Objective To prepare transferrin and Arg-Gly-Asp polypeptide co-modified nanoparticles(TF/RGD-NPs)and evaluate its targeting efficiency to melanoma.Methods The co-modified nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion method and its appearance,particle size and Zeta potential were evaluated.The cellular uptake experiment and melanoma tumor spheroids penetration test were used to evaluate the affinity and ability to penetrate tumor tissues of TF/RGD-NPs to melanoma B16 cells. Results The particle diameter of co-modified nanoparticles was(113.4 ±12.5)nm and the Zeta potential was(4.53 ±2.15)mV.In vitro uptake test demonstrated that the efficacy of cellular uptaken TF/RGD-NPs by B16 cells were 2.7 times and 2.9 times to TF-NPs and RGD-NPs,respectively,the differences were all significant(P<0.05 ).Tumor spheroid penetration test results showed that TF/RGD-NPs has good affinity to melanoma cells.Conclusion TF/RGD-NPs can target to melanoma B16 cell efficiency in vitro,it may be serve as a potential drug delivery system for targeting melanoma.

Taking the modern occupation education concept as the guide,oriented by adapting to the demand of occupation post,we established a new open education mechanism of medical occupation education to promote the reform of personnel training mode,curriculum and teaching content to explore the effective way of the sustainable development of local medical occupation education.

Objective To evaluate the clinical features,diagnostic methods and treatment of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) during pregnancy.Methods From June 2006 to June 2011,a total of 20 pregnant women were diagnosed VTE at the Department of Obsterics and Gynaecology,Qilu Hospital of Shandong University.Clinical data of these patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results (1) Characteristics of patients:the symptoms of all the 20 patients commenced in pregnancy.Of these,6 (30％) happened in the first trimester,7 (35％) in the second trimester,and 7 (35％) in the third trimester.Twelve (60％) patients went to hospital in one week after they had symptoms,while 8(40％ ) went to hospital after one week.(2)Clinical manifestation:18 patients were diagnosed deep venous thrombosis (DVT),one was diagnosed pulmonary embolism (PE).One patient was diagnosed DVT and PE simultaneously.Among the 19 DVT patients,16 (16/19)were on the left side,3 (3/19)were on the other.They all came with sudden swelling and pain of the affected lower extremity.In 17(17/19) patients,the circumference differences between two legs were beyond (4.0 ±0.5) cm.In all the 20 patients,12 (60％) had elevated plasma level of D-dimmer.The diagnosis of DVT was made mainly by a Doppler ultrasound.Among the 19 DVT events,7 (7/19) were proximal DVT,2 (2/19) were distal,and 10( 10/ 19) were mixed type.(3)Anticoagulant therapy:patients with VTE during pregnancy were treated with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (enoxaparin,once 1 mg/kg subcutaneous,twice a day).After delivery,patients were treated with subcutaneous LMWH and warfarin simultaneously for at least 5 days,until the prothrombin time-international normalized ratio ( PT-INR ) was ＞ 2.0 for 24 hours.( 4 ) Thrombolytic therapy:for most patients with VTE,we are against the routine use of thrombolytic therapy,especially before delivery.For patients with acute massive PE,urokinase of 600 000 units intravenously daily was recommended for 3 days.For those patients with DVT whose standard anticoagulation therapy was ＜ 30 days,an inferior vena cava filter(IVCF) placement was recommended before delivery or abortion.If it was ≥30 days,IVCF was not recommended as a routine,and anticoagulant therapy was used 24 hours after delivery.If there was no recurrent DVT or PE,IVCF was retrieved routinely in 12 days.(5)Outcome:among patients treated with LMWH (95％,19/20).Three received IVCF placement,which was retrieved successfully in 12 days,with no interventional complication.All patients recovered well after 2 weeks,and the circumference differences between two legs were within (2.0 ± 0.3 ) cm.Of the 18 patients maintained to the third trimester,17 received anticoagulant therapy,and no abnormal findings were found during antenatal examination.Ten patients received cesarean section (50％,10/20),while 8 had vaginal delivery (40％,8/ 20).Neither neonatal asphyxia nor malformation was observed.The patients were followed-up for 1 - 24 months,no venous thrombus extension was found in 17 cases by Doppler ultrasound,thrombus disappeared in 2 cases of distal DVT after 4 weeks and 8 weeks respectively.By echocardiography,the pulmonary arterial pressure of the 2 patients with PE was found normal 3 months after hospital discharge.There was no maternal death during the study,no recurrent PE or bleeding occured.Conclusions LMWH is safe and effective for VTE during pregnancy.Routine use of thrombolytic therapy is not recommended.VTE in pregnancy is not the absolute indication of termination of pregnancy.The indication of an IVCF placement should be stricter,and a retrievable suprarenal IVCF is recommended under certain circumstances.

For stage Ⅱ colon cancer patients after surgery,the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy remains controversial.Several studies indicate that the patients with high-risk stage Ⅱ colon cancer can benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery.According to the clinical and pathological features,the stage Ⅱcolon cancer patients including T4 lesion,perforation,peritumoral lymphovascular invasion can benefit from the adjuvant chemotherapy of oxaliplatin.In the horizontal of molecular and genetic levels,the stage Ⅱ colon cancer patients can express high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and cannot benefit from the chemotherapy of Fluorouracil.The guiding functions of 18q loss of heterozygosity (18q LOH),Cx43 and gene expression profiling in adjuvant chemotherapy are still unclear,and need further study.

Objective To evaluate the effect of embelin combined with paclitaxel on the inhibition of A 549 lung cancer cell proliferation and tumor growing in tumor bearing nude mice. Methods The anti-proliferation efficiency of embelin combined with paclitaxel were evaluated by MTT assay, and A 549 cell apoptosis were evaluated by lfow cytometry. A 549 cells were xenografted in mice to establish the animal model, which were used to evaluate the effect of anti-tumor. Results compared to saline group、embelin group and paclitaxel group, the (paclitaxel+embelin) group could inhibit the growth of A 549 cells effectively(P<0.05). The embelin combined with paclitaxel induced the apoptosis of A 549 cells more effective than paclitaxel alone. The (paclitaxel+embelin) group significantly inhibited the growth of tumor tissue. Conclusion the paclitaxel can inhibit the growth of A 549 cells, the embelin can induce the apoptosis of A 549 cells, and the combination of paclitaxel and embelin may be a potentially effective treatment for lung cancer.

One of the biggest differences between ordinary undergraduate education and higher vocational education is more emphasis on the cultivation of students' vocational skills so as to adapt to so-cial demand and employment. In order to overcome the deficiencies in current teaching outline of voca-tional education and to change from subject knowledge teaching to applied skill cultivating , medical and health curriculum standard including 'curriculum philosophy, curriculum goal, curriculum content, curriculum implementation' four elements was formulated based on concepts of 'education as base , practice orientation and lifelong learning' and cultivation mode combining industry standard with cur-riculum teaching goal and combing work with study. All measures taken above were aimed at promoting coordinated development of students' knowledge, ability and emotion and satisfying the social demand for talent.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Communicable Disease Control ; Humans

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; prevention & control ; China ; Humans

Objective To study the effect of CsA in a therapeutic dose on the hepatic ultrastructure in rats.Methods Twenty-four SD rats were divided into 3 groups.The control group was orally administered olive oil,and the other 2 groups were orally given CsA 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg daily respectively.After 2 weeks.the liver samples were taken for ultrathin sections.The stereological method was used to quantify some hepatic ultrastructural parameters including volume density (Vv),surface density(Sv),numerical density(Nv) and specific surface(δ).Results CsA caused an increases of Vv and Sv and a decrease of δ in endoplasmic reticulum;a decreases of Vv and Nv in microbody;decreases of Vv in Golgi complex and glycogen inclusions;an increases of Vv and Nv in lipid inclusions.Conclusion CsA in a therapeutic dose could cause the change of hepatic ultrastructure of rat.

Carbon monoxide(CO)has a significant anti-inflammatory action.Carbon monoxide releasing molecule(CORM),as a new donor of CO,is used widely in biological study.The article reviewed the antiinflammatory action of CO and the progress of CORM.