ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of the high-flux dialysis on maintaining hemodialysis patients. Methods60 hemodialysis patients were randomly divided into the ordinary PMMA membrane dialyzer group,the ordinary polysulfone membrane dialyzer group and the high-flux dialyzer group with 20 patients in each group.Before and after the single hemodialysis,the removing effect of serum β2- microglobulin (β2-MG)in the 3 kinds of dialyzer,and cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein changes after 6 months were compared. ResultsThe ordinary PMMA membrane dialyzer group and high-flux dialyzer group can reduce the concentration of β2-MG,while the high-flux dialyzer group showed more significant effect.On the aspect of lipid metabolism,in the high-flux dialyzer group,serum total cholesterol,triglycerides and LDL levels decreased significantly,while the ordinary dialysis group had no significant change. ConclusionsThe high-flux dialysis can improve the dialysis efficiency,life quality and reduce the complications of patients.

Asia ; Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Pediatrics

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare whole exome sequencing (WES) and targeted panel sequencing in the clinical molecular diagnosis of the Chinese families affected with inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs). METHODS: The clinical information of 182 probands affected with IRDs was collected, including their family history and the ophthalmic examination results. Blood samples of all probands and their relatives were collected and genomic DNA was extracted by standard protocols. The first 91 cases were subjected to the WES and the other 91 cases were subjected to a specific hereditary eye disease enrichment panel (HEDEP) designed by us. All likely pathogenic and pathogenic variants in the candidate genes were determined by Sanger sequencing and co-segregation analyses were performed in available family members. Copy number variations (CNVs) detected by HEDEP were further validated by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). As PRGR ORF15 was difficult to capture by next generation sequencing (NGS), all the samples were subjected to Sanger sequencing for this region. All sequence changes identified by NGS were classified according to the American College of Medical Gene-tics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) variant interpretation guidelines. In this study, only variants identified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic were included, while those variants of uncertain significance, likely benign or benign were not included. RESULTS: In 91 cases with WES, pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were determined in 30 cases, obtaining a detection rate of 33.00% (30/91); While in 91 cases with HEDEP sequencing, pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were determined in 51 cases, achieving the diagnostic rate of 56.04% (51/91), and totally, the diagnostic rate was 44.51%. HEDEP had better sequencing coverage and read depth than WES, therefore HEDEP had higher detection rate. In addition, HEDEP could detect CNVs. In this study, we detected disease-causing variants in 29 distinct IRD-associated genes, USH2A, ABCA4 and RPGR were the three most common disease-causing genes, and the frequency of these genes in Chinese IRDs population was 11.54% (21/182), 6.59% (12/182) and 3.85% (7/182), respectively. We found 43 novel variants and 6 cases carried variants in RPGR ORF15. CONCLUSION NGS in conjunction with Sanger sequencing offers a reliable and effective approach for the genetic diagnosis of IRDs, and after evaluating the pros and cons of the two sequencing methods, we conclude that HEDEP should be used as a first-tier test for IRDs patients, WES can be used as a supplementary molecular diagnostic method due to its merit of detecting novel IRD-associated genes if HEDEP or other methods could not detect disease-causing va-riants in reported genes. In addition, our results enriched the mutational spectra of IRDs genes, and our methods paves the way of genetic counselling, family planning and up-coming gene-based therapies for these families.
DNA Copy Number Variations ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Retinal Dystrophies/genetics* ; Whole Exome Sequencing

Adaptive Immunity ; Animals ; Humans ; Periodontitis ; immunology

Child ; Humans ; Puberty, Precocious ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective To observe the influence of diabetes mellitus or insulin on fluctuations of serum potassium in patients with maintenance hemodialysis.Methods 52 cases of hemodialysis patients,including 30 non-diabetes patients,11 patients with diabetes but not using insulin,11 diabetes patients using insulin.At the time of 0,24,48 h during dialysis,we collected serum samples from the 52 patients,serum potassium was compared among the three groups.Results On 0,24,48 h,serum potassium level of the diabetes but not using insulin group had no significant difference with the non-diabetes group.While in diabetes using insulin group,serum potassium level was lower compared with the non-diabetes group or diabetes not using insulin group.Conclusions Diabetes itself had no effect on serum potassium fluctuations of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients,however,insulin can reduce the pre-dialysis serum potassium levels of MHD patients.

Objective To investigate the pathological diagnosis of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in gastric biopsy.MethodsOne hundred and forty-three cases diagnosed by gastric biopsy as high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia were analyzed by light microscopy,and were compared with the pathological findings of surgical specimens in 60 cases and a second biopsy in 13 cases.Results Among the sixty cases treated surgically following the gastric biopsies,no carcinoma was found in 6,while the other 54 were diagnosed as gastric adenocarcinoma,27 in advanced stage and 27 in early stage,respectively.Fifteen cases were well-differentiated,24 moderately-differentiated,12 poorly-differentiated and 3 were of mucinous type.Four of the 13 cases with a second biopsy were diagnosed as well-differentiated adenocarcinoma,8 low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and 1 chronic inflammation.The colorectal adenomas-like changes were morphologically found in 6 surgically-treated cases without carcinoma,5 of whom mucous muscles were not found by biopsy.Fibroblastic reactions were found in 9 cases,all of which were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma in surgical specimens.Conclusion Ninety percent of the cases who are diagnosed as high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia by biopsy may have already been complicated with adenocarcinoma.The location and depth of the specimen in gastric biopsy have a considerable influence on pathological diagnosis.The fibroblastic reaction may be considered as an important marker for gastric adenocarcinoma in pathological diagnosis of gastric biopsy.

Objective To investigate the value of thyroid transcription factor-1(TTF-1) in the diagnosis and biological behavior assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Thirty liver specimens obtained from benign lesions were analysed, among which 25 were hepatic cirrhosis and inflammatory diseases, and the other 5 were adenomas. And there were 176 specimens of liver tumors, among which 142 were HCC (well differentiated, n=12; moderately differentiated, n=57; poorly differentiated, n=73), 17 were intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC) and the other 17 were liver metastatic carcinoma (MC). The expression of TTF-1 was examined immunohistochemically in the above tissues, and the difference in expression of TTF-1 among different tissues was examined by Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results TTF-1 was significantly expressed in the cytoplasms of all the hepatocytes besides tumors and liver benign lesions. The expression rate of TTF-1 in HCC was 78.9% (112/142), however, TTF-1 was negatively expressed in ICC and MC(P

AIM: To compare and analyze the stereopsis of intermittent exotropia children under the different backgrounds of dynamic stimuli and static stimuli.
METHODS: We collected 56 children ( male 26, female 30 with intermittent exotropia at the age from 5y to 12y and examined their stereopsis under the different backgrounds of dynamic stimuli and static stimuli using a multidimensional sense perception training software. The differences between the dynamic stereopsis and static stereopsis were compared.
RESULTS: Totally 17 cases ( 30%) had both dynamicstereopsis and static stereopsis, 39 cases ( 70%) had either dynamic or static stereopsis deficit, only 10 cases ( 26%) had dynamic stereopsis, 25 cases ( 64%) static stereopsis left and 4 cases ( 10%) were without any form of stereopsis. The positive rate of dynamic stereopsis was better than the positive rate of static stereopsis, with statistical significance (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: Dynamicstereopsis is better than the static stereopsis to intermittent exotropia children.

Objective To observe the effect of continued nursing on the long-term nasal feeding to elderly patients after discharge.Methods Toally 60 elderly discharged patients between January 2014 to December 2014 were evenly divided into observation and control groups with radom digit table the control group received routine nursing before discharge and after it and the observation group received continued nursing.The two groups were compared in terms of nasal feeding-induced complication,nursing satisfaction,care capability of patients' caregivers.Result The complication rate in the observation group was significantly lower,the nursing satisfaction was significantly higher and the care capability of caregivers were significantly better as compared to those of the control group (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Continued nursing can improve nursing satisfaction,train the care capacity of caregivers,reduce the complications for the old patients who need long-term nasal feeding after discharge.