Objective To explore the feasibility of high concentration potassium cbloride infusion by micro pump through peripheral vein together with fluid infusion.Methods 160 patients were divided into the observation group A and B (each with 40 patients) and the control group(80 patients).For the control group,only high concentration potassium chloride was infused by micro pump through peripheral vein,high concentration potassium chloride pumped through peripheral vein together with 5％ sodium chloride and dextrose injection were adopted in the observation group A.High concentration potassium chloride pumped through peripheral vein together with medication liquid were adopted in the observation group B.The rate of pain and phlebitis in three groups were observed.Results The rate of pain and phlebitis decreased significantly in the observation groups compared with those of the control group.There was no significant difference in the rate of phlebitis between the observation group A and B.Conclusions High concentration potassium chloride infusion by micro pump through peripheral vein together with fluid infusion are more effective to alleviate pain,reduce the rate of phlebitis,and can change the kind and drip rate of the fluid based on the condition of the patients.

OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for strengthening management on dismounted drugs in pharmacy of medical institution.METHODS: In the light of the current management situation on dismounted drugs in 15 tertiary hospitals in Ningbo area,the feasible methods to strengthen the management of dismounted drugs were summarized through analyzing the development history on the management of dismounted drugs and the reasons for the shortage of drugs with small packages.RESULTS& CONCLUSIONS: Our investigation dicated that the dismounted drugs were widespread in medical institutions,but the management on which was far from standard.It is urgent to establish "Good Using Practice of Drugs in Medical Institution" as soon as possible in our country to avoid or reduce the pollution of dismounted drugs.Moreover,medical institutions should strengthen management on the dismounted drugs from aspects of split-packaging environment,appliances,personnel and management system etc to ensure medication safety.

Objective To optimize the best ingredients combination of Guizhi Gancao Decoction. Method The prescription was put into two groups, and extracting by semi-bionic extraction. The contents of Glycyrrhetinic acid, Cinnamic acid, total flavones, volatile oil and dry extract in the each extract were determined, and HPLC fingerprint of the refined by 50% ethanol was compared. Results Except the similar content of dry extract in two kinds of combinations, the other four index components in mixed extract is significantly higher than individual extraction. Two kinds of combinations extract fingerprints of the HPLC had no significant difference. HPLC gradients eluting total score area and main characteristic peak area in mixed extract were higher than individual extraction. Conclusion It is better that Guizhi Gancao Decoction extracted with Guizhi and Gancao mixed.

Objective To optimize the alcohol concentration of Guizhi Gancao Decoction extracted by semi-bionic alcoholic extraction (SBAE). Methods Extracts were prepared by the best semi-bionic extraction technology and the best combination method. The contents of Glycyrrhetinic Acid, Cinnamic Acid, total flavones, volatile oil and dry extract in the each extract were determined. Results Comprehensive evaluation Y of 70% alcoholic SBAE extract was significantly higher than that of other alcohol concentration SBAE. Conclusion 70% is the best alcohol concentration of Guizhi Gancao Decoction extracted by SBAE.

Objective:To establish fluorescence quantitative nested RT-PCR method for detecting Borna disease virus (BDV).Methods:According to the specific sequence of BDV P24 genes,the primers and the fluorescence probe were designed and synthesized.The fragment generated by PCR was cloned into the pMD18-T vector.The positive recombinant plasmid would be used as standard quantitative template to make the standard curve for sample detection.Results:The standard curve indicated the linear relationship between Ct(cycle threshold) and template concentration (r=0.998).The fluorescence quantitative nested RT-PCR method for detection of BDV p24 fragment was established.And it was used to detect BDV p24 fragment in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)from 58 patients with neuropsychiatric disorders and 50 healthy blood donors.4 patients with neuropsychiatric disorders were positive,and normal control negative.Conclusion:The fluorescence quantitative nested RT-PCR method for detection of Borna disease virus can eliminate PCR cross-contamination which causes false positive,and real-time detection ensures accurate quantity.It can be used to study the association between BDV infection and human neuropsychiatric disorders.

Objective:To explore high-risk factors of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and to compare the clinical efficacy of calf pulmonary surfactant (PS) combined with budesonide suspension and poractant alfa injection in the treatment of RDS in premature infants.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted. Preterm infants who were born in the obstetrics department of Liaocheng People's Hospital and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) within 24 hours from July 2016 to July 2020 were enrolled. The clinical data of these patients including perinatal conditions, clinical features, therapeutic regimens of PS and outcomes were collected and analyzed. According to the diagnostic criteria of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), premature infants were divided into NRDS group and non-NRDS group. First, the clinical data of the two groups were compared to analyze the related factors of NRDS. Then the related factors of NRDS were confirmed by Logistic regression analysis. In addition, according to the trapeutic regimens of PS, the children were divided into calf PS combined with budesonide suspension group and poractant alfa injection group, and the efficacy of the two PS was compared.Results:① A total of 1 690 preterm infants were included, including 297 preterm infants were diagnosed with NRDS which accounted for 17.6% of live preterm infants. There were significant differences in gender, gestational age (GA), birth parity, birth weight (BW), asphyxia of newborn, caesarean section, premature rupture of membrane, placental abruption, gestational diabetes and father's smoking addiction (maternal exposure to smoke during pregnancy) between NRDS group and non-NRDS group (male: 71.0% vs. 59.0%; GA: < 28 weeks was 4.1% vs. 0.1%, 28 weeks ≤ GA < 34 weeks was 70.0% vs. 29.9%, 34 weeks ≤ GA < 37 weeks was 25.9% vs.70.0%; birth parity: 2 (1, 3) vs. 2 (1, 3); BW: < 1 000 g was 4.1% vs. 0.4%, 1 000 g ≤ BW < 1 500 g was 31.3% vs. 6.5%, 1 500 g ≤ BW < 2 500 g was 51.5% vs. 58.9%, 2 500 g ≤ BW < 4 000 g was 12.8% vs. 33.1%, BW≥4 000 g was 0.3% vs. 1.1%; asphyxia of newborn: 50.8% vs. 14.6%; caesarean section: 71.7% vs. 65.0%; premature rupture of membrane: 66.7% vs. 42.2%; premature rupture of fetal membranes: 11.4% vs. 5.2%; gestational diabetes: 12.1% vs. 7.0%; father's smoking addiction: 80.8% vs. 71.5%, all P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in prenatal use of dexamethasone (DEX) between NRDS group and non-NRDS group (80.1% vs. 84.1%, P > 0.05). Binary multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that GA, gender, cesarean section, premature rupture of membranes, gestational diabetes, father's smoking addiction and neonatal asphyxia were the risk factors of RDS [odds ratio ( OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were 0.621 (0.557-0.693), 2.043 (1.478-2.825), 1.365 (1.036-1.797), 0.697 (0.506-0.961), 3.223 (1.906-5.449), 1.836 (1.261-2.673), 3.596 (2.622-4.933), all P < 0.05]. ② A total of 160 patients diagnosed with grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ NRDS were included to analyze the efficacy of PS. Among them, 42 cases were treated with calf PS combined with budesonide suspension, and 118 cases were treated with poractant alfa injection. Compared with the poractant alfa injection group, the total oxygen consumption time of the calf PS group was shorter [days: 9.0 (5.0, 19.0) vs. 13.0 (6.0, 26.0)], the hospitalization expenses were lower [ten thousand Yuan: 3.46 (2.88, 5.18) vs. 4.58 (3.08, 6.06)], and the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was lower (11.9% vs. 28.8%), with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:In addition to GA, gender, cesarean section, premature rupture of membranes, gestational diabetes, and neonatal asphyxia, the father's smoking addiction (maternal smoke exposure during pregnancy) is an important risk factor of RDS in premature infants. The efficacy of prenatal use of DEX for prevention of RDS in preterm infants is affected by many factors, such as prenatal smoke exposure, timing of use, multiple fetuses, etc. Calf PS combined with budesonide suspension is better than poractant alfa injection in reducing the incidence of BPD.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the value of genetic testing in clopidogrel individualized antiplatelet therapy for acute coronary syndrome(ACS)patients after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). METHODS:Clinical pharmacists participated in therapy for 3 ACS patients after PCI,and analyzed risk factors of stent thrombosis as the degree of lesion complexity,length and number of stents,complication,smoking history,etc. Clinical pharmacists suggested conducting clopidogrel genetic testing (CYP2C19,PON1,ACBC1),and suggested replacing antiplatelet agents,maintaining original plan and strengthening monitoring according to the results of genetic testing. RESULTS:The physicians adopted the suggestions of clinical pharmacists. After optimiz-ing antiplatelet therapy according to the results of genetic testing and clinical factors,3 patients were stable and discharged from hospital with drugs. CONCLUSIONS:Genetic testing can provide evidence for the formulation of individualized antiplatelet thera-py in ACS patients after PCI,and can be regarded as one of the breakthrough points for clinical pharmacists to carry out pharmaceu-tical care. In conducting genetic testing,clinical pharmacists should evaluate the risk of thrombosis in ACS patients and select the appropriate population for testing. At the same time,the clinical factors as medication compliance,stent thrombosis risk,therapeu-tic efficacy,ADR,and evidence-based pharmaceutical evidence should be comprehensively evaluated on the basis of genetic test-ing,and antiplatelet therapy plan should be optimized so as to guarantee the safety and effectiveness of drug use.

The endoplasmic reticulum is a major organelle of mammalian cells in where protein processing takes place.Excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) induced by various factors may lead to cellular structural abnormality and functional dysfunction,even cell death.Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)is caused by multifactors and is a common cause of blindness.Inducers of ERS,such as oxidative stress,inflammation and disorder of fat metabolism,have been found to play critical role in AMD.These factors promote the excess expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE),which is the key factor that triggers the conversion from dry AMD to wet form.This article mainly summarized the primary process and mechanism of ERS as well as interactions among oxidative stress,inflammation and ERS in AMD pathogenesis.

The Doctor Practical Technique Test is one of the two important parts in the Doctor Qualification Tests.The article expounds its importance and complication as well as how to grasp each point of the test.It also makes a statistic analysis of its test results in Chongqing,the feedback information of which will be an enlightenment and help to the reforms in medical education and the standarlized training of clinical residents.

Electromagnetic Fields ; adverse effects ; Health Policy ; Humans