Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed in the streptozotocin- and high fat-induced diabetic rats and normal rats.The results of RT-PCR and Western blot showed that the expression of 11?- hydroxysleroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11?-HSD1) was higher in the diabetic rats than that in control and was correlated with fasting plasma glucose,insulin and AUC-I/G with respective correlation coefficient (r) of 0.870, - 0.799,- 0.850,suggesting that increased expression of 11?-HSD1 appears to damage?-cell function through magnifying the local effect of glucocorticoids.

A novel drug delivery system combining oral fast dissolving film with sodium deoxycholate/phospholipid mixed micelles was prepared to increase the absorption of cucurbitacin B that is a poor aqueous solubility substance. Encapsulation efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity coefficient, investigated the morphology, disintegration time of oral fast dissolving film and the pharmacodynamic properties of cucurbitacin B sodium deoxycholate/phospholipid-mixed micelles before and after solidified in mice were evaluated and compared. The oral fast dissolving film prepared in this study showed a homogeneous pale yellow and could completely disintegrated in the 30 s. It could meet the requirements of rapidly disintegrating fully. The encapsulation efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity coefficient of cucurbitacin B sodium deoxycholate/phospholipid-mixed micelles loaded in oral fast dissolving film were (43.36 +/- 2.12)%, (108.82 +/- 5.2) nm, (-34.18 +/- 1.07) mV, 0.088 +/- 0.012, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity coefficient of cucurbitacin B sodium deoxycholate/phospholipid-mixed micelles in solution were (41.26 +/- 2.22)%, (181.82 +/- 4.48) nm, (-30.67 +/- 0.81) mV, 0.092 +/- 0.012, respectively. The difference of pharmacodynamics among film of cucurbitacin B-loaded micelles, cucurbitacin B-loaded micelles and free cucurbitacin B in vivo was compared. Solubility of cucurbitacin B loaded in sodium deoxycholate/phospholipid-mixed micelles has also been greatly improved. The tumor inhibition rate of cucurbitacin B loaded in sodium deoxycholate/phospholipid-mixed micelles was significantly improved and did not change significantly before and after solidified. These showed that the sodium deoxycholate/phospholipid-mixed micelles could enhance the antitumor activities of cucurbitacin B and the stability of cucurbitacin B sodium deoxycholate/phospholipid-mixed micelles was improved significantly after solidified by oral fast dissolving film technology without pharmacodynamic properties changed significantly.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Deoxycholic Acid ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Phospholipids ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Triterpenes ; administration & dosage ; chemistry

A HPLC method was established to determine the contents of the five anthraquinones and rhaponticin in the different varieties of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. The difference existed in different varieties. The results showed that rhein and rhaponticin were marker substances which could be used to distinguish palm leaf groups rhubarb and wave leaf groups rhubarb. Authentic rhubarb didn't contain rhaponticin. Falsify rhubarb contains trace amounts of rhein. Rheum tanguticum contains abundant rhein. The ratio value of the content of rhein to chrysophanol could be used to distinguish R. tanguticum from the other two authentic varieties (R. palmatum and R. officinale). The content of rhaponticin varied largely in different varieties of wave leaf groups rhubarb.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Quality Control ; Rheum ; chemistry ; classification ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; classification

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the advantages of combination therapy with interferon-alpha plus nucleoside analogue-lamivudine or HBV vaccine in children with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B.

METHODSA total of 120 patients with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B were divided into three groups, 40 patients per group. Each group was treated with one of the following therapies respectively: Group A IFN-alpha 1b 10 MU/m2 three times per week (Tiw); Group B IFN-alpha 1b 10MU/m2 three times per week (Tiw) plus lamivudine 3 mg/kg for 6 months. Group C IFN-alpha 1b 10 MU/m2 three times per week (Tiw) plus HBV vaccine 30 microg one a month.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in normalizing rate of ALT among the three groups at end of treatment. There was more significant difference in negative rate (seroconversion) of serum HBV DNA and HBeAg in group B than group A and group C (P less than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe combination therapy of IFN-alpha 1b plus lamivudine seemed to be more effective than the therapy with IFN-alpha alone and the combination of IFN-alpha and HBV vaccine.

Anti-HIV Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; genetics ; immunology ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; genetics ; immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

Background Retinitis pigmentosa (RP)is a common hereditary blinding eye disease in ophthalmology.Current researches documented that RP may have the common pathophysiologic basis to Alzheimer disease and chronic neurodegenerative disease.Understanding this mechanism will offer a new therapeutic target for RP.Objective The purpose of the present study was to investigate the roles of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)/P25 activation in the apoptosis of retinal neural cells of RCS rats.Methods Eighteen SPF RCS rats and 18 RCS-rdy+ rats were randomized into 17-,25-and 35-day groups respectively and 6 rats for each.The rats were sacrificed at corresponding time points and retinal hemogenete was prepared.Expressions of CdkS,P35,P25 and tau phosphorylation in the retinas were detected by Western blot,and the kinase activity of Cdk5/P25 was analyzed by quantitative colorimetric assay.Results The expressing level of P35 protein(A340) in the retinas of 17-day-old RCS rats was near that of 17-day-old RCS-rdy+ rats(t =0.52,P＞0.05).In 25-and 35-day-old RCS rats,the expressing levels of P35 protein were 2.20±0.48 and 1.23±0.14,which were higher than those of RCS-rdy+ rats(1.43±0.13 and 0.93±0.10),showing significant differences between them(t =3.78,4.28,P＜0.05).The expression of P25 was undetectable at postnatal 17 days in RCS rats and RCS-rdy+ rats,but it showed significantly higher in RCS rats(0.300±0.003 and 0.230±0.004) than that in RCS-rdy+ rats(0.040±0.004 and 0.070±0.004) at postnatal 25 days and 35 days(t=121.81,77.51,P＜0.01).No significant difference was found in the expression of Cdk5 in RCS rats and RCS-rdy+ rats at different ages (t =-0.60,0.19,1.62,P＞ 0.05).The kinase activity of Cdk5/P25 did not show significantly different between RCS and RCS-rdy+ rats at postnatal 17 days(t =0.19,P＞0.05),but significantly higher kinase activity of Cdk5/P25 was seen in RCS rats (0.0058 ±0.0005 and 0.0056±0.0004) than that in RCS-rdy+ rats(0.0038±0.0003 and 0.0032 ±0.0007) at postnatal 25 days and 35 days (t =8.07,5.97,P＜ 0.01).No expression of tau phosphorylation was detected in RCS rats at postnatal 17 days,but significantly higher tau phosphorylation level was seen in RCS rats at postnatal 25 days and 35 days(1.80±0.22 and 1.23±0.17),which were significant different in comparison with RCS-rdy+ rats at postnatal 25 days and 35 days(1.60 ±0.20 and 1.04 ±0.12)(t=4.71,3.17,P＜0.05).Conclusions The Cdk5/P25 kinase activity shows a consistent trend with theexpressions of P25 and tau phosphorylation in the RCS rats,indicating that the upregulation of P25 induces the enhance of enzyme activity of Cdk5,which phosphorylate its substrates to result in more apoptosis of retinal neural cells.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestation and the characteristics of laboratory examinations of invasive Scedocporium infection.Methods The clinical data of 8 patients infected with Scedosporium from January 2011 to April 2017 were collected and retrospective analysis combined with related literatures was performed.Results Among the 8 patients,6 strains of S.apiospermum,1 strains of Peudallescheria boydii and 1 strains of S.prolificans were detectable.The predisposing factors of Scedosporium infection were trauma,environmental exposure and hypoimmunity.The septahypha in specimens could be direcdy observed under microscopic examination with positive rate 100％.The growth speed of cultured colony was relatively fast and the invasiveness was strong.The colony of Scedosporium displayed various forms from white cashmere to black yeast sample.The color was gradually become dark from the center of colony with lengthening time of cultivation.Scedosporium could be identified by microscopic morphology combining culture technique.Conclusion The course of invasive Scedosporium infection may progress rapidly with serious and dangerous illness state.The most common infection of Scedosporium should be induced by S.apiospernum.The knowledge and understanding for Scedosporium infection should be strengthened to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment.

To introduce a method of classification with high precision-the artificial neural network (ANN),and to compare the results using logistic method. Using data from 1070 landless peasants'mental health survey,the artificial neural network models and logistic regression model were built and compared on their advantages and disadvantages of the two models.The prediction accuracy for artificial neural network was 94.229% and for logistic regression it was 51.028%. ANN appeared to have had good ability on generalization. ANN displayed advantages when conditions of classical statistical techniques could not be met or the predictive effect appeared to be unsatisfactory. Hence, ANN would make a better facture of its application in medical researche.

Objective To assess the efficacy of two antibiotic prophylactic regimens in a prospective randomized trial in 1 year for patients undergoing insertion of catheters,and to provide the evidence for uniform consensus existing on the timing,route,and choice of antibiotic.Methods During a period of 12 months,78 patients,who consecutively entered the peritoneal dialysis programme,[45 women and 33 men,mean age (48.2?15.7)years] were included.The prophylactic regimens were a single dose of ceftriaxone (1.0 g) given intravenously 30 minutes before surgery (Group A) and given cefazolin (0.25 g/L) i.p.in the each dialysis bag for 3 days postoperatively (Group B).All operations were performed in one room.The wound was observed every day,and body temperature,Count of white blood corpuscle and type,dialysate were examined every day. Results In Group A and B,none of the patients showed peritonitis or wound infection during the post-operative period (within 10 days).One of 39 patients(2.5%) in the group A,and 2 of 39 patients (5.1%) in the group B had exit site infection (P＞0.05).Conclusions There is no significant difference in the incidence of peritonitis and wound infection between two groups. Prophylactic preoperative single-dose antibiotics intravenously do as well as antibiotics given intraperitoneally for peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion,but is much more convenient.

In response to the major national strategic needs of "Healthy China" and "Innovation-Driven Development", Sichuan University, as a pilot university of "Excellent Doctor Education and Training Plan-Top Innovative Medical Personnel Training", has been exploring the training strategies since 2012. On the basis of the international theory of "The Third Generation of Medical Education based on Health System", we have innovatively put forward the new era of "Med+" education theory based on research-oriented hospitals (with medical/research/translational facility) and the two-level training paradigm from "cultivating professionalism" to "notch up to top" by planting three cultures. We have also developed a competency training system of "Five Integrated Curricula and Five Teaching & Learning Strategies". We have shifted from "didactic teaching" to "formative learning", edifying excellent doctors with "professionalism culture". We have initiated two kinds of top-notch plans, constructed a "1+2+3" innovation and entrepreneurship education system, explored "transformative learning" to incubate compound top-notch personnel with "innovative culture", opened up a "school-hospital unified" administrative system, built a PDCA closed-loop of quality control supported by mobile technology, and recast the "quality culture" to ensure shifting from "cultivating professionalism" to "notch up to top".

OBJECTIVETo detect the effect of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) on podocalyxin expression in mouse podocytes exposed to high glucose in vitro and explore the possible pathway involved.

METHODSThe expression vector carrying a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting CTGF was transfected into mouse podocytes cultured in the presence of 1 g/L glucose (normal control), 4.5 g/L glucose (high glucose group), 1 g/L glucose + 3.5 g/L mannitol (iso-osmolar control group). The changes in the protein expression levels of podocalyxin, CTGF and ERK1/2 in the cells in response to the treatments were investigated using Western blotting.

RESULTSHigh glucose exposure for 24 and 48 h resulted in significantly decreased expression of podocalyxin and increased CTGF in the podocytes (P<0.05). Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 occurred as early as 30 min after the exposure, and the activation was maintained till 24 h. Transfection of the cells with siRNA targeting CTGF significantly inhibited these changes.

CONCLUSIONCTGF is an important mediator of high glucose-induced podocyte damage and decreases the protein level of podocalyxin by the ERK1/2 pathway. CTGF-specific siRNA can alleviate high glucose-induced podocyte injury, suggesting its potential value in treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Glucose ; adverse effects ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; drug effects ; Mice ; Podocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Sialoglycoproteins ; metabolism