Adolescent ; Biopsy ; Female ; Hepatocytes ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Humans ; Jaundice, Chronic Idiopathic ; pathology ; Sibling Relations ; Ultrasonography

This study is to investigate the influence and mechanism of action of asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) and the induced oxidative stress level on Alzheimer's disease (AD) incidence. ADMA concentration, nitric oxide, Abeta(40)/Abeta(42) ratio, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity and the concentrations of the induced free radicals including malondialdehyde (MDA), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 34 neurologically normal controls and 37 AD patients were quantitatively determined and statistically compared. The results showed that the ADMA concentration significantly decreased in AD patients, and it showed negative correlation with the NO, iNOS activity, and showed positive correlation with MMSE score. ADMA concentration was negatively correlated with Abeta(40)/Abeta(42) ratio (P<0.01) with the observation that Abeta(40)/Abeta(42) ratio increased while ADMA level decreased in CSF in AD patients. The concentration levels of MDA, 3-NT and ROS significantly increased compared with the control with all the P values less than 0.05. These findings suggested that the ADMA disorder and the oxidative damage effect of the induced free radicals in CSF of AD patients are an important mechanism of AD incidence, and their joint regulation may provide new idea for the prevention and clinical treatment of AD.

Objective To separate the side population cells(SP) from breast cancer MCF-7 cell line,and observe its biological characteristics.Methods Flow cytometry and Hcechst 33342 dye efflux assay were used to isolate SP cells and non-SP cells from the MCF-7 cell line of human breast cancer.Tumorigenicity of the two subpopulations was observed by a soft agar cloning method.Results The results of FACS analysis indicated that (6.5 ± 0.4 ) ％of the MCF-7 cells were SP cells;The vitro colony formation rate of SP cells was(38.5 ±9.4)％,and higher than that of non-SP cells ( 8.4 ± 2.6 ) ％ ( t =5.34,P ＜ 0,05 ).Concluslon The SP cells sorted from MCF-7 cell line enriched tunor stem cells,which exhibited high tumorigenicity.It indicated that SP cells should play a principal role in breast cancer.

The secondary metabolites of plants are important sources of natural drugs. Betula plants have abundant pharmacological value, complex mechanism and wide applications, which are closely related to the triterpenoids of theirs. Triterpenoids in Betula species are mainly divided into dammarane-type, ocotillol-type, oleanane-type, lupane-type and cycloaltunane-type. The extracts of Betula species have varieties of activities such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, etc. And the biosynthetic pathways of triterpenoids after 2,3-oxidosqualene are split into four branches of dammarenediol-II, lupeol, cycloartenol and amyrin according to the different oxidosqualene cyclases. This review summarizes the chemical constituents, pharmacological activities and biosynthetic pathways of triterpenoids in Betula plants. It provides a reference for the research and development of new drugs and the production of these triterpenoids in microbial cell factories by synthetic biology methods.

Objective To discuss the combined value of gray-scale ultrasound ( GSUS) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid lesions and to explore the optimal diagnostic point of scoring method .Methods Ultrasound images of 178 thyroid lesions confirmed by pathology were synthetically reviewed by scoring 5 GSUS indicators including shape , orientation, interior echogenicity, halo sign, microcalcification and 6 CEUS indicators including relative arrival time of microbubbles in the periphery and interior, peak periphery and interior echogenicity, peripheral ring-enhancement, and homogeneity of enhancement .One positive indicator scored one point .The optimal diagnostic points and their clinical value were explored according to ROC curves .Results Scores of GSUS, CEUS and the combination of GSUS and CEUS were significantly different (Z =10.188,9.843,10.705,all P <0.001). Areas under ROC curves of GSUS, CEUS and the combination of GSUS and CEUS were 0.936, 0.919 and 0.964, respectively.Three or more positive GSUS indicators of five in a thyroid lesion predicted that the thyroid lesion was malignant , with the sensitivity of 79.6% and the specificity of 91.2%.Two or more positive CEUS indicators of six in a thyroid lesion predicted that the thyroid lesion was malignant , with the sensitivity of 91.8% and the specificity of 81.2%.Five or more positive GSUS and CEUS indicators of eleven in a thyroid lesion predicted that the thyroid lesion was malignant , with the sensitivity of 93.6%and the specificity of 92.3%.The areas under the ROC curve of GSUS and CEUS were 0.936 and 0.919.The area under the ROC curve of the combination of GSUS and CEUS was 0.964, larger than the areas under the GSUS ROC curve and the CEUS ROC curve.Conclusion Ultrasound is valuable in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid lesions , and the combination of GSUS and CEUS is the most valuable with 5 points as the optimal diagnostic scoring method .

Fiber-optic biosensor is now becoming a new research direction in biosensors. In recent 10 years it has got a compelling development and has been applied to medical pathogens, food toxicity, water pollution, biochemical weapons, fast detection for environmental samples, etc. In this paper its development is given out in detail.
Biosensing Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Equipment Design ; Fiber Optic Technology ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; instrumentation ; methods ; Optical Fibers

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressed in the periodontal tissue of chronic periodontitis and the correlativity of PD-L1 and different degrees of chronic periodontitis, provide experience for immunoregulation mechanism, clinical treatment and prognosis of chronic periodontitis.

METHODSGingiva and periodontal tissue of healthy people and chronic periodontitis patients were collected. Based on clinical probing, periodontal tissue were classified into three groups: periodontal tissues of healthy people, periodontal tissue of mild chronic periodontitis, periodontal tissue of severe chronic periodontitis. Fluorescent quantitation polymerase chain reaction was applied to explore the expression of PD-L1 mRNA in the periodontal tissue of the different groups. Western blot and immunohistochemistry method were utilized to test the expression of PD-L1 protein in the periodontal tissue of the different groups. Combining with clinical image data, the relationship between differentially expressions of PD-L1 and different degrees of chronic periodontitis was analyzed.

RESULTSThe relative expression quantity of PD-L1 in the periodontal tissue of the mild chronic periodontitis was significantly higher that of the severe chronic periodontitis (P<0.01). The relative expression quantity of PD-L1 in the periodontal tissue of healthy subjects and severe chronic periodontitis had no statistical significance (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe expression of PD-L1 in the periodontal tissue negativelv regulates inflammatory periodontal tissue damage.

B7-H1 Antigen ; Chronic Periodontitis ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to evaluate the bond strength of a self-adhesive resin cement to dentin by ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and NaClO.

METHODSTwenty-seven freshly extracted non-carious human premolars were prepared to expose the buccal dentin and randomly divided into three groups: control group (A group), EDTA group (B group) and NaClO group (C group). All teeth were bonded to dentin using a self-adhesive resin cement after the teeth in the A group were processed with distilled water. The B and C group were processed with 3%EDTA and 1%NaClO, respectively. After 24 hours at 37 °C water, the shear bond strengths of the twenty-four specimens were measured. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 software package. Each fractured specimen was examined under dental microscope. Three new specimens were cut, and the morphologies of the cement-dentin interface were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM).

RESULTSThe shear bond strength in the A group, B group and C group was (8.55±0.63), (8.47±0.56) and (12.97± 0.59) MPa, respectively. The difference between A group and B group was no statistically significant (P>0.05), whereas the difference between C group and B group (or A group) was statistically significant (P<0.05). SEM observation of the cement-dentin interface in the C group showed good adaptation, but resin tags were not observed. The other two groups showed poor bonding interface. Most of the fractured adhesive dentin surfaces exhibited cohesive failure in the A group and B group. All the fractured adhesive dentin surfaces exhibited cohesive failure in the C group.

CONCLUSION1% NaClO can increase the bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to dentin, but 3%EDTA has no effect.

Adhesives ; Dental Bonding ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Dentin ; chemistry ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Detergents ; chemistry ; Humans ; Resin Cements

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of vascular endothelium secreted factors after oral fatty meal test and the correlation of the factors with blood lipid in elderly diabetic patients. Methods Thirty-six elderly diabetic patients (diabetic group) and twenty heahhy elderly subjects(control group) were selected into the study and received oral fatty meal test for 6 hours. Diabetic group was divided into three subgroups, including fasting hypertriglyceridemia subgroup, postprandial hypertriglyceridemia subgroup and postprandial normotriglyceridemia subgroup. Serum nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAl-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) were measured before and after oral fatty meal test. Results (1) The level of serum NO was significantly increased and ET-1 was significantly reduced in control group 2 hours after oral fatty meal test and were returned to basal state 6 hours after the test. But in diabetic group, postprandial serum NO level were decreased and ET-1 were increased gradually and reached to the peak 6 hours after oral fatty meal test. The ratio of NO/ET-1 was lower in diabetic group than that in control group (P< 0.01). There were important differences among fasting hypertriglyceridemia subgroup, postprandial hypertriglyceridemia subgroup and postprandial normotriglyeeridemia subgroup(P<0.05 or<0.01). (2) The level of PAl-1 was increased and t-PA was decreased slightly 4 hours after oral fatty meal test in control and diabetic groups. Compared with control group, PAI-1/ t-PA obviously increased in diabetic group. Meanwhile, PAI-1/t-PA in fasting hypertriglyeeridemia and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia subgroups were significantly higher than that in postprandial normotriglyceridemia subgroup(P<0. 05 or<0.01). (3) In the diabetic group, TG was negatively correlated with NO and t-PA(r=-0.360 P<0.05; r=-0.649, P<0.01) and positively correlated with ET-1 and PAI-1(r=0.421,P<0.01;r=0.520,P<0.01). Conclusions The elderly diabetic patients suffer from the imbalance of vascular endothelium secreted factors. The postprandial abnormal TG metabolism may aggravate the change and further damage the vascular endothelial function.

Objective To compare the effect on intraoperative cerebral metabolism between the propofol combined with remifentanil infusion in total intravenous anesthesia and the desflurane combined with remifentanil intravenous inhalation anesthesia in patients in neurosurgery.Methods Thirty-four patients were randomly divided into the propofol combined with remifentanil group (group A,n=16) and the desflurane combined with remifentanil group (group B,n =18).The B-ultrasound under the guide of retrograde catheterization through right internal jugular vein and artery was prepared after the patients entered the operation room.Atropine,propofol,fentanyl,rocuronium were used in the induction of anesthesia.The mechanical ventilation was applied after conventional trachea cannula.Once patients were anesthetized steadily,jugular bulb venous oxygen saturation (SjvO2),jugular bulb venous oxygen partial pressure (PjvO2),Jugular Bulb venous hemoglogin (Hbv),jugular bulb venous lactate (Ljv),jugular bulb venous gluxose (Gv),arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2),arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2),arterin (Hba),arterial blood lactate (La),arterial blood gluxose (Ga),arterial blood oxygen content (CaO2),jugular bulb venous oxygen content (CjvO2),arteriovenous oxygen difference (AVDO2),cerebral extraction of oxygen (CEO2),cerebral lactate production rate (CLP) and cerebral glucose uptake rate (CGU) at different time [before anesthesia induction (T1),1 hours after the start of the operation (T2),2 hours after the start of the operation (T3),half an hour after the operation]were collected.Results (1) The value of SjvO2,PjvO2,CjvO2 and CaO2 in group B was significantly higher than that in group A (P＜0.001);The value of AVDO2 and CEO2 in group B was lower than that in group A (P＜0.05);(2) The value of Gv and Ga in group B was higher than that in group A (P＜0.05);There were no significant differences about CGU in two groups (P＞0.05);(3) The value of CLP in group B was lower than that in group A (P＜0.05);there were no significant differences about Ljv and La in two groups (P＞0.05);(4) Compared with the value at moment of T1 between group A and group B,the value ofPaO2,SaO2,PjvO2 and SjvO2 were increased with time (P＜0.05),the value of CaO2,CjvO2,AVDO2 and CEO2 showed a downward trend (P ＜0.05).Conclusion (1) Both total intravenous anesthesia and intravenous inhalation anesthesia can reduce the cerebral oxygen metabolism;(2) For the cerebral protection of neurosurgery operation,it seems that the effect of intravenous inhalation anesthesia is more stronger than total intravenous anesthesia.