The lymphatic vessel is one of the earliest routes for systemic neoplastic metastasis. But reports on research of the lymphatic vessel have been few compared to the study for tumor vessels. In the past few years,along with advances in understanding about the construction features of the lymphatic system,work has been done to determine the anatomic fundamentals of lymphatic metastasis. Many new specifi c markers of the lymphatic endothelium had been reported, which is useful to differentiate lymphatic vessels from capillary vessels. The lymphatic vessels are usually found in the animal tumor models, human tumors and peritumoral tissues. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of lymph-angiogenesis has been discovered, which provide effective targets for anti-lymphatic metastasis of malignant tumors, make optimization of individualized treatment strategy possible to restrain lymph-angiogenesis of malignant tumors and so it could benefi t in improving patients' prognosis and survival.

Animals ; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Chickens ; Drosophila ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Mice ; Nervous System Diseases ; chemically induced ; enzymology ; physiopathology ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Phosphorylation

Follow-Up Studies ; Survival Analysis

Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Survival Analysis

Adult ; Alkanesulfonic Acids ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Pemphigoid, Bullous ; chemically induced

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans

Catheter Ablation ; Humans ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Kidney ; innervation ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; physiopathology

ObjectiveTo develop a new formula to estimate macrosomia weight and compared with published 25 formulas.Methods1153 fetuses including 239 macrosomia within one week of delivery were considered.Two-dimensional ultrasound measurements of the fetal biparietal diameter (BPD),head circumference (HC),abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL) were performed and recorded by experienced sonographers.The birth weight were measured after the babies born.The formula finding group,1034 fetuses including 914 fetuses weighting less than 4000g and 120 macrosomia,were utilized to generate an overall regression formula by stepwise linear regression.120 macrosomia were used to established the formula for estimating macrosomic weight.As the training group,other 119 macrosomia were used to test the new formula and compared with other 25 existing formulas.ResultsThe new formula for whole weight was:lgBW =0.180 (HC) + 0.00628 (AC) - 0.00318 (HC)2 + 0.00173 (AC) (FL) +0.0000430(BPD)(HC)2.The new formula for macromia was:lgBW =0.730(BPD) -0.0375 (BPD)2 +0.000264(AC) (FL).The new method gave ( - 87.89 ± 230.95)g of estimation error and (4.4 ± 3.9) ％ of absolute percentage error,while the best existing formula provided (115.61± 345.09)g and (6.8 ± 5.4)％.With the new method,89.1％ of estimates fell within ± 10％ of the actual birth weight,while the best existing formula gave 75.6％.ConclusionsThe new formula was based on typical Chinese Han women,the error was lower and more suitable than those developed formulas for Chinese populations,especially for macrosomia fetuses.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the probability of the fetal heart scanning in first trimester(11 -14+6 week) by transabdominal ultrasonography.MethodsBy using advanced ultrasound machine with high resolution transabdominal probe,249 fetal hearts were scanned.Four chamber view,left and right outflow view,three vessels view were obtained.The successful observation rates of these views under different gestational age were recorded.For 18 pregnant women with suboptimal transabdominal scanning condition,transvaginal scan were supplemented.ResultsAmong 249 singleton fetuses with low risk of congenital heart disease,four chamber view was successfully visualized in 227 (91.2％),left outflow view in 125(50.2％),right outflow view in 102(40.9％),three vessels view in 98(39.4％).The successful observation rate of these four views increased with gestational ages.The successful observation rate of each view in successive gestational age showed remarkable difference (P ＜ 0.05).The four chamber view had the highest successful observation rate with 95％ after 12 weeks.After 13 weeks,left and right outflow views visualizing rate was above 85％.Transvaginal scanning can increase the four chamber view successful observation rate.For observation of other views,transvaginal scanning,however,showed no superior than transabdomial scanning.ConclusionsHigh resolution transabdominal probe can be used to perform the fetal hearts scanning in early trimester.It will benefit to find the fetal heart malformation.

Transcranial Doppler combined with flow imaging technique can conveniently,nonin- vasively and accurately detect the blood flow in large intracranial vessels.It has practical signifi- cance in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.This article reviews the appli- cation of transcranial color-coded sonography(TCCS)in cerebrovascular diseases.