Objective To evaluate the characteristics of the CT perfusion for severe acute pancreatitis. Methods We performed CT perfusion scan on three groups of 9, 17and 41 cases with severe,mild and normal pancreatitis respectively, using 16 rows spiral CT, and got the perfusion data of the relevant groups including blood flow (BL), blood volume(BV), mean transit time( MTT), capillary permeability(PS)with perfusion package 3. We analize the data deviation between the groups mentioned above. Furthmore, we still adapt correlation test to compare the clinical biochemical indicators of MAP and SAP, with the variance BF. Results The mean values of BF, BV reduce significally in the groups of MAP, SAP compared to thenormal group(P＜0.01 ), only PS goes higher than that of the normal group(P＜0.05). At the same time,they are obviously higher in MAP group than in SAP group. In MAP group, the level of blood hemodiastase and BF are negatively correlated, on the contray, in SAP group, the level of the blood hemodiastase has no relation to BF. Conclusions CT perfusion techniques are of great significance in early diagnosis in SAP, and in guiding the clinical therapy.

Objective To investigate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV 1)specific CD8'T cell responses and related human leukocyte antigenⅠ(HLA-I)restriction sites.Methods Four Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)strains-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCL)from periph eral blood monocytes (PBMC)of 4 healthy individuals were established.Using synthesized peptides in HIV-1 Gag,Vif and Nef regions as epitopes and using BLCL as antigen presenting cells (APC), the frequency of interferon-7(IFN-?)secreting cells in CD8 T cells from a HIV-infected long term nonprogressor by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT)assay in vitro were assessed.Moreover, matching analysis of HI.A-Ⅰrestriction sites were performed.Results HIV-1 epitopes were presen ted restrictively by HLA-Ⅰmolecules in specific CD8 T cell responses,and this antigen presenting had high specificity.HLA-Ⅰrestriction sitesA03,A26,C04andC08 contributed to presentepitopes in HIV-1 C-ag region,A03 and C08 to HIV-1 Nef as well.Conclusion HLA-Ⅰrestriction sites may include A03,A26,C04 and C08 in HIV-1 Gag region,and A03,C08 in Nef region.

Objective To analyze the curative effects and complications of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt in treating hydrocephalus caused by different diseases in children. Methods The data of 289 children with hydrocephalus who were performed ventriculo-peritoneal shunt were examined and the incidence rate of complications was analyzed. Results Thirty-seven incidences of complications occurred in 24 patients with the total incidence rate of 12.46%.There was obstruction of proximate tube in five cases,distal end in two cases,with the obstruction rate of 2.42%.Postoperative infection happened in nine cases(3.11%).Bacterial culture was positive in three cases,two of which were Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus coli in the other one.Negative results were found in six patients for the bacterial culture.Subdural hematoma occured in one case,and tube break after injury in two cases.Slit ventricle syndrome broke out seven times in three cases,leakage of cerebrospinal fluid in two,exposure of pumps in three,and subcutaneous hydrops in two.Four cases(1.38%)were dead from infection. Conclusion Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt is preferred for hydrocephalus in children if the complications are well prevented and controlled.

Objective To study the clinicopathologic characteristics and differential diagnosis of T-cell immunophenotype in intestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL).Methods The clinicopathologic characteristics of 13 cases with intestinal T-cell lymphoma were analyzed by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry(Envision detection method).Results The lesions of 8 cases with T-cell lymphoma were found on the small intestine and 5 on the colon.Grossly,8 cases showed ulcer pattern,3 polypoid pattern and 2 presented as a regional thickening of intestinal wall.The tumor cells were medium to large size with pleomorphic nuclei and inflammatory background.The neoplastic lesions expressed the immunophenotype of peripheral T cells.The neoplastic cells of 13 cases(100%)expressed leukocyte common antigen(LCA);10(76.9%)cases expressed CD3;9(69.2%)CD45RO;5(38.5%)EB virus(EBV);3(23.1%)CD56 and 2(15.4%)vimentin(VIM).All the cases were negative for CD20,CD79a,CK,CDX2,NSE,CgA and CD117.ConclusionIntestinal T-cell lymphoma is a rare,aggressive neoplasm with poor prognosis and should be distinguished from other malignant tumors of intestine.

The formative assessment system has been applied to the internship education for the clinical anesthesia with the aim to improve students' initiative and to evaluate their outcomes more compre-hensively. The students' performance in the shift exchange, case discussion, raising question, solving question at the time points of after the preclinical train, one month and 3 months into the anesthesia internship, and after the completion of internship, and their capability in preoperative patient assessment, condition report, clinical practice, review writing have been evaluated to determine the educational quality and to instruct the improvement of educational approach. Assess process takes into account both the individuality and the gen-eral character of the students and feedbacks the evaluation result to improve the practice teaching The im-plementation of the evaluation can promote students' autonomous learning and comprehensively evaluate students' practice process.

Objective To explore the urban population hyperlipidemia and chronic kidney disease relationship by epidemiological studies.Methods 800 health examiners were randomly investigation.To determine these blood pressure,height,weight;to determine these urinary albumin and creatinine in urine,serum creatinine,serum total cholesterol,triglyceride,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.To calculate glomerular filtration rate and urinary albu- min and creatinine ratio according to serum creatinine.Diagnastic criteria of CKD was eGFR30mg/g and lasted three months or more.Results 238 patients with high blood lipids was found,the overall prevalence rate was 29.75 %,patients with high blood lipids compared with the normal popula- tion.the incidence of renal injury rates were respectively 15.13 % and 9.07 %.Kidney damage rates were respective- ly 19.69% and 9.91% in the hypercholesterolemia with and without obese patients.Conclusion Hyperlipidemia has become particularly important etiology of CKD.

Objective To define the assessment dimensions of community-based elderly care service.Methods Firstly 11 assessment dimensions of elderly care service needs were teased out through literature review and group discussion, these were illness, self-care ability, vision, risk of falls, willingness/information self-expression ability, the comprehension in others' willingness/information, depression, anxiety, family care ability, self-desires for old-age support, family-desires for old-age support.Then 37 experts were invited to reconfirm and empower theose assessment dimensions with two rounds of Delphi method.Results Results showed that the enthusiasm and authority degree of experts were favorable in two rounds, and the results from the second round showed strong opinion coordination.Finally, 12 assessment dimensions were confirmed, in which financial situation of the aged added and used for reference.After weight calculation, illness was weighted the highest (0.11), while vision and the degree of anxiety were weighted lowest in 11 dimensions (0.07).Conclusion The reliability of the assessment dimensions of the aged service needs is high.This study had positive significance on the solution of the dilemma in elderly care at the present stage.

The effects of ultrafine grinding on the dissolution rates of the effective components in Sanjie Zhentong capsule (SZC) were studied in this experiment. Fine and ultrafine powder of SZC intermediates were made by ordinary grinding and ultrafine grinding technology, and then granulated by wet granulation. SZC were prepared by fine powder, ultrafine powder and ultrafine granules, respectively. With resveratrol and loureirin B as investigated indexes, dissolution rates of the four intermediates in SZC were determined by cup method and HPLC. The dissolution rates of resveratrol in SZC prepared by fine powder, ultrafine powder and ultrafine granules were 26.11%, 63.27%, 67.49%, respectively; and the dissolution rates of loureirin B were 7.160%, 20.29%, 23.05%, respectively. The dissolution rate of resveratrol and loureirin B in SZC prepared by ultrafine granules was the best. D90 size of ultrafine grinding was 13.221 μm and could improve the dissolution rates of resveratrol and loureirin B in SZC.
Capsules ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Silicones ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

Objective: To build up rabbit models of hepatic cirrhosis in through common bile duct partial ligation (CBDPL). Methods: Male New Zealand rabbits were subjected to CBDPL to induce hepatic cirrhosis. The liver biopsies were performed during the surgery and after sacrifice to evaluate hepatic fibrosis. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) were determined at week 0, 1, 2, 4 and 11 following the occlusion. Results: There were two kinds of morphological and histological manifestations after CBDPL, the one was inconspicuous hepatic fibrosis coexisted with sacculation-like bile ductal dilation and muddy stone; the other is remarkable hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis along with uneven bile ductal dilation. The serum levels of ALT, AST, TBIL and DBIL were significantly higher after one week of operation. The levels of ALT, AST, TP and ALB decreased after two-week of operation, and the levels of TBIL and DBIL were returned to the normal level after two-week of operation. Conclusion: The animal models of hepatic cirrhosis can be built up through CBDPL in rabbits.

Resource of traditional Chinese medicine residue is an inevitable choice to form new industries characterized of modem, environmental protection and intensive in the Chinese medicine industry. Based on the analysis of source and the main chemical composition of the herb residue, and for the advantages of membrane science and technology used in the pharmaceutical industry, especially membrane separation technology used in improvement technical reserves of traditional extraction and separation process in the pharmaceutical industry, it is proposed that membrane science and technology is one of the most important choices in technological design of traditional Chinese medicine resource industrialization. Traditional Chinese medicine residue is a very complex material system in composition and character, and scientific and effective "separation" process is the key areas of technology to re-use it. Integrated process can improve the productivity of the target product, enhance the purity of the product in the separation process, and solve many tasks which conventional separation is difficult to achieve. As integrated separation technology has the advantages of simplified process and reduced consumption, which are in line with the trend of the modern pharmaceutical industry, the membrane separation technology can provide a broad platform for integrated process, and membrane separation technology with its integrated technology have broad application prospects in achieving resource and industrialization process of traditional Chinese medicine residue. We discuss the principles, methods and applications practice of effective component resources in herb residue using membrane separation and integrated technology, describe the extraction, separation, concentration and purification application of membrane technology in traditional Chinese medicine residue, and systematically discourse suitability and feasibility of membrane technology in the process of traditional Chinese medicine resource industrialization in this paper.
Biomedical Research ; instrumentation ; methods ; trends ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; instrumentation ; methods ; trends ; Membranes, Artificial ; Phytotherapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; trends ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods ; trends