetics ; physiology ; Fusarium ; classification ; genetics ; physiology ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves ; metabolism ; Thymelaeaceae ; microbiology ; Wood ; metabolism ; microbiology

This research was aimed to find the skin irritation and burns treatment effect of wound dressing with mi- crospheres containing levofloxacin. We used reference GB/T16886. 10-2005 to evaluate the dressing skin irritation. We prepared rabbit models divided into three groups. The control group was rapped with Vaseline gauze bandage, while the positive control group was rapped with the wounds of nano-silver paste bandage. The experimental sample group was rapped with wound dressing with microspheres containing levofloxacin. We measured the wound without healing area and the hydroxyproline content at the ends of 3 d, 6 d, 9 d, 14 d, 21 d, 28 d. and meanwhile performed histopathological examination. The experimental results showed that the dressing primary irritation index was 0. The nonhealing wound area of theexperimental sample group and positive control group at the ends of 6 d, 9 d, 14 d, 21 d were less than that of the control group (P<0. 05). The nonhealing wound area of the experimental sample group at the ends of 9 d and 14 d was significantly lower than that of the positive control group (P < 0.05). The hydroxyproline content of the experimental sample group at the ends of 6 d, 9 d and 14 d was significantly higher than that of the positive control group and blank control group (P<0. 05). The pathology observed of the experimental sample group at 21 d were the earliest appendages. The wound dressing with microspheres containing levofloxacin has minimal skin irritation, effectively promote wound healing of burn.
Animals ; Bandages ; Burns ; therapy ; Hydroxyproline ; chemistry ; Levofloxacin ; therapeutic use ; Microspheres ; Rabbits ; Silver ; Wound Healing