The fibre projections of the caudate nucleus to the cerebral cortex and the nonspecific thalamic nucleus in the rabbit were studied by tracing the degenerated axons and terminal fibres from electrolytic lesions in the head portion of the nucleus on sections prepared with Nauta and Glees methods.The results were as follows:The efferent fibres from the head portion of the caudate nucleus were projected to frontal (especially the praecentral areas) and limbic cortex, and terminated in all the layers of the cerebral cortex.The efferent fibres from the head portion of the caudate nucleus were projectet to the centromedian nucleus and parafascicular nucleus of the nonspecific thalamic nuclei.The above observations suggest that the projection of the efferent fibres from the caudate nucleus to the cerebral cortex and nonspecific thalamic nuclei may be a parf of the nonspecific conducting pathway; and the caudate nucleus is not only a part do the extrapyramidal system but a structure of the nonspecific conducting system which may serve as the morphological basis for the role played by the caudate nucleus in the acupunctural analgesia.

Objective To explore the efficacy of captopril and methylprednisolone in the implosive therapy of RNS.Methods 21 cases of RNS who have captopril 1.25 mg/d and intravenous dripping methylprednisolone of 20mg/kg·d sustained 1-2h for 3 days,if non-remissions,using once more after a week.Results 21 cases of children with complete remission in 13 cases,partial remission in 5 cases,non-remission in 3 cases.The overall response rate was 86%.In complete remission 13 cases,4 cases remission after 2 courses treatment,5 cases remission after four courses treatment,4 cases remission after 6 courses treatment.Conclusion Combined captopril with methylprednisolone in treating refractory nephritic syndrome can improve the rate of remission.

Calculation of linear parameters, such as time-domain and frequency-domain analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), is a conventional method for assessment of autonomic nervous system activity. Nonlinear phenomena are certainly involved in the genesis of HRV. In a seemingly random signal the Poincaré plot can easily demonstrate whether there is an underlying determinism in the signal. Linear and nonlinear analysis methods were applied in the computer words inputting experiments in this study for physiological measurement. This study therefore demonstrated that Poincaré plot was a simple but powerful graphical tool to describe the dynamics of a system.
Autonomic Nervous System ; physiology ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Nonlinear Dynamics

The receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface molecules.As a pattern recognition receptor,it can bind with a variety of ligands.The adult lung is unique in which it expresses high amounts of RAGE under normal conditions while other tissues express low amounts normally and up-regulate RAGE during pathologic processes.The lung exhibits high basal level expression of RAGE localised mainly in alveolar type I cells,suggesting a potentially important role for the receptor in epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation and maintaining lung homeostasis.Indeed,disruption of RAGE levels has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of pulmonary disorders such as acute and chronic lung injury.Furthermore,its soluble form sRAGE,as a decoy receptor,has been shown as an important marker of alveolar epithelial type I cell injury.Studies have suggested that RAGE plays an important role in the biology of the lung and may become a therapeutic target for lung injury.

Chlamydia ; immunology ; pathogenicity ; physiology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; immunology ; Muramidase ; immunology

Objective To evaluate the effect of bandage rollers compression on pocket hemostasis in patients after implantation of permanent pacemaker.Methods A total of 591 patients after implantation of permanent pacemaker were enrolled in this study and divided into trial group and control group.The wounds of 296 patients in trial group received compression by two bandage rollers,which were placed parallelly on the wound side by side,above the pocket of pacemaker,fixed by 3M adhesive tapes so that no bleeding of wound and no shifting of rollers.6 hours after the operation,the tapes and bandage rollers were released.The wounds of 295 patients in control group received compression by 1 000 g sand bag which were taken off 6 hours after the operation.The safety and effects of hemostasis in patients between the two groups were compared.Results The incidences of incision bleeding,pocket hematoma and pocket skin pressure injury were not significantly different between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidences of postoperative pain,urinary retention and insomnia were significantly different between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidences of postoperative pain,urinary retention and insomnia are significantly reduced in patients who received bandage roller compression.

Objective To study effect of triple viable bacterium of bacillus (small peifeikang) on the intestinal microflora and inflammation factors in patients with infectious diarrhea.Methods From October 2010 to October 2014, 120 patients with infectious diarrhea were chosen as study objects, 30 cases of health examination were selected as healthy control group, All patients were divided into 2 groups:60 patients in small peifeikang group and 60 patients in control group.The therapeutic effect and the change of intestinal microflora and inflammation factors were compared between two groups.Results The effective rate of small peifeikang groupwas 100.00%, while that of control group was 96.67%,the difference had statistical significance (χ2 =5.52,P<0.05).The symptom disappearance time of diarrhea, vomiting and fever had statistical difference between two groups (P<0.05), that of dehydration had no statistical significance.After treatment, in small peifeikang group and control group, the number of bifidobacterium, lactobacillus, and B/E value had decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the number of intestinal bacteriahad increased significantly(P<0.05).The distribution of intestinal flora in small peifeikang group was better than that of control group, and the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05).After treatment, in small peifeikang group and control group, the level of endotoxin, IL -6, TNF-αand CRP had decreased significantly( P <0.05).The extent of decreasing in small peifeikang group was more significant than that of control group, and the difference had statistical significance ( P <0.05 ) . Conclusion The triple viable bacterium of bacillus can promote the recurrence of patients with infectious diarrhea by adjusting the distribution of intestinal microflora, and by its immune regulation function.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy on the changes of immunity balance of Th1/Th2 and cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2),interferon-γ (IFN-γ),IL-4,IL-10,and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.Methods Fifty patients with advanced NSCLC were randomly divided into thermochemotherapy group (n =25,received whole body hyperthermia combined TP chemotherapy),and chemotherapy group (n =25,received TP chemotherapy alone).The immunity balance of Th1/Th2,IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-10,and VEGF levels before therapy and 1 week after therapy were observed.At the same time,the above observation indices were also detected as normal control in 20 healthy volunteers.Results Compared to the chemotherapy group,the proportion of Th1 cells from thermochemotherapy group was significantly increased after therapy (P =0.002) and that of Th2 cells was dropped markedly (P =0.006).There was no difference in the levels of IL-2,IFN~,IL4,IL-10,and VEGF between thermochemotherapy and chemotherapy groups before therapy (P ＞ 0.05).However,the expressions of ILA,IL-10,and VEGF in the NSCLC group were significantly higher than normal group (P ＜ 0.01).The IL-2 and IFN-γ levels were significantly decreased in NSCLC group (P ＜0.01).After therapy 1 week,the concentration of IL-2 and IFN-γfrom thermochemotherapy and chemotherapy groups were higher than before,with statistical significance (P ＜0.01).In addition,IL-4 and IL-10 levels of two groups were significantly decreased in comparison with before therapy (P ＜ 0.01),and it showed a striking difference in cytokines (IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-4,and IL-10) between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).However,the concentration of VEGF in chemotherapy group patients before and after chemotherapy had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The concentration of VEGF from thermochemotherapy group patients after therapy were lower than chemotherapy group patients,the difference had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Thermochemotherapy can significantly prompt the Th2 to Th1 shift in both cells and cytokines of advanced NSCLC compared to chemotherapy alone.Moreover,thermochemotherapy also reduces the expression of VEGF,which may prevent the formation of new blood vessels in tumor tissue.

Objective To develop a multi-parametric objective evaluation protocol and investigate its correlation with perceptual analysis of continuous speech for objectivity and quantitatively. Methods The voice samples were collected from 135 patients with dysphonia and 29 subjects with normal voice. The objective parameters, including fundamental frequency (F 0), intensity, jitter, signal-to-noise ratio, Lyapunov coefficient (LC),oral airflow (OAF), vocal range (Range) and maximum phonatory time (MPT) which were measured mainly on a sustained /a/ and estimated subglottic pressure (ESGP) which was determined on a series of /pa/,were recorded on an "EVA" workstation which was developed in French. According to the G (overall dysphonia) component of the GRBAS score on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 for normal to 3 for severe dysphonia, the perceptual analysis was done by a jury composed of 4 experienced listeners and the voice samples (continuous speech) were from the same patients with normal voices and normal intensity. Results Using the discriminate analysis, a seven parameters protocol (Range, LC, ESGP, MPT, OAF, signal-to-noise ratio and F 0) was developed. Result showed that this protocol allowed 84% concordance with jury classification.Conclusion The objective voice evaluation is multi-parametric and is able to reflet the result of perceptual analysis.

Objective To investigate the effect of down-regulation of transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human bladder transitional cell carcinoma cells T24.Methods shRNA targeting TRPM8 was designed and synthesized, and then transfected into the T24 cells via lipofectamine 2000 mediation.The proliferation and apoptosis of T24 cells were detected with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and flow cytometry.Expression of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 were detected with Western blot.Results TRPM8-targeted shRNA downregulated TRPM8 expression of T24 cells.MTT assay showed a significant acceleration of the proliferation of shRNA interference group compared to blank and control groups (P ＜0.01).Compared to control group, cell apoptosis rate was significantly higher in shRNA interference group (P ＜ 0.01).In addition, the expressions of PI3K, cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 were decreased in shRNA interference group.Conclusions Down-regulation of TRPM8 can induce inhibition of proliferation and promotion of cell apoptosis in human bladder transitional cell carcinoma cells T24 via regulating PI3K.It might be regarded as a novel target for clinical diagnosis and gene therapy of bladder cancer.