To clarify the species, pathogenicity, and distribution of the pathogens causing the root rot of Atractylodes lancea in Hubei province, the tissue separation method was used to isolate the pathogens from root rot samples in the main planting areas of A. lancea in Hubei. Based on the preliminary identification of the Fusarium genus by the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequence, three housekeeping genes, EF1/EF2, Btu-F-FO1/Btu-F-RO1, and FF1/FR1, were amplified and sequenced. Subsequently, a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on these TEF gene sequences to classify the pathogens. The pathogenicity of these strains was determined using the root irrigation method. A total of 194 pathogen strains were isolated using the tissue separation method. Molecular identification using the three housekeeping genes identified the pathogens as F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. commune, F. equiseti, F. tricinctum, F. redolens, F. fujikuroi, F. avenaceum, F. acuminatum, and F. incarnatum. Among them, F. solani and F. oxysporum were the dominant strains, widely distributed in multiple regions, with F. solani accounting for approximately 54% of the total isolated strains and F. oxysporum accounting for approximately 34%. Other strains accounted for a relatively small proportion, totaling approximately 12%. The results of pathogenicity determination showed that there were certain differences in pathogenicity among strains. The analysis of the pathogenicity differentiation of the widely distributed F. solani and F. oxysporum strains revealed that these dominant strains in Hubei were mainly highly pathogenic. This study determined the species, pathogenicity, and distribution of the pathogens causing the root rot of A. lancea in Hubei province. The results provide a scientific basis for further understanding the root rot of A. lancea and its epidemic occurrence and scientifically preventing and controlling this disease.
Plant Diseases/microbiology* ; Atractylodes/microbiology* ; Phylogeny ; Plant Roots/microbiology* ; Fusarium/classification* ; China ; Virulence ; Fungal Proteins/genetics*

OBJECTIVES: To report the development, validation, and findings of the Multi-dimensional Attention Rating Scale (MARS), a self-report tool crafted to evaluate six-dimension attention levels. METHODS: The MARS was developed based on Classical Test Theory (CTT). Totally 202 highly educated healthy adult participants were recruited for reliability and validity tests. Reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability. Structural validity was explored using principal component analysis. Criterion validity was analyzed by correlating MARS scores with the Toronto Hospital Alertness Test (THAT), the Attentional Control Scale (ACS), and the Attention Network Test (ANT). RESULTS: The MARS comprises 12 items spanning six distinct dimensions of attention: focused attention, sustained attention, shifting attention, selective attention, divided attention, and response inhibition.As assessed by six experts, the content validation index (CVI) was 0.95, the Cronbach's alpha for the MARS was 0.78, and the test-retest reliability was 0.81. Four factors were identified (cumulative variance contribution rate 68.79%). The total score of MARS was correlated positively with THAT (r = 0.60, P < 0.01) and ACS (r = 0.78, P < 0.01) and negatively with ANT's reaction time for alerting (r = -0.31, P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS The MARS can reliably and validly assess six-dimension attention levels in real-world settings and is expected to be a new tool for assessing multi-dimensional attention impairments in different mental disorders.
Humans ; Adult ; Male ; Attention/physiology* ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Young Adult ; Psychometrics

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The incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) continues to rise, and there are no effective drugs to treat it. The immune microenvironment plays an important role in the development of ICC and is currently a research hotspot. Icaritin (ICA) is an innovative traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. It is considered to have potential immunoregulatory and anti-tumor effects, which is potentially consistent with the understanding of "Fuzheng" in the treatment of tumor in traditional Chinese medicine. However, whether ICA can be used to treat ICC has not been reported. Therefore, in this study, sgp19/kRas, an in situ ICC mouse model with intact immune system, was selected to evaluate the efficacy of ICA in the treatment of ICC in vivo for the first time, and the effects of ICA on the tumor immune microenvironment of ICC mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. This experiment was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Capital Medical University (approval number: AEEI-2023-138). In this study, sgp19/kRas ICC mouse model was treated with oral gavage of 100 mg·kg^-1 ICA. We found that ICA significantly inhibited tumor growth and tumor cell proliferation in the sgp19/kRas ICC mouse model after 3 weeks of treatment. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that ICA treatment markedly reduced the proportion of M2 macrophages and increased the number of CD3⁺CD4⁺ T cells. In vitro experiments demonstrated that ICA promoted macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype while inhibiting polarization towards the M2 phenotype. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis suggested that ICA enhanced Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) expression, influencing macrophage nitric oxide metabolism synthesis pathways and receptor-related activities, thereby regulating macrophage polarization. In summary, this study demonstrates that ICA treatment significantly delays tumor progression in sgp19/kRas ICC mouse models. Mechanistically, ICA may achieve its anti-ICC effects by upregulating TLR9 receptor expression levels, promoting macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype, and altering the tumor immune microenvironment.

Objective: To compare the effects of aerobic exercise, resistance training, and a combination of aerobic exercise and resistance training (combined exercise) with dietary restrictions on inflammatory factors and gut microbiota in obese children, so as to provide the reference for improving the health level of obese children. Methods: From August to September 2022, a total of 70 obese children aged 10-12 from the Affiliated Experimental Primary School of Minjiang Normal University were recruited through online notifications and WeChat distribution through parent groups. Participants were divided into dietary restriction (DR, n=18) group, aerobic exercise combined with dietary restriction (AE+DR, n=18) group, resistance training combined with dietary restriction (RT+DR, n=17) group and combined exercise combined with dietary restriction (ART+DR, n=17) group,through random number table method. From September to November 2022, each group received different interventions.The daily dietary intake of calories in the DR group was determined according to resting energy consumption. The AE+DR group intervention mainly included skipping rope, aerobics exercises, jogging and sports games, and were maintained for each session lasting 50 minutes. For RT+DR group, the exercise intensity of resistance training was (65%-85%) maximum strength, with a total of 10 actions. The ART+DR group included resistance training (20 minutes), aerobic exercise (20 minutes), preparation and relaxation phases for 5 minutes each. The DR and exercise intervention was administered for 8 weeks (4 times a week for Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday). Before and after different intervention methods, serum inflammatory factors were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and intestinal flora was calculated by plate colony counting method. Results: Compared to those before intervention, the levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP, and the contents of enterococcus and escherichia coli in the faeces significantly decreased, while the contents of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium in the faeces significantly increased after intervention (t=7.19，7.15，4.57，5.42，5.15，-3.51，-7.30；5.14，3.64，3.02，3.27，5.00，-3.09，-3.75；7.10，10.86，7.74，10.92，9.26，-6.63，-6.33，P<0.05) in AE+DR, RT+DR and ART+DR groups. The levels of serum TNF-α and CRP and enterococcus decreased significantly, and the contents of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium in the faeces increased significantly after intervention (t=2.74, 2.22, 2.14, -2.21, -2.81, P<0.05) in the DR Group. After 8 weeks of intervention with different methods, the change differences of enterococcus, escherichia coli, lactobacillus, bifidobacterium in the faeces, and serum TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP levels were statistically significantin the four groups of obese children (H=22.22, 23.75, 13.44, 28.33, 18.02, 33.64, 25.14, P<0.01). In addition, the decreases of enterococcus in the faeces and serum TNF-α, IL-6, CRP levels, and the increases of lactobacillus in the faeces were significantly higher than those in the other three groups. Conclusions Dietary restriction alone or combined with different exercises bring beneficial changes in the inflammatory factors and gut microbiota indicators in obese children. Combined exercise,as well as aerobic exercise combined with dietary restrictions are more reasonable and effective in obese children.

Objective To observe the efficacy of Chinese medicine in the treatment of pregnancy complicated with thalassemia and to investigate its influence on pregnancy outcomes.Methods A retrospective cohort study was carried out in 175 pregnant women complicated with thalassemia who met the inclusion criteria.According to the treatment methods,the patients were divided into Chinese medicine group(105 cases),iron supplementation group(41 cases)and untreated group(29 cases).The changes of hematological indicators and pregnancy outcomes in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy were compared among the three groups.The Chinese medicine group was further divided into three subgroups:56 cases in the Chinese patent medicine group,20 cases in the single Chinese medicine group and 29 cases in the Chinese herbal compound group.The changes of hematological indexes in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy in the three subgroups were compared.Moreover,the normative management of pregnant women with thalassemia during pregnancy was explored.Results(1)The concentration of hemoglobin(Hb)in the third trimester of the Chinese medicine group was(2.28±7.27)g/L higher than that in the second trimester,and the curative effect of Chinese medicine group was superior to that in the iron supplementation group and the untreated group(P＜0.05).The Hb concentration in the Chinese medicine group before delivery was(12.17±10.81)g/L higher than that in the second trimester,and the increase in the Chinese medicine group was more significantly than that in the other two groups(P＜0.05).(2)The level of serum ferritin(FER)in the third trimester of the three groups was lower than that in the second trimester,and the decrease of FER level in the iron supplementation group was less significantly than that in the other two groups(P＜0.05).(3)The Hb concentration in the third trimester of the single Chinese medicine group and the Chinese herbal compound group increased by(4.50±4.66),(3.62±8.77)g/L respectively compared with that in the second trimester,and the increase in the above two groups was more significantly than that in the Chinese patent medicine group(P＜0.05).(4)There was no significant difference in pregnancy outcomes among the three groups of pregnant women with thalassemia(P＞0.05).(5)Only 52.0％(91/175)of pregnant women with thalassemia underwent three or more blood routine tests after 20-24 weeks of pregnancy,34.3％(60/175)of pregnant women failed in re-examining the FER levels,and 21.2％(37/175)of pregnant women had no standardized iron supplementation.Conclusion Chinese medicine therapy is effective on improving anemia in pregnant women with thalassemia.Chinese herbal compound and single Chinese medicinal are more effective than Chinese patent medicine,and have not increased the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Oral administration of iron can increase the iron reserve of pregnant women with thalassemia,but its effect on improving anemia is not as good as that of Chinese medicine.Attention should be got to the monitoring of anemia and iron metabolism indicators as well as the standardized use of iron supplements and Chinese patent medicines in pregnant women with thalassemia.

Objective The study aimed to elucidate the evolution of the syndromes in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and TCM syndrome elements in different chronic stages of psoriasis vulgaris.Methods A database was constructed using electronic medical records collected from July 2019 to March 2024 from 1,049 patients with psoriasis vulgaris.The study used Sankey diagrams and network association graphs to analyze the evolution of TCM syndromes and their elements in patients at the different stages:initial diagnosis,progressive stage(Week 2-3),progressive stage(Week 4-5),skin lesion improvement stage(Week 6-7),and remission stage.The syndrome elements network was constructed using community detection algorithms,and the association rules between local skin lesion syndrome differentiation and overall syndrome differentiation were displayed using heatmaps.Results(ⅰ)Initial diagnosis.In the syndrome differentiation of local skin lesions,blood heat syndrome was the most common(79.79％);among the disease location of TCM syndrome elements(called"disease location"),liver was the most prevalent(35.62％);and among the pathological factors of TCM syndrome elements(called"pathological factors"),fire(heat)was the most common(75.48％).(ⅱ)Active stage(Week 2-3).In the syndrome differentiation of local skin lesions,blood heat syndrome remained the most prevalent(73.13％);among the disease location,liver was still the most prevalent(31.71％);and among the pathological factors,fire(heat)continued to be the most common(82.11％),while dampness(22.26％)and qi stagnation(8.39％)began to increase.(ⅲ)Active stage(Week 4-5).The syndrome differentiation of local skin lesions was dominated by blood heat syndrome(45.91％)and blood dryness syndrome(37.19％);among disease location,the interior was the most prevalent(15.25％);and among the pathological factors,fire(heat)remained the most common(50.66％),with an increase in yin deficiency(34.26％).(ⅳ)Skin lesion improvement stage(Week 6-7).In the syndrome differentiation of local skin lesions,both blood dryness syndrome(49.44％)and blood stasis syndrome(33.33％)increased;among the disease location,meridians increased most significantly and became the most prevalent(13.44％);and among the pathological factors,blood stasis increased most significantly and became the most prevalent(28.20％).(ⅴ)Remission stage.In the syndrome differentiation of local skin lesions,blood stasis syndrome became the primary(55.69％),while the percentage of blood dryness syndrome decreased(21.16％);meridians(25.71％)and blood stasis(62.34％)remained the most predominant syndrome elements related to disease location or pathological factors.Conclusion The overall pattern of TCM syndromes in psoriasis vulgaris evolved from excess to deficiency.From the initial diagnosis to the active phase(Week 2-3),heat syndrome dominated;during the active phase(Week 4-5),heat syndrome coexisted with damp syndrome or yin deficiency syndrome;changes in the syndrome element network were the most significant during the lesion improvement phase,with blood stasis gradually increasing and peaking during the remission phase.Blood stasis,dampness,and qi stagnation were pervasive throughout psoriasis vulgaris;qi stagnation and blood stasis may be the main elements causing further deterioration and prolonged course of the disease during the active phase in patients.

Objective:To explore the relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin A 1c/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (HbA 1c/HDL-C) and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) in Chinese adults. Methods:In this cross-sectional study, the clinical data of 43 820 community residents (age>40 years) from the Risk Evaluation of Cancers in Chinese Diabetic Individuals (REACTION study; March-December 2012) across eight centers (Liaoning, Guangdong, Shanghai, Gansu, Guangxi, Henan, Hubei, and Sichuan) in China were collected and analyzed. Participants were divided into three groups based on UACR levels:<10 mg/g, 10-30 mg/g, and >30 mg/g. The HbA 1c/HDL-C ratio was divided into four groups according to quartile division of the subjects: 1st quartile (Q1<3.79), 2nd quartile (3.79≤Q2<4.59), 3rd quartile (4.59≤Q3≤5.66), and 4th quartile (Q4>5.66). Multivariate ordinal logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between HbA 1c/HDL-C and UACR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to explore the predictive value of HbA 1c/HDL-C to UACR. Results:The 43 820 subjects included 13 452 (30.70%) male and 30 378 (69.30%) female patients, with an average age of (58.00±0.05) years. According to results of one-way analysis of variance analysis, the HbA 1c/HDL-C ratio was significantly associated with the risk of increased UACR ( F=495.73, P<0.001). After adjusting for clinically relevant confounding variables in logistic regression model, compared with participants with the lowest HbA 1c/HDL-C ratio (Q1), women with the highest HbA 1c/HDL-C ratio (Q4) had a 1.483-fold (95% CI 1.376-1.598, P<0.001) and men had a 1.161-fold (95% CI 1.019-1.323, P<0.001) increased risk of UACR. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of HbA 1c/HDL-C for predicting increased UACR was 0.623 (95% CI 0.597-0.606), with a sensitivity of 60.18% and a specificity of 54.91%. The HbA 1c/HDL-C ratio showed the highest predictive value of all glycemic and lipidemic parameters. In individuals with well-controlled blood glucose (HbA 1c<6.5%) or lipid levels (HDL-C≥1.0 mmol/L), the HbA 1c/HDL-C ratio was still independently associated with the risk of increased UACR after adjusting for confounding variables [ OR(95% CI) of quartile 4: 1.563 (1.210-2.019, P=0.001) in participants with HbA 1c<6.5% and 1.822 (1.687-1.968, P<0.001) in participants with HDL-C≥1.0 mmol/L]. Conclusion:As a novel compound indicator for evaluating glucose homeostasis and dyslipidemia, the HbA 1c/HDL-C ratio was independently associated with increased UACR in the general population aged>40 years in China, which was superior to both glycemic and lipid parameters alone.

Exosomes represent a class of nanoscale extracellular vesicles that facilitate the exchange of genetic information among various cells.Alzheimer's disease(AD)stands as a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by its subtle and advan-cing onset,representing the foremost form of dementia lacking effective therapeutic interventions.Notably,investigations have illuminated the involvement of exosomes in the pathogenesis of AD,attributing diagnostic and therapeutic significance to their role,particularly concerning exosomal microRNAs(miRNA).The miRNAs carried by exosomes serve as potential biomarkers for AD,while also exhibiting potential benefits in ameliorating cognitive dysfunction in individuals afflicted by AD.This article aims to comprehensively review the origins of exosomes(encom-passing both mesenchymal cell-derived exosomes and brain-de-rived exosomes)and their potential as therapeutic agents targe-ting AD.

Panax notoginseng is the dried root and rhizome of Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen,a perennial erect herb of the genus Ginseng of the family Wujiaceae.As a traditional Chinese medicine in our country,Panax notoginseng has a good tonic effect,and the Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicines has the words that Panax notoginseng is used to tonify the blood,remove the blood stasis and damage,and stop epistaxis.It can also be used to pass the blood and tonify the blood with the best efficacy,and it is the most precious one of the prescription med-icines.Eaten raw,it removes blood stasis and generates new blood,subdues swelling and stabilizes pain,stops bleeding with-out leaving stasis,and promotes blood circulation without hurting the new blood;taken cooked,it can be used to replenish and strengthen the body.Notoginsenoside R1 is a characteristic com-pound in the total saponin of Panax ginseng.In recent years,China's aging has been increasing,and the incidence of neuro-logical disorders has been increasing year by year.Meanwhile,reports on notoginsenoside R1 in the treatment of neurological disorders are increasing,and its neuroprotective effects have been exerted with precise efficacy.The purpose of this paper is to review the treatment of neurological diseases and the mecha-nism of action of notoginsenoside R1,so as to provide a certain theoretical basis for clinical use and new drug development.