The study aimed to establish a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PPK/PD) model of warfarin. PCR-RFLP technique was used to genotype the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms of 73 patients. RP-HPLC-UV method was used to determine the 190 plasma concentrations of warfarin. Application of NONMEM, the clinical information and 263 international normalized ratio (INR) monitoring data were used to investigate the effect of genetic, physiological, pathological factors, other medication on clearance and anticoagulant response. The final model of warfarin PPK/PD was described as follows: CL = θCL · (WT/60)θWT · θCYP · eηCL (if CYP2C9*1/*1, θCYP = 1; if *1/*3, θCYP = 0.708); EC50 = θEC50 · θVKOR · eηEC50 (if VKORC1- 1639AA, θVKOR = 1; if GA, θVKOR = 2.01; V = θV; K(E0) = θK(E0); Emax = θEmax; E0 = θE0 · eηE0. Among them, the body weight (WT), CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotype had conspicuous effect on warfarin PK/PD parameters. The goodness diagnosis, Bootstrap, NPDE verification showed that the final model was stable, effective and predictable. It may provide a reference for opitimizing the dose regimen of warfarin.
Anticoagulants ; pharmacology ; Body Weight ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; International Normalized Ratio ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases ; genetics ; Warfarin ; pharmacokinetics

OBJECTIVETo explore surgical management and the effects of surgical treatment of severely comminuted fractures of humeral intercondylar through approach of osteotomy olecranon with double-plate internal fixation.

METHODSThirty patients of severely comminuted fractures of humeral intercondylar were treated by double-plate internal fixation through osteotomy olecranon. There were 19 males and 11 females, with an average age of 42.3 years ranging from 21 to 62. According to AO/ASIF classification, there were 17 cases of type C2 and 13 of C3. Twenty-one cases were applied with reconstructive plate medially and laterally, 9 cases were applied with reconstructive plate laterally and 1/3 tubular plate medially.

RESULTSAll patients were followed-up for 6 months to 3 years (means 1.5 years). The complications such as bone defect, ossifying myositis, tardive ulnar nerve compression, internal fixation fail were no occurenced. According to Aitken-Rorabeck scale the function of the elbow showed excellent in 16 cases, good in 10, fair in 2 and poor in 2.

CONCLUSIONAnatomical reduction surgically reconstructed stabilization of the elbow and early active rehabilitation are crucial factors of functional rehabilitation of the elbow. The technique of osteotomy olecranon with double-plate internal fixation for treatment of severely comminuted fractures of humeral intercondylar is a good approach.

Adult ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Comminuted ; therapy ; Humans ; Humerus ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteotomy ; methods ; Rehabilitation ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

The paper is to report the establishment of a population pharmacokinetic model for flurbiprofen (FP), an active metabolite of flurbiprofen axetil (FA). 246 FP serum concentration and clinical data were perspectively collected from 23 general anaesthesia patients receiving FA intravenously before operation in Dentofacial Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University. Population pharmacokinetic data analysis was performed using NONMEM software. The measure of Bootstrap was applied for internal validation, while Visual Predictive check was adopted for external validation. The data of FP correspond with two-compartment model. The body weight (WT) had conspicuous effect on clearance and volume of central compartment, while sex, age and daily dose of administration had no marked effect on pharmacokinetic parameter of FP. The basic model was described as follows: CL (L x h(-1)) = 1.28x EXP(ETA(1)), V1 (L) = 5.03x EXP(ETA(2)), Q (L x h(-1)) = 8.5 x EXP(ETA(3)), V2 (L) = 4.39 x EXP(ETA(4)). The final model was described as follows: CL (L x h(-1)) = 1.32 x (WT/60) x EXP(ETA(1)), V1 (L) = 5.23 x (WT/60) x EXP(ETA(2)), Q (L x h(-1)) = 8.45 x EXP(ETA(3)), V2 (L) = 4.37 x EXP(ETA(4)). The population typical value of CL, V1, Q and V2 were: 1.32 L x h(-1), 5.23 L, 8.45 L x h(-1) and 4.37 L, respectively. Bootstrap and visual predictive check show that the final model of FP is stable, effective and predictable. A novel population pharmacokinetic model is developed to estimate the individual pharmacokinetic parameter for patients intravenous injecting FA in terms of patients' characteristics and dosing history, and to design a prior dosage regimen.
Adult ; Aged ; Analgesics ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Body Weight ; Female ; Flurbiprofen ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; surgery ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Biological ; Pain, Postoperative ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Prospective Studies ; Software ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects on the vessel wall of rosuvastatin chow diet were treated with vehicle or various doses of rosuvagtatin(1,5,or 20 ms/kg)by subcutaneous injection for 2 or 6 weeks prior to sacrifice.Endothelial adhesiveness for monocytcs was determined by functional binding assay.The expressions of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in the vessel wall were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results Endothelial adhesiveness for monocytes was significantly attenuated after 2 or 6 weeks treatments with 5 or 20 mg/kg rosuvaatatin.Rosuvastatin also significantly reduced the expressions of vescular cell adhesion moIecule-1 and monocyte chemotactie protein-1 in the vessel wall Conclusion The anti-inflammatory effects of suvagtatin might be responsible for attenuating the pathogenesis of atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.

Purpose: Interviews play a crucial role in the medical school selection process, although little is known about interviewers’ non-verbal observable communications (NoVOC) during the interviews. This study investigates how interviewers perceive NoVOC exhibited by interviewees in two medical schools, one in Taiwan and the other in Australia. The study also explores potential cross-cultural differences in these perceptions. Methods: A 26-item questionnaire was developed using a Delphi-like method to identify NoVOC. Interviewers from the University of New South Wales, Australia, and National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan (n=47 and N=78, respectively) rated these NoVOC between 2018 and 2021. Factor analyses identified and validated underlying factors. Measurement invariance across countries and genders was examined. Results: A total of 125 interviewers completed the questionnaire, including 78 from Taiwan and 47 from Australia. Using exploratory factor analysis, 14 items yielded reliable three factors “charming,” “disengaged,” and “anxious” (Cronbach’s α=0.853, 0.714, and 0.628, respectively). The measurement invariance analysis indicated that the factor models were invariant across genders but significantly different between the two countries. Further analysis revealed inconsistencies in interpreting the “anxious” factor between Taiwan and Australia. Conclusion The three distinct factors revealed in this study provide valuable insights into the NoVOC that interviewers perceive and evaluate during the interview process. The findings highlight the importance of considering non-verbal communication in selecting medical students and emphasize the need for training and awareness among interviewers. Understanding the impact of non-verbal behaviors can improve selection processes to mitigate bias and enhance the fairness and reliability of medical student selection.

Purpose: Interviews play a crucial role in the medical school selection process, although little is known about interviewers’ non-verbal observable communications (NoVOC) during the interviews. This study investigates how interviewers perceive NoVOC exhibited by interviewees in two medical schools, one in Taiwan and the other in Australia. The study also explores potential cross-cultural differences in these perceptions. Methods: A 26-item questionnaire was developed using a Delphi-like method to identify NoVOC. Interviewers from the University of New South Wales, Australia, and National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan (n=47 and N=78, respectively) rated these NoVOC between 2018 and 2021. Factor analyses identified and validated underlying factors. Measurement invariance across countries and genders was examined. Results: A total of 125 interviewers completed the questionnaire, including 78 from Taiwan and 47 from Australia. Using exploratory factor analysis, 14 items yielded reliable three factors “charming,” “disengaged,” and “anxious” (Cronbach’s α=0.853, 0.714, and 0.628, respectively). The measurement invariance analysis indicated that the factor models were invariant across genders but significantly different between the two countries. Further analysis revealed inconsistencies in interpreting the “anxious” factor between Taiwan and Australia. Conclusion The three distinct factors revealed in this study provide valuable insights into the NoVOC that interviewers perceive and evaluate during the interview process. The findings highlight the importance of considering non-verbal communication in selecting medical students and emphasize the need for training and awareness among interviewers. Understanding the impact of non-verbal behaviors can improve selection processes to mitigate bias and enhance the fairness and reliability of medical student selection.

Purpose: Interviews play a crucial role in the medical school selection process, although little is known about interviewers’ non-verbal observable communications (NoVOC) during the interviews. This study investigates how interviewers perceive NoVOC exhibited by interviewees in two medical schools, one in Taiwan and the other in Australia. The study also explores potential cross-cultural differences in these perceptions. Methods: A 26-item questionnaire was developed using a Delphi-like method to identify NoVOC. Interviewers from the University of New South Wales, Australia, and National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan (n=47 and N=78, respectively) rated these NoVOC between 2018 and 2021. Factor analyses identified and validated underlying factors. Measurement invariance across countries and genders was examined. Results: A total of 125 interviewers completed the questionnaire, including 78 from Taiwan and 47 from Australia. Using exploratory factor analysis, 14 items yielded reliable three factors “charming,” “disengaged,” and “anxious” (Cronbach’s α=0.853, 0.714, and 0.628, respectively). The measurement invariance analysis indicated that the factor models were invariant across genders but significantly different between the two countries. Further analysis revealed inconsistencies in interpreting the “anxious” factor between Taiwan and Australia. Conclusion The three distinct factors revealed in this study provide valuable insights into the NoVOC that interviewers perceive and evaluate during the interview process. The findings highlight the importance of considering non-verbal communication in selecting medical students and emphasize the need for training and awareness among interviewers. Understanding the impact of non-verbal behaviors can improve selection processes to mitigate bias and enhance the fairness and reliability of medical student selection.

Purpose: Interviews play a crucial role in the medical school selection process, although little is known about interviewers’ non-verbal observable communications (NoVOC) during the interviews. This study investigates how interviewers perceive NoVOC exhibited by interviewees in two medical schools, one in Taiwan and the other in Australia. The study also explores potential cross-cultural differences in these perceptions. Methods: A 26-item questionnaire was developed using a Delphi-like method to identify NoVOC. Interviewers from the University of New South Wales, Australia, and National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan (n=47 and N=78, respectively) rated these NoVOC between 2018 and 2021. Factor analyses identified and validated underlying factors. Measurement invariance across countries and genders was examined. Results: A total of 125 interviewers completed the questionnaire, including 78 from Taiwan and 47 from Australia. Using exploratory factor analysis, 14 items yielded reliable three factors “charming,” “disengaged,” and “anxious” (Cronbach’s α=0.853, 0.714, and 0.628, respectively). The measurement invariance analysis indicated that the factor models were invariant across genders but significantly different between the two countries. Further analysis revealed inconsistencies in interpreting the “anxious” factor between Taiwan and Australia. Conclusion The three distinct factors revealed in this study provide valuable insights into the NoVOC that interviewers perceive and evaluate during the interview process. The findings highlight the importance of considering non-verbal communication in selecting medical students and emphasize the need for training and awareness among interviewers. Understanding the impact of non-verbal behaviors can improve selection processes to mitigate bias and enhance the fairness and reliability of medical student selection.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical and molecular characteristics of hemoglobin New York in populations from Guangxi and provide reference data for screening thalassemia.

METHODSA total of 30 691 samples were screened by capillary electrophoresis, and then suspicious samples of Hb New York were identified by DNA sequencing and analysis of blood cell count. Gap-PCR and reverse dot blot hybridization method were used for the detection of common mutations of α and β thalassemia in Chinese.

RESULTSThe incidence of Hb New York was 0.12% in Guangxi. The hematological phenotype index (MCV, MCH, Hb New York, Hb A2) of 32 Hb New York heterozygous cases were (91.00±5.19)fl, (29.42±2.04)pg, (44.10±3.12)% and (2.80±0.29)% , respectively. The hematological phenotype index of 4 Hb New York composited SEA heterozygous patients were (68.20±5.26) fl, (21.78±2.15) pg, (36.60±2.00)% and (2.90±0.14)% , of 2 Hb New York composited WS heterozygous patients were (83.90±2.69) fl, (27.70±1.70) pg, (39.70±1.70)% and (3.50±0.21)%. There were statistical differences between three groups (P<0.05). HGB, MCV and MCH of Hb New York heterozygous and Hb New York composited WS heterozygous were normal, and patients with Hb New York composited SEA heterozygous showed mild anemia, decreased MCV and MCH.

CONCLUSIONMost of Hb New York were heterozygous and no homozygotes in Guangxi. There were different hematological characteristics in different Hb New York heterozygous patients. Hb New York heterozygous had normal hematological phenotype, ant combined with other types of thalassemia could exhibit symptoms such as anemia.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hemoglobins, Abnormal ; genetics ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phenotype ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Thalassemia ; blood ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of COX1 and COX2 on angiogenesis and endothelial progenitor cell mobilization in rats with experimental myocardial infarction (MI).

METHODSThe rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: MI group, MI plus rofecoxib group and MI plus valeryl salicylate group. At the 7th day after operation, circulating EPCs, plasma VEGF and HIF-1alpha mRNA of ischemic myocardium were measured. At the 28th day post operation, capillary densities were also measured in ischemic myocardium.

RESULTCompared with the MI group and the MI plus valeryl salicylate group, circulating EPCs, plasma VEGF, HIF-1alpha mRNA and capillary densities of ischemic myocardium were all decreased in MI plus rofecoxib group.

CONCLUSIONThe present study revealed that COX2 play an important role with angiogenesis and endothelial progenitor cell mobilization in rat with experimental MI by modulating expression of VEGF and HIF-1alpha.

Animals ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; biosynthesis ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Female ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; biosynthesis ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; drug effects ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stem Cells ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; blood