The link between micro- and macro-parameters for radiation interactions that take place in living biological systems is described in this paper. Meanwhile recent progress and development in microdosimetry and nanodosimetry are introduced, including the methods to measure and calculate these micro- or nano-parameters. The relationship between radiobiology and physical quantities in microdosimetry and nanodosimetry was presented. Both the current problems on their applications in radiation protection and radiotherapy and the future development direction are proposed.
Humans ; Physics ; Radiation Protection ; Radiobiology ; Radiometry

Objective To investigate the effects of Kidney nourishing decoction in the treatment of reproduce patients in serum hormone .Methods 120 cases with reproduce patients from June 2014 to June 2016 in hangzhou traditional chinese medical hospital were selected,and divided into control group and experiment group, 60 cases in each group.The control group was given artificial cycle treatment, the experiment group was treated with Kidney nourishing decoction, two groups were treated for three months.Serum sex hormone and AMH content, clinical effect and pregnancy rate were compared before and after treatment.Results Compared with before treatment, levels of FSH, LH, E2 and FSH/LH in two groups decreased, AMH content increased after treatment,the thickness of endometrium and ovarian antral follicle number increased,symptom scores decreased after treatment (P <0.05);Compared with the control group, levels of FSH, LH, E2 and FSH/LH in the experiment group were lower, AMH content were higher, the thickness of endometrium and ovarian antral follicle number in the experiment group were higher,and the symptom scores were lower (P<0.05).The total effective rate of the study group was 90.00% higher than the total effective rate of the control group 73.33% (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in adverse reaction rate between the two groups, the pregnancy rate in the experiment group 30.00% was higher than the control group 11.67% ( P <0.05 ) .Conclusion Kidney nourishing decoction can reduce the sex hormone and increase the content of AMH , and increase the pregnancy rate in the treatment of reproduce patients.

AIM:To study the prepartion of Ruanganxiaoshui Cataplasma and it's percutaneous absorption in vitro as well as dissolvability in vitro. METHODS: In the experiment,orthogonal test was used to optimize the preparation.Meanwhile,with the help of azole and propylene alcohol the percutaneous absorption of ginsenoside Rg_1 from the cataplasma carriers in vitro was determined by Franz's diffusion cell and HPLC,as well as dissolution rate in vitro. RESULTS: The percutaneous absorption rate of ginsenoside Rg_1 through rat skin in vitro was 0.394 ?g/cm~2/h.And the dissolution process fitted to first order model. CONCLUSION: The Cataplasma carriers possess a good drug dissolution property.To add compound penetration enhancers is one of the effective methods for raising percutaneous absorption.

Effective management for hypertension in renal diseases should be carried out according to the principles of 2007 ESH-ESC Practice Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension.The important role of kidney in the classification of hypertension,the corresponding therapy,the set of the target blood pressure,the choice of antihypertensive agents and combination therapy should be focused.Comprehensive approaches should be used for the treatment of hypertension in renal diseases to protect the target organs(including the kidney).Appropriate prevention and management strategies for hypertension in renal diseases should be disseminated and optimized.

Since continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT) is a continuous treatment,extracorporeal anticoagulation is an important measure to ensure the success of CRRT.We briefly describe the basic principles,modes and monitoring objectives of anticoagulation in CRRT.Besides,heparin anticoagulation,anticoagulation without heparin and regional citrate anticoagulation(RCA)are presented in details.We emphasize that anticoagulation mode should be individualized,and the correct selection of anticoagulation mode and intensive clinical monitor are essential to prevent complications.

Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is an autoimmune disease that affects primarily women,commonly in their reproductive years but does not influence fertility.More recent prospective studies indicate that pregnancy is safe for the majority of mothers if it is planned when SLE is quiescent.In pregnant women with lupus nephritis,the outcome of the fetal and maternal is strongly correlated with lupus activity,kidney function and the presence of aPL at the time of conception.To prevent renal complications,prednisone is given after conception,and reinforcement for a few days before the estimated delivery and for a week after delivery or miscarriage with rapid tapering to maintenance levels may be suggested.Treatment of flares includes corticosteroids,hydroxychloroquine,azothioprine and cyclosporin A.Blood pressure is controlled with methyldopa,labetalol nifedipine or hydralazine.

[Objective]Modify Xuejiejiawei Granule judgment toxic particles to guide its clinical drug safety.[Method]Make different dosages,give the mouse to fill stomach,from the observing mouse's physiological condition to judging the medicine toxic.[Result]36 mice after given the medicine observation period do not have an example to die,after the dissection the internal organs have non-pathological changes.[Conclusion] Looking at Xuejiejiawei Granule from the medicine toxic effect,the Xuejie adding the taste pellet is a safe medicine.

Multiple modality treatment has been adapted for the treatment of various cancers,the outcome has been dramatically improved,but some of unique side effects due to the modalities like chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy have been observed in the clinic. Radiation recall dermatitis(RRD) is one of the side effects. In this paper,the etiology,clinical features,diagnosis,treatment and related factors of the radiation recall dermatitis are discussed.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the utilization of blood lipid-lowering drugs in Haikou area.METHODS:The consumption sum,DDDs and DDC of blood lipid-lowering drugs in 2 hospitals of Haikou area from 2007 to 2009 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:The consumption sum of blood lipid-lowering drugs in Haikou area increased year by year,up by 41.25% in 2008 than in 2007 and 28.96% in 2009 than in 2008.Blood lipid-lowering drugs were mainly atorvastatin,pravastatin,fluvastatin,simvastatin,bezafibrate.Atorvastatin took up the first place of the list of consumption sum and DDDs in past 3 years.CONCLUSION:Statins occupy the predominate place among blood lipid-lowering drugs and show potential in the market.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on immune factor IL-4, TNF-alpha in patients with allergic rhinitis, which provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. METHOD: Thirty-two allergic rhinitis patients were selected and divided into a control group (14 people) and the experimental group (18 people). During the treatment, both groups receive conventional symptomatic treatment. Meanwhile, aerobic exercise therapy is applied to the experimental group for 40 - 60 minutes a day, 3 - 4 days a week. Serum IL-4, TNF-alpha and allergic rhinitis symptoms graded scoring were tested before and after 6 month therapy. RESULT: After six months of exercise intervention, the 11-4, and TNF-alpha levels of experimental group were significantly lower than the level of control group. The symptoms score is also significantly decreased in experimental group. CONCLUSION Aerobic exercise had good therapeutic effect in patients with allergic rhinitis. The mechanism may be that aerobic exercise can reduce the level of IL-4 and TNF-alpha, which can relieve infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Exercise ; Exercise Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Male ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; blood ; therapy ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; Young Adult