Objective:To investigate the role of sanchi Saponin Rg1 in D-galactose -induced amnesic mice ,and its possible mechanism.Methods:D-galactose was injected by subcutaneous to establish the aging model, and with drug treatment group.The Y-maze tests was performed to evaluate the learning and memory function, spectrophotometry was used to measure abilities of anti-oxidation.ELISA was adopted to evaluate the level of IL-1? and IL-6. Then FCM was applied to assay the index of intracellular calcium and the percentage of neural cell apoptosis.Results:Compared with drug treatment group, the model mice reduced significantly activites of anti -oxidation , the overload of intracelluer calcium and the increase in apoptosis of neural cells as well as the inflammation factor.Conclusion:Sanchi Saponin Rg1 decreased in the content of inflammation factor , the index of intracellular calcium and the percentage of apoptosis in neural cells , possibly by enchancing the antioxidant function.

? Diabetic retinopathy is one of those significant complications of diabetes.With the increasing number of diabetic patients, blind caused by diabetic retinopathy is a serious threat to human health which cannot be neglected, but there is no highly effective treatment for it. Consequently, early detection and preventive treatment for it are important.Currently, studies have found that urine microalbumin had a close relation with diabetic retinopathy and that urine microalbumin might play an important role in early predicting of diabetic retinopathy. The review is about the diagnostic significance of urine microalbumin test for early diabetic retinopathy.

Clarithromycin ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Catheterization ; adverse effects ; Child ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Platelet Count ; Thrombocytopenia ; etiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to establish two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) profiles of serum of myasthenia gravis patients, and to identify the differential proteomic expressions between normal persons and myasthenia gravis patients with spleen and kidney deficiency syndrome. METHODS: Samples of serum protein were extracted by repeated freeze-thaw method and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Differential proteomic expressions between the myasthenia gravis patients and the normal control persons were identified by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, silver staining, image-master 2-DE software analysis, peptide mass fingerprinting based on matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), BioWorks and NCBI software database searching. RESULTS: The two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles of serum proteins were successfully established by 2-DE. Twenty-one of the significant differential proteins were selected and identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. Eight of them were finally identified. CONCLUSIONS: The 2-DE profiles of serum proteins were established and the differential proteomic expressions were identified by proteome technique in our study. This can be an experimental basis for further research of the pathogenesis and treatment of myasthenia gravis.

Objective To analyze electrophysiology of peripheral nerve in uremic patients. Methods 24 uremic patients and 19 normalvolunteers were included, surface electrodes were used to observe the electrophysiology performance, including tibial nerve, peroneal nerve,sural nerve and skin sympathetic response. Results The motor conduction, sensory conduction and skin sympathetic response were significantlydifferent between uremia patients and normal volunteers (P<0.05). The electrophysiology performance showed that F wave latencyprolonged, nerve conduction slowed, distal latencies prolonged, sensory fibers damaged more serious than motor fibers. Conclusion Peripheralneuropathy is one of the most common complications in uremia patients, neural electrophysiological abnormalities are significantly earlierthan clinical symptoms, nerve electrophysiological examination is of great significance in diagnosis and evaluation uremic peripheralneuropathy.

Objective To study the effects of benzyl propionate nandrolone (BPN ) on the nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (Nampt), insulin receptor substeate-2 (IRS-2 )and pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1)expressions, cell cycle changes as well as insulin secretion in pancreatic islet cell NIT-1 lines, and to explore the influence of BPN in the Nampte xpression in NIT-1 cells and insulin signaling molecules in high glucose oxidation stress.Methods The NIT-1 cells were cultured with different concentrations (5.6,11.1,16.7,and 27.6 mmol·L-1)of glucose,then they were treated with 10 mg·L-1 BPN for 48 h with no BPN treatment as corresponding control groups.The expression levels of Nampt,IRS-2,and PDX-1 were tested by Western blotting assay.The changes of cell cycle were determined by FCM and the cell insulin secretion levels were measured with radioimmunoassay.Results Compared with corresponding control groups,the expression levels of Nampt,IRS-2, and PDX-1 proteins in the NIT-1 cells in various BPM groups were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The G0/G1 phase arrest was relieved (P<0.01)when the cells was cultured in low glucose (5.6 mmol·L-1 )condition,and the G2/M block was remitted significantly in high glucose (27.6 mmol·L-1 )condition (P<0.01),furthermore, the cell insulin secretion was promoted compared with control groups except 1 1.1 mmol· L-1 glucose group (P<0.01).Conclusion BPN can promote the expression levels of Nampt,ISR-2 and PDX-1 proteins in NIT-1 cells. There is close relationship between the Nampt expression in NIT-1 cells and insulin signaling pathway and BPN prevents the cells from insulin resistance.

Objective To study the expressions of nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (Nampt)in main energy metabolism organs (liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle, and kidney ) of the rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),and to explore the correlation between the expression and distribution of Nampt and the occurrence of diabetes.Methods The SD rat diabetes model was established by injecting with streptozotcin (STZ).The SD rats were randomly divided into diabetes group and control group. Immunohistochemical Envision staining assay was used to detect the distribution and protein expressions of Nampt in liver,pancreas,muscle,and kidney tissues of the rats,at the same time the blood glucose and serum insulin levels were also be detected. Results The blood glucose level of the rats in diabetes group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01),and the fasting insulin level was lower than that in control group (P<0.01).The Nampt expression in the liver tissue of the rats in diabets group was significantly increased,which distributed near the hepatic sinus in diabetes rats,and the Nampt expression was also increased in skeletal muscle in which the whole cell was thick dying;the Nampt expression mainly distributed in the renal tubular epithelial cells. Compared with control group, the positive expression rates of Nampt in liver,skeletal muscle,and kidney tissues of the rats in diabets group were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).There was nearly no Nampt expression in pancreas tissue of the rats in diabetes group and the Nampt expression level was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.01). Conclusion The Nampt expressions are much different in main energy metabolic organs of the rats with diabetes.It is suggested that Nampt may be used as a specific indicative marker in the process of diabetes.

Objective To explore the lymphcyte subsets distribution in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with HIV infection ,and to investigate the clinical significance of the lymphocyte subsets in cerebrospinal fluid in HIV central nervous system complication . Methods 34 patients with HIV infection ,including 20 patients without nervous system symptoms (simple HIV group) and 14 pa‐tients with nervous system symptoms (neurological HIV group) ,and 15 cases of healthy people (control group) were selected . Flow cytometry was used to detect lymphocyte subsets ,and immunoturbidimetry was used to detect the level of IgG in cerebrospinal fluid .Results The percentage of CD8+ T cells was higher and percentage of CD4+ T cells was lower in the simple HIV group and neurological HIV group than those in the healthy control ,with statistically significant differences (P<0 .01) .The level of IgG in pa‐tients with HIV infection was higher than that in the healthy control group (P<0 .01) .While no significant difference were found in the percentage of B cells and NK cells among the there group (P>0 .05) .There were also no significant differece between the sim‐ple HIV group and neurological HIV group in the ratio of each lymphcyte subset in cerebrospinal fluid (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The immune disorder in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with HIV infection may appear in the early time before the nervous system com‐plication .The changing trends of lymphocyte subsets are consistent with the peripheral blood ,which demonstrate that the T lym‐phocyte subsets may be correlated with the nervous system symptoms of HIV .

BACKGROUND:The methods to treat intertrochanteric fracture are controversial. A large number of clinical studies concern the therapeutic effects of several popular methods to repair intertrochanteric fracture, but these results lack of independence, and may have bias that cannot be measured in the variable and observational studies. Thus, relevant studies have been limited. OBJECTIVE:To compare the repair effects of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation, dynamic hip screw and total hip arthroplasty on intertrochanteric fracture in aged patients by meta-analysis. METHODS: Four electronic databases were searched, including Cochrane library, PubMed, Web of Science and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database, to colect al randomized controled trials concerning the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation, dynamic hip screw and total hip arthroplasty. Using meta-analysis of evidence-based medicine, X-ray exposure time, postoperative complication rate, postoperative bed time, postoperative wound infection rate, Harris hip scores, mean operation time, intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stays and length of the incision were compared and evaluated. Standard and methodology quality of the trials were criticaly assessed and relative data were extracted. This study used the Review Manager 5.0 software provided by Cochrane colaboration network. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Twelve randomized controled trials with 1 454 patients were included. Significant differences in mean operation time, intraoperative blood loss, X-ray exposure time, postoperative complication rate, and postoperative bed time were detected between the proximal femoral nail anti-rotation and dynamic hip screw groups (P < 0.05). Significant differences in length of hospital stays, postoperative complication rate, and postoperative bed time were observed between the proximal femoral nail anti-rotation and total hip arthroplasty groups (P < 0.05). Significant differences in postoperative complication rate, postoperative bed time, and Harris hip scores were detectable between the dynamic hip screw and total hip arthroplasty groups (P < 0.05). These data confirm that proximal femoral nail anti-rotation was apparently better than dynamic hip screw and total hip arthroplasty in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stays, postoperative complication rate, and postoperative bed time. Dynamic hip screw was better than proximal femoral nail anti-rotation in X-ray exposure time. Total hip arthroplasty was better than dynamic hip screw and proximal femoral nail anti-rotation in length of hospital stays, postoperative complication rate and postoperative bed time.