Small renal calculus can be localized by B-mode ultrasonography form nine areas,four sections and three dimensions.Monitoring of its position is helpful in the detection and treatment of this conmon but not easy to be diagnosed disease.

Electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES) indicates a special electroencephalographic pattern showing sleep-induced continuous paroxysmal discharges of spike-wave complexes.ESES can be seen in a series of epileptic syndromes in children characterized by seizures,ESES and cognitive impairment,including epilepsy with continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep,Landau Kleffner syndrome,typical and atypical benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes.Though the mechanism generating ESES remains elusive,great advances in several aspects,such as genetic studies (GRIN2A,copy number variations,ect.),high-frequency oscillations and brain networks have been achieved.Treatment for ESES related disorders should focus on both epileptic seizures and ESES,and the introduction of appropriate antiepileptic drugs or other strategies like hormone therapy should be considered to furthest eliminate epileptic seizures and protect cognitive function.

Objective:To explore the molecular mechanism of Gold Theragran in the protection of renal function,and the inhibition of renal local rennin angiotensin(RA)system in the early diabetic nephropathy(DN),and to provide the theoretical and experimental data for clinical application to prevent the DN.Methods:The experimental rats consisted of 64 healthy SD rats,average 180-220g,female and male both a half,rat model of DN was established by improved method of YANG Junwei,s method of intraperitoneal injection of STZ after nephrectomy.8 Rats was taken as normal group,the rest of them were randomly divided into 5 groups:high,middle and low dose groups of Gold Theragran,Valsartan group,model group.In each group,blood glucose,blood lipids,urine microalbumin per 24 hours,KW/BW,renal angiotensin converting enzyme,plasma and renal angiotensin Ⅱ,and its type 1 receptor were observsd and measured.Results:①Rat's general status in each treatment group was improved compared with the DN model group.②The levels of serum glucose decreased in all treatment groups,especially the high-dose group and mid-dose group were significant(P0.05).③The levels of abnormally high lever of TG,TC decreased in treatment groups,especially the high-dose group and mid-dose group were significant(P0.05).The high-dose group had further function to regulate the lipids in the 28th day than in the 7th day(P0.05).Conclusion:Firstly,Gold Theragran had a therapeutic effect of protecting the renal function on the experimental DN rats;Secondly,Gold Theragran can inhibit the abnormal state of activated rennin angiotensin system in diabetic nephropathy,delay the development of diabetic nephropathy;Thirdly,with the treatment course prolonged,the effective of Gold Theragran might be more obvious,and different dose groups show dose-effect-dependent relationship.

Purpose To investigate the expression of Lgr5 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and its significance.Methods Lgr5 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of EnVision two-step in 83 paraffin-embedded CSCC specimens,56 normal cervical tissues specimens and 32 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) specimens.The expression of Lgr5 mRNA was evaluated by RT-PCR in 13 pairs of surgically removed CSCC and adjacent normal cervical tissues.The correlation between Lgr5 expression and clinicopathological features were statistically analyzed.Results The positive proportion of Lgr5 protein in CSCC tissues was significantly higher than those in adjacent normal cervix (P ＜ 0.01) and CIN (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of Lgr5 in CSCC tissues was associated with grade of tumors (P ＜ 0.01) and depth of invasion (P ＜ 0.05),but not associated with age,tumor size,clinical stage and lymph node metastasis (P ＞ 0.05).Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the 5-year survival rate of patients with Lgr5 overexpression was significantly lower than that of patients with lower expression (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The expression of Lgr5 in CSCC tissues may associated with grade of tumors and depth of invasion and may be involved in initiation and development of CSCC,and it may be a new assistant marker for prognosis of CSCC.

Ceramide (Cer),as the center molecular of sphingolipids metabolism,functions as a bioactive mediator of different cellular processes,such as cell growth,differentiation,senescence and apoptosis,besides being structural component of cellular membrane.It can inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis via multiple signal pathawys.Chemicals anti-cancer properties based on Cer metabolism that upregulate its level are confirmed in plenty of experimental researches,and parts of research productions are applied in anticancer clinic experiments.

Objective To investigate nurses′ learning motivation and learning satisfaction with continued education and analyze its influencing factors. Method One hundred and seventy-nine nurses were enrolled in the survey and the general information questionnaire, education participation scale and continuing education learning satisfaction scale were used in the investigation. Results The average score by nursing education participation scale was (3.26 ± 0.59), and that of continuing education learning satisfaction scale was (2.74 ± 0.48). There were statistically significant differences in age, length of employment, professional title, marital status, employment mode between the scores by the two scales (P < 0.01). Conclusions Nurses′ learning motivation and learning satisfaction with continuing education are in the medium level. Pertinent guidance such as bringing continuing education in depth and width is suggested to improve satisfaction and motivations of nurses.

0.05);Compared with the control group, the time of first stage(403?135) min and the total time of labor(455?148) min were shorter ( P

ATP1A3 gene mutations are associated with a wide spectrum of neurological symptoms. This article describes a case in children, which is caused by mutation of ATP1A3 gene. A seven years old boy presented with symptoms of fever-induced generalized dystonia, dysarthria, and paroxysmal weakness. Gene sequencing results showed that the ATP1A3 gene in the boy had heterozygous mutations of c.1838C>T. Combined with the clinical manifestations, gene mutations and literatures, the patient was diagnosed as a phenotypic overlap of an atypical form of rapid onset dystonia-parkinsonism and paroxysmal weakness. The results of genetic testing can contribute to the early diagnosis of patients with atypical and overlapping phenotypes in ATP1A3 spectrum disorder.

Objective: To observe the influences of sodium selenite on expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in rat mesangial cells line HBZY-1, so as to study the role of p38MAPK and PPARγ in diabetic nephropathy and the mechanism by which sodium selenite prevents diabetic nephropathy. Methods: Rat mesangial cell line HBZY-1 was incubated with high glucose, high insulin, H2O2 and advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) separately before and after HBZY-1 cells were pre-treated with SB203580 (p38MAPK special inhibitor)or sodium selenite. Cells receiving no stimulation were taken as control. The expression of p38MAPK protein and PPARγ mRNA was detected respectively by immunohistochemistry assay and RT-PCR in all groups and the results were compared. Results: High gluco se, high insulin, H2O2 and AGEs all activated p38MAPK, increased phospho-p38MAPK expression and decreased the expression of PPARγ mRNA in rat mesangial cells line HBZY-1. The expressions of phospho-p38MAPK protein was markedly inhibited by sodium selenite, while the expression of PPARγ mRNA was significantly increased by SB203580 or sodium selenite in rat mesangial cells lines HBZY-1(P<0.01). Conclusion: p38MAPK may antagonize the expression of PP ARγ in rat mesangial cells lines HBZY-1. Sodium selenite, with a similar effect to the agonist of PPARγ, can obviously increase the expression of PPARγ.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), nuclear factor-κB (NE-κB) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), so as to study the roles of p38MAPK, NF-κB nd COX-2 in diabetic nephropathy. Methods: Rat mesangial cell line HBZY-1 was incubated with certain concentrations of glucose(25 mmol/L), insulin (100 mmol/L), H2O2 (100 mmol/L) and glycation endproducts (AGEs) (100 mg/L) with or without pretreatment with SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38MAPK, then the expression of p38MAPK, NF-κB and COX-2 in the HBZY-1 cells was examined. Results: High glucose, high insulin, H2O2 and AGEs independently activated p38MAPK, increased p38MAPK phosphorylation, and significantly up-regulated the expression of NF-κB and COX-2 compared with the control group (P<0.01). Pretreatment with SB203580 significantly decreased expression of NF-κB and COX-2 compared with the corresponding stimulating group (P<0.01). Conclusion: p38MAPK may induce renal damage during diabetic nephropathy by activating NF-κB and COX-2, indicating that p38MAPK, NF-κB and COX-2 may play important roles in the development of diabetic nephropathy.