Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Prion Diseases ; epidemiology ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Prions ; metabolism

China ; Humans ; Liver ; surgery ; Translational Medical Research

Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Phytotherapy ; methods

OBJECTIVE:To set up and improve the procedures and methods for the introduction of new drugs into hospital.METHODS:A supervising system on the introduction of new drugs was established and a programmed management on the introduction of new drugs was put into practice.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:A series of measures such as establishing expert database for the evaluation of the introduction of new drugs,assuming supervision throughout the course carried out by discipline inspection committee,increasing clinical pharmacy evaluation and monitoring after the introduction of new drug,etc.have achieved good outcome in the management on the introduction of new drugs,which help promote hospital's fair,transparent and scientific introduction of new drugs.

Laparoscopic hepatectomy has many advantages over open surgery, including minimization of local injury, reduced systemic reactions, and faster postoperative recovery. The aim of this "Consensus" is to provide guidance and reference to surgeons who perform, or are interested in performing laparoscopic liver surgeries.

Purpose:To evaluate the effects of intra-arterial infusion plus radiation therapy as a treatment for invasive bladder cancer. Methods:24 cases of invasive bladder cancer were treated from 1995 to 2003. All were treated with intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy plus radiation therapy. Results:CR+PR was 91.6%(22?24). In the 22 cases with indications for total cystectomy, the normal bladder function was preserved. The quality of life and the survival period improved. Conclusions:Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy plus radiation therapy is an effective method for invasive bladder cancer, especially for the patients who can not tolerate burden or do not accept cystectomy.[

Objective To investigate nurses′ learning motivation and learning satisfaction with continued education and analyze its influencing factors. Method One hundred and seventy-nine nurses were enrolled in the survey and the general information questionnaire, education participation scale and continuing education learning satisfaction scale were used in the investigation. Results The average score by nursing education participation scale was (3.26 ± 0.59), and that of continuing education learning satisfaction scale was (2.74 ± 0.48). There were statistically significant differences in age, length of employment, professional title, marital status, employment mode between the scores by the two scales (P < 0.01). Conclusions Nurses′ learning motivation and learning satisfaction with continuing education are in the medium level. Pertinent guidance such as bringing continuing education in depth and width is suggested to improve satisfaction and motivations of nurses.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the feasibility of application of perioperative prophylactic antibiotics in orthopedic patients. METHODS:Intervention, feasible regulations and rational medication scheme were formulated and present medical records were monitored and related information was feedback timely. Utilization of perioperative prophylactic antimicrobial was compared between before and after intervention. RESULTS: In the intervention group, hospitalization days, medical costs, cost and proportions of antibiotics were reduced; medication time and selection of antibiotics for all kinds of incision were standardized and the mean duration was shortened. The proportion of antibiotics used at 0.5～2 hours before operation was increased. The first and second generation cephalosporin was applied more and more. Combination of medication was decreased and rational use of antibiotics was significantly improved. CONCLUSION:Management of drug use is helpful to standardize the application of perioperative prophylactic antibiotics and improve clinical rational use of antibiotics.

Objective To investigate serum procalcitonin(PCT)and C-reactive protein(CRP)and clinical significance of changes in children with pneumonia.Methods 123 cases of childhood pneumonia included 48 cases of bacterial infection,mycoplasma infection in 36 cases,39 cases with viral infections,40 cases of physical healthy children were selected as the control group.They were measured in serum PCT and CRP content of the correlation between test results and analysis of clinical final diagnosis.Results The level of PCT in Bacterial pneumonia group, Mycoplasma pneumonia group and viral pneumonia group were (5.80 ±1.92)μg/L,(0.45 ±0.15 )μg/L and (0.32 ±0.17)μg/L,respectively,significantly higher than control group(0.19 ±0.10)μg/L(t =5.37,3.41,1.23, all P <0.05);the level of CRP in Bacterial pneumonia group,mycoplasma pneumonia group and viral pneumonia group were(45.34 ±13.35 )mg/L,(28.63 ±11.37)mg/L and (8.19 ±2.07)mg/L,respectively,significantly higher than control group(3.85 ±1.31)mg/L(t =5.37,3.41,1.23,all P <0.05);serum PCT sensitivity to detect pneumonia children,specificity and the positive predictive were 93.56%,82.35% and 69.25%,respectively,higher than serum CRP diagnosis of pneumonia sensitivity,specificity and positive predictive(χ2 =4.41,5.83 and 7.62, respectively,all P <0.05).Conclusion Serum PCT and CRP measurement can be used as an auxiliary to identify indicators of childhood pneumonia,the diagnosis of pneumonia in children has important clinical significance.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of acyclovir on neurological function and cytokines of children with viral menin-gitis. METHODS:Totally 70 children with viral meningitis were randomly divided into control group and observation group. All children were given routine treatment,including defervescence,reducing intracranial pressure and regulating water and electrolyte balance,etc. Based on it,the control group was treated by Ribavirin glucose injection 15 mg/kg,iv,bid;observation group was treated by Acyclovir glucose injection 5 mg/kg,iv,tid. The course for both was 7 d. The clinical data was compared,including the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum,insu-lin-like growth factor-Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ) and insulin like growth factor binding protein-3(IGFBP-3) in CSF before and after treatment and the incidence of adverse reactions. There were no obvious adverse reactions during the treatment. RESULTS:After treatment, the VEGF and MMP-9 in serum and the VEGF,MMP-9,IGF-Ⅱ and IGFBP-3 in CSF in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group,with significant differences(P<0.05). There was no adverse reactions in 2 groups during the treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Compared with ribavirin,acyclovir can more obviously improve the neurological function and cytokines of children with viral meningitis,with similar safety.